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Stability of humic substances
Nováková, Šárka ; Smilková, Marcela (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis is focused on the study of stability of humic acid. Thesis is divided in two parts, the first part is theoretical. In the theoretical part is dealing with the structure, property and point of humic acid and in the experimental part is dealing with stability of humic acid. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the effect of the extraction agents on stability of humic acid. 1M HCl, 1M MgCl2 and MiliQ water was used like extraction agents. Thermo-oxidative stability was tested trough thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Changes of humic acid that occured after extraction were investigated by FT-IR spektrometry and elementary analysis. The results of the measuring were compared with original humic acid.
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Study on the Effect of Biochar Application on Organic Matter in Soil
Kurková, Marie ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis studies the effect of the application of biochar on the composition of organic matter of two different soil samples. Specifically, the total content of organic matter in the soil and the ratio of humic and fulvic acids in these soils before and after the application of biochar were monitored. The composition of the soil mass was also observed thermogravimetrically and by using the certified method of humic and fulvic acids isolation from samples of studied soils. Furthermore, the effect of biochar on the growth of a model plant (maize – Zea mays) was observed. From this point of view, differences in plant growth were possible to observe from the beginning of the experiment, both in comparison with samples with and without biochar and in comparison with samples containing different doses of biochar. The type of soil used for cultivation experiments also influenced on plant growth.
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Vliv různých způsobů aplikace kompostu na mikrobiální aktivity a růst rostlin
Přibylová, Eva
Submitted diploma thesis entitled Effect of different methods of compost application on microbial activity and plant growth with investigation of the effect of certified Černý drak compost on the growth of 12 model lettuce plants. The introductiory part of the thesis is focused on basic knowledge about soil and compost, where the issue of compost application and the presence of edafon, which has an irreplaceable function in the soil environment, is described in more detail. Furthermore, the legal framework in the field of model plants planted in nutrient-poor soil in combination with certified Černý drak compost, which was collected at a compost plant in Brno, and the development of plants planted only soil that in poor in the important content of substances needed for plant growth. In container trials, compost was applied to the soil surface and into the soil body. The aim of this experiment was to clarify and find a suitable and appropriate method of compost application in plant cultivation. After compensating for the time needed to grow the model plants, the contend of leached nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus was determined in the laboratry. The amount of aboveground biomass grown was also evaluated. However, the dosage of compost depends on the cultivated crop, the given soil and the time of application.
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Stanovení in vitro stravitelnosti sušiny a organické hmoty směsných krmných dávek s rozdílným zastoupením krmných surovin
Ursová, Lucie
The aim of this thesis was evaluvation of the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter by in vitro method in total mixed ration (TMR) with different representation of components. The gastrointestinal tract of ruminants with all its physiological requirements is described in the literary review. Furthermore, attention was paid to factors affecting the digestibility of feed and subsequent methods for determination of digestibility. The literary review was also focused on the characteristics and structure of TMR. TMR analyzes were determined by chemical methods and subsequently statistically evaluated in Excel and Statistica. The analysis took into account the chemical analysis, nutritional value and concentration of macroelements and microelements. 8 TMRs with different proportions of components were selected for analyzes, of which 6 were assembled for the peak of lactation, one for early lactation and one for the end of lacta-tion. All TMRs are designed for dairy cows with production capacity of over 9,000 l of milk.
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Pedodiverzita vybraných ekotonů na přechodu lesní porost - palouk na území Školního lesního podniku Masarykův les Křtiny
Bydžovský, Radek
Ecotones and their environments are often referred to as areas of significant diversity that condition the interactions of neighbouring ecosystems. Manifestations of ecotone community diversity can be observed, for example in the species composition of flora and fauna. However, this bachelor thesis examines the characters of the soil environment of this ecosystem and compares it with enviroment of a forest and a meadow. Evaluated soil diversity parameters are active and potential soil reactions, soil catalase enzyme aktivity, C, N, S element content and possible carbonate content. The evaluation of these soil characteristics was carried out in the three selected sites. The significant dynamics of the ecotone environment was confirmed in the case of soil reaction. Catalase also showed different activity rates in the ecotone area. A similar finding was confirmed in the case of the analysed elements C, N and S. Based on the evaluated parameters, the ecotone area shows a significant different character of the soil environment. However, the character and degree of manifestation in ecotone area are very closely linked to the characteristics of the individual habitats.
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Dynamics of surface water quality changes in model headwater areas of the Czech Republic
Fraindová, K. ; Matoušková, M. ; Kliment, Z. ; Vlček, Lukáš ; Vlach, V. ; Šajnarová, L.
River headwaters have a high environmental value. Unfortunately, the biogeochemical processes in headwaters in context of different rainfall-runoff conditions and specific land cover have not been fully examined. This study focuses on changes in correlations of 16 biogeochemical parameters related to different types of rainfall-runoff events and land cover condition for eight headwater catchments in Central Europe. Multiple methods as linear regression, Spearman rank correlation, Principal Components Analysis and C/Q hysteresis loops revealed main relationships. Presence of peatlands and waterlogged spruce forests had decisive influence on the biogeochemistry (mainly for CODMn, humins, Fe, P-PO43− TP, and N-NO3−). The strongest positive correlation of organic matter (CODMn) and Fe is represented in a catchment with the largest area of damaged forest (70%), but with a smaller proportion of wetlands (8%). High flow rates influence the release of greater amounts of organic matter and N-NO3−.
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Role of microbes in the decomposition in headwater streams.
Kociánová, Petra ; Kopalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Tátosová, Jolana (referee)
The decomposition of organic matter in headwater streams is a key process in stream ecology and an important component of the global carbon cycle. Decomposition rates depend on both abiotic and biotic factors, the former including temperature, discharge, and nutrient chemistry, and the latter including stream community structure and activity, trophic interactions, biodiversity, and productivity. Of the stream community, microbial decomposers play a particularly important role in decomposition by chemically degrading compounds and transferring nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels. These processes are prone to change due to current and future global warming which will affect both decomposer communities and associated decomposition rates. This thesis provides a short overview of the main factors that control stream decomposition rates, including biological factors like microbial activity, abiotic factors such as water temperature and nutrient availability, and how these factors may be altered in the future under a warmer climate. Specifically, I predict that climate change will increase microbial activity and decomposition in headwater streams due to increased water temperatures, changes in surrounding vegetation, and shifts in the hydrological regime due to global warming. .
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Polarity-based sequential extraction method for the study of organic matter isolated from biochar
Vojáčková, Beáta ; Doskočil, Leoš (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This master’s thesis completely charakterizes the organic matter of biochar from a physicochemical point of view. The theoretical part is focused mainly on the use of biochar in technology industry, substance content, extraction and instrumental techniques used for its study. A Soxhlet apparatus and the method of sequential fractionation by a series of six organic solvents, which were ranked based on their increasing polarity, were used to extract the matter. The experimental part discusses the analysis of the obtained samples using thermal methods such as thermogravimetric (TGA) and elemental analysis (EA). In our case optical methods were used also; spectrometry with Fourier transform (FTIR-ATR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and fluorescence spectrometry. Thanks to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were obtained images of the biochar surface. Continuous characterization including the results of the biogenic element content, individual functional groups and the values of established indices, allowed us to define the organic parts of biochar and contributed to the implementation of better methodology regarding the investigated issue.
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Study of plasma activated water application on the total soil microbial biomass content
Poláková, Marianna ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
The aim of the diploma thesis was to choose the optimal method for evaluating the content of total microbial biomass in the soil, using plasma-activated water as irrigation, based on literature research. For this purpose, the fumigation-extraction method was chosen, which was evaluated using TOC/TN. The work further focused on the characterization of the physicalchemical properties of plasma-activated water and soil. The rate of decomposition of organic matter in the soil was monitored using the tea bag method, where green and roiboos tea are used to study the rate of decomposition. The content of total water-extractable polyphenolic substances was also determined in green tea. Based on cultivation tests, the presence of soil microorganisms was determined. From the measured data, it was found that the plasmaactivated water does not have a negative effect on the pH of the soil. However, probably as a result of its application, the values of the total microbial biomass in plasma-activated water samples for 10 minutes decreased to the value of (8063±1900) mgkg-1 for TOC and (98±74) mgkg-1 for TN compared to the distilled infusion water, where TOC values were (18068±4186) mgkg-1 and TN (123±10) mgkg-1. .
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Analysis of production abilities of soya bean in selected agricultural company
ŠINDELÁŘ, Jan
This thesis presents the results of one year field experiment in the area of České Budějovice. The aim of thesis was to analyze the production abilities of selected varieties of soybean. A field experiment, with three soybean varieties, was performed in 2019 on a farm in Haklovy Dvory (leased by an agricultural company ZD Krásná Hora nad Vltavou, a.s.). The aim was to evaluate the real production capacity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), in the conditions of the company. These varieties were selected - Abelina, Lissabon and Merlin. Except to yield, were also observed yield elements such as the number of plants per square meter, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds in a pod and the weigth of thousand of seeds. Further, the total length of the plants, the number of primary branches, the height of the first pod, the content of fats and nitrogenous substances in the seed, and the amount of organic matter left after harvesting the seeds. For all tested varieties, a yield of over 2 tons per hectare was achieved, the Merlin variety even produced 2.7 tons of seeds per hectare. All tested varietis exceeded the profitability limit by yield, generally stated at 2 tons of yield per hectare. And they can all be considered acceptable for cultivation in the conditions locality České Budějovice. A considerable amout of organic matter from post harvest residues was added to the soil, in the case of the Abelina variety it was over 7 tons of matter per hectare.
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