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Role of the gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila in obesity
Balský, Šimon ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Podzimek, Štěpán (referee)
Current scientific knowledge point to a key role of the gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of various obesity-related diseases. Akkermansia muciniphila (AM), a commensal intestinal bacterium present in the human digestive tract, has become the subject of many research projects. Studies using experimental animal models have shown that AM has significant functional capabilities, including reducing obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and improved intestinal permeability. It can be assumed that similar effects will also be observed in humans, as already suggested by the first published studies. AM is currently identified as a next generation probiotic due to its ability to positively influence host health. The inclusion of GM modulation in the overall obesity treatment plan, particularly through AM, may significantly increase weight loss efficacy and improve metabolic parameters. This approach may include probiotic/postbiotic, dietary and pharmacological interventions, thereby promoting healthier GM composition and microbiome function in general. This bachelor thesis aims to provide a comprehensive review and analysis of research studies focused on AM in humans in order to gain a deeper understanding of its impact and functions. Based on the analysis of 10...
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Effect of bacterial monoassociations (Akkermansia muciniphila) on development of type 1 diabetes and immune parameters in ex-germ-free NOD mice
Němec, Dušan ; Funda, David (advisor) ; Zadražil, Zdeněk (referee)
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition affecting around 0,4 % of general population and its prevalence is still increasing. T1DM is a multifactorial disease, and it develops under the forces of various environmental and hereditary factors. Gut microbiota is recently one of the most relevant environmental features of autoimmunity, including T1DM. Healthy gut microbiota is characterized especially by its variability. However, there has been an effort to determine critical bacteria that can either drive or suppress T1DM development. Akkermansia muciniphila is among those potentially protective bacteria. This diploma thesis examined changes of immune parameters, such regulatory T cells, NK cells, γδ T cells and expression of IFNγ, IL-10 and IL-17, and their correlation with T1DM onset in A. muciniphila- monoassociated ex-germ-free NOD mice compared to germ-free (GF) and specific-pathogen- free (SPF) controls. Furthermore, the second part of the thesis, NOD-SCID adoptive transfer provided an insight into whether diabetogenic ability of NOD mice-derived splenocytes differ in A. muciniphila vs GF and SPF controls. Minor differences were found in immune parameters among various cell populations, with the most prominent increased IL-10 expression in A. muciniphila-monoassociated mice compared to...
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