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The situation of breastfeeding Slovak mothers based on the sample of selected group of respondents
Troligová, Anna ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor) ; Jágerová, Margita (referee)
1 Abstract The thesis discusses breastfeeding in terms of cultural anthropology. The theoretical part describes breastfeeding in the historical and social context, while also focusing on the current situation in Slovakia. The research part of the thesis analyzes selected group of eleven Slovak university educated women of the present generation of nursing mothers. The basic research hypothesis is that society and culture affects the relationship of selected group of mothers to breastfeeding. The paper uses the method of semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. Basic sets of issues reflect subjective views and experiences of mothers with these problems. The work concluded that breastfeeding among university-educated mothers is significantly affected. To a large extent, breast feeding is structured in relation to social pressure, and it is also prevalent in women's distinctive individuality.
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Interpretation of the Snow Queen Story in Terms of Depth Psychology
MÁČOVÁ, Nina
This thesis is focused on the analysis of Andersen's Snow Queen. At first it paraphrases the classical form of Andersen's version of this story. It delineates what we know about the topic, it defines the concepts and basic meanings which can be discovered in this fairy tale. It also focuses on the other shapes of the tale and it looks for another variations of the topic. Than it uses the gained knowledges for interpretation of pictures.
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The evaluation of the relationship and feelings of the mother - child in the first days after birth
CHOVANCOVÁ, Jana
This diploma thesis focuses on assessment of the mother - child relationship during the first three days after childbirth. The theoretical section discusses motherhood, pregnancy and the act of childbirth. From the postpartum standpoint, the mother's psyche and the psychology of the newborn are at the centre of our attention, along with issues related to providing support and ensuring the mother - child bonding processes takes place. Early communication between mother and child is described, as is the origin and development of bonding. To prepare the theoretical section of the thesis, available Czech and foreign sources on the topic were used. The thesis aims to map out how primiparas feel about their new social role as mother, and the nature of their relationship to their newborn in the first days after childbirth. To fulfil this objective, we employ a qualitative-quantitative methodology in the empirical section. Various research methods are used: individual semi-structured interviews, analyses and subsequent data analyses, the "think out loud" method (i.e., the regular verbalisation of one's own thinking process), and the MIRF scale. Ten mothers agreed to take part in the research; all of them in the period from one to three days after the birth of their first child. Based upon an analysis of the data, we determined that in terms of their feelings about motherhood and their relationship with their newborn, these research subjects may be divided into four major groups. The conclusions arrived at in the research were compared with those of Thorstensson et al. (2012), the study that inspired our efforts. Our experience with the interviews carried out with mothers shows that during the semi-structured interview during which they answered our questions these mothers were more focused on themselves, their feelings and issues. However, when they subsequently filled out the MIRF scale, the situation changed. The mothers shifted their focus to their children and their specific feelings towards them. Filling out the MIRF scale improved the mothers' understanding of the individual aspects of their relationship towards their children. The MIRF scale helped them to identify individual areas better. For this reason, we consider the use of the MIRF scale as beneficial from the standpoint of both mothers and the medical staff caring for them and their newborns in the first days after childbirth. The MIRF scale could be utilised practically as part of routine care for mothers and their children. It might improve the support mothers for interacting with their newborns and thereby effectively increase the mothers' sensitivity to their baby's behaviour.
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Differences of care during childbirth in selected Czech and Finnish maternity hospital
VOSMEKOVÁ, Tereza
The theme of the Bachelor's thesis is "The differences of care during childbirth in selected Czech and Finnish maternity hospitals." The theoretical part is divided into three major subplots. In the first part we deal with differences in education and in competencies in selected countries. The second section is focused on describing the course of childbirth and the role of the midwife in the individual parts of birth. In the third part we focused on pharmacological and non-pharmacological control of pain during childbirth. The research describes the differences in care during the whole labor: from the time when a mother comes into the delivery room until her displacement to the maternity ward and then for how long her stay will be in a health care facility. One goal was set while writing this Bachelor thesis. The aim was to determine differences in the care during childbirth in Czech Republic and Finland. Based on the goals, two research questions arose. Research question 1: What are the differences of competence of midwives in the Czech Republic and Finland? Research question 2: Which interventions do midwives most frequently use in the Czech Republic and Finland for pain management? To handle the thesis, a qualitative research technique and a method of semi-structured interview was chosen, whose aim was to obtain detailed information on the chosen topic. A total of 13 questions were provided for the interview. For data analysis method, hand coding method, pencil and paper method was selected. The research sample consisted of three midwives from the Czech Republic and three midwives from Finland. Interviews were completely anonymous, voluntary and all respondents were informed of the possibility to terminate it at any time. The research was conducted during the period of January and February 2016. The first questions were identified the age of respondents, education, and practice time within the delivery room. The other questions focused on the period between maternal intake of the delivery room and the time until her release. The data obtained was divided into five main categories: Intake into the delivery room, the first stage of labor, the second stage of labor, the third stage of labor and the release. Each category was subsequently divided into subcategories. For clarity, a table was created with respondents identifying information and diagrams for each category. The results of the research showed that there are differences in the implementation of competencies of midwives in those countries. The main difference we discovered was the opportunity to lead the entire physiological birth from beginning to end only by a midwife without medical supervision in Finland. Midwives are also competent to lead birth in breech positions and even lead a water birth. However, even in Finland it depends on the practice of hospital and in which the birth is being kept. Another discovery was the difference in the possibility of pain control during childbirth. In Finland there are certain drug administrations related to the competence of midwives who can perform them, as well as pudendal analgesia. Czech midwives are dependent on the decision of the physician. Furthermore, the results of the interviews revealed the popularity of pharmacological pain relief between Finnish midwives and mothers, especially the possibility of using epidural analgesia for primiparous and spinal analgesia for multiparous On the other hand, there was a preference of non-pharmacological pain control among Czech midwives and parturient. A Popular method of non-pharmacological pain control among Czech mothers and midwives was hydro-analgesia and possibility to stay on a gymnastic ball. This thesis can serve as a source of information for those who are interested in other nursing sectors, for midwifery students considering to travel abroad or it can be published in the journal.
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Women in Leading Positions and Possibilities of Work-life Balance
Šestáková, Romana ; Muzikant, Martin (referee) ; Rašticová, Martina (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with issues of women in leadership positions and the possibilities of coordinating work and private life. In theoretical part the thesis deals with gender issues focusing on women in managerial positions. In the practical part I then analyze in detail the status of women managers in a selected company through the study of internal materials, guidelines, and then also using questionnaires and interviews with women and men in management positions. The thesis analyzed the attitudes of men and women in senior positions with an emphasis on associating work and private life. Solutions of employment of women in leadership position are proposed in conclusion.
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Woman on The Labour Market in the Situation of the Mother
Matějková, Zdenka ; Bartošová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bína, Vladislav (referee)
The target of this diploma thesis is to analyze the situation of Czech mother on the labour market. The theoretical part will be created from the accessible literary resources and public databases. By providing databases made into tables and charts of the most problematical influences which affect the situation of a woman on the Czech labour market. The practical part presents methodology of the diploma thesis. Then the typology of family policy in the chosen European countries is tested by means of cluster analysis. This section represents very important research part because the national family policy acts upon womans possibilities how to bring family and career into balance after finishing maternity and parental leave. Subsequently the questionairre Woman in the situation of mother on the labour market is spread into all regions of the Czech Republic and afterwards evaluated. On top of that that five hypothesis with different factors as a womans current income, education level and number of her children will be tested to deepen the issue of women chance on the Czech labour market.
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The first minutes of the life physiological newborn in the mother's eyes
PRŮCHOVÁ, Kateřina
The first minutes of life of newborn individuals and the way they spend them are very important moments. A new human is born to this world from the long-familiar environment which provided them with great security and now they are coming into a totally different environment. Our objective is to make this transition as natural as possible. The most important is to let mother and newborn together as much as possible. This way we give them feeling of safety and security, the newborn will be able to listen to the mother´s heart beat and their first mutual glances occur. We can negatively influenced those moments either if we interfere their course too much by doing procedures which could be postponed off the immediate post-delivery period or if we are not able to offer the environment which is plesant for mother and newborn. In the research part of this thesis I used a qualitative research method. The aim of the study was to describe current nursing practices for physiological newborn after birth in a delivery room and compare them with the recommended practices in this area. The objectives of this thesis were accomplished, after interview analysing I described mothers´views on the topic and compared the process of a nursing care at the first treatment of a newborn in a delivery room with recommendations for this area. The survey was conducted in a medical facility (Hospital České Budějovice a.s.) where the care provided corresponds to valid standards for nursing care in neonatology. Although the care provided is in absolute accordance with the recommendations, mothers themselves in interviews in lesser or greater extent reflected a certain need of empathy from the side of the staff, more support especially in case of primapara, and this concerns not only them but also partners who accompany women at deliveries and who meet unfamiliar situations and gain new experiences.
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Feeding strategies for premature infants (24th-34th gestational week) on discharge from the hospital.
GAZDOVÁ, Zdenka
According to the experts, the breastfeeding support and education of mothers in the Czech Republic is insuficient. There is declining number of children who are brestfed exclusively to six months of life, premature babies posing even greater problem in this matter. Much of this problematic trend resides in the lack of support for mothers. A major problem in the Czech Republic is the fact that there are still a few maternity hospitals which are arranged so that mothers can be with their babies immediately after birth, especially if we talk about preterm newborns. Breastfeeding is the most important way to ensure the healthiest nutritional needs of an infant. It allows not only nutrition, but also feeling of safety and security, which is very important in proper development of the child. Furthermore, the breastfeeding contributes to the creation of solid emotional relationship between mother and child. Among other things, breastfeeding is undoubtedly the cheapest possible child nutrition. Goal of this thesis is to draw attention to a small number of premature babies, who are fully breastfed at discharge from the hospital leading to many negative consequences such as reduced immunity, psychosocial issues, et cetera. In our opinion, the problem is caused by lack of time, excessive workload of nurses and doctors' little initiative. Through this thesis we would like to draw attention to current knowledge and information about the breastfeeding preterm infants in perinatal centers. We also mapped the number of premature babies fully breastfed at discharge from hospital and identified through research the causes of low prevalence of breastfeeding these children. Another objective was to map the knowledge and skills of nurses in practice, to determine the connection between these skills and the difference in diet between compared hospitals. Finally, we propose solutions to the identifed shortcomings. The theoretical part processed characteristics of a premature baby, anatomy and physiology of breastfeeding and its benefits for the child, proper breastfeeding technique, the importance of nurses in the management of breastfeeding and activities to promote breastfeeding in the Czech Republic and in the world. In the empirical part we used qualitative and quantitative research. We collected data in three randomly selected perinatal centers in the Czech Republic during the fourth quarter of 2012. The stated objectives of the study were processed using a questionnaire, content analysis of documents and methodology and regression trees. The research showed that all of the top centers have similar level of child care. However, there are significant differences in nutrition and ways of feeding the children and nursing care. The study showed that child nutrition at discharge from hospital is different, and this may have an impact on the later development of the child, as evidenced by other studies. Differences in nursing care most relevant to the proper and effective education of the mothers, which both can be observed from the investigation, have the greatest impact on the type of diet at the end of the hospitalization of the infant.
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Parents and Peadiatric Nurses Awareness of Infant Sleep
ŠIPANOVÁ, Renáta
One of the most common complaints of mothers at the paediatrician's is complaint about the night sleep disorder, especially in older infants and toddlers. Long-term insomnia of a child negatively affects well-being of parents and disrupts peaceful atmosphere of home. We often encounter sleep disorders in babies; mostly they are frequent nocturnal awakenings and difficulty falling asleep. Parents should be therefore informed about sleep issues already at neonatal units, as they are informed about breastfeeding. The target group of this research was mothers of infants and nurses working at neonatal units and in primary paediatric care. The aim of the study was to determine the level of awareness of paediatric nurses and parents about infant sleep and create educational material for nurses. The survey was carried out using a snow ball technique, in-depth interviews with mothers and a questionnaire with open questions for nurses. Collected data were then transcribed, coded, and processed using frame analysis by. Then, using the snow ball method, we gradually extended the sample to 7 mothers of unsleepy infants and 7 mothers of sleepy infants, i.e. to cases that were supposed to strongly manifest the problem. Also, paediatric nurses were selected intentionally according to their place of work at neonatal departments and in primary paediatric care. Parents receive information about infant sleep most often on the Internet, from specialized books and from their own mothers and friends; and they usually do not ask nurses for information on infant sleep. Parent only find out at home that there is a problem with their child's sleep. They tend to try various interventions to lull their baby to sleep. Research has shown that the most common source of knowledge for nurses is their personal experience with their own children. Nurses also use their rich experience gained during long years of practice. Furthermore, they educate themselves in this issue using specialized books, visiting seminars, and they also use the internet. Nurses' advice to mothers regarding infant insomnia is shown in two perspectives in our research. The first is the perspective of mothers and the second one is the perspective of nurses. Surprisingly, there are discrepancies, especially regarding the nurses in primary care. Interventions that were reported by nurses coincide with working techniques of lulling a baby to sleep. In contrast, some interventions which were described by mothers as advice from a nurse rather indicate ignorance or indifference of some nurses. The research showed that the quality of infant sleep may be to some extent influenced by the information given to parents already at neonatal unit by medical staff, because they are in the best position to provide such information. However, mothers often choose different sources. The research has shown that mothers usually instinctively select proper techniques to lull restless infants to sleep without consulting a paediatric nurse. These results have prompted the development of an educational leaflet for nurses which informs about proper practices and appropriate techniques to lull restless unsleepy infants to sleep.
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