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Equipment for Thickening Waste Water from Biogas Plants
Vondra, Marek ; Bébar, Ladislav (referee) ; Hoffman,, Pavel (referee) ; Stehlík, Petr (advisor)
This dissertation thesis deals with the development of technology which could tackle two major issues related to biogas plants. These issues concern the insufficient use of waste heat from biogas combustion and its subsequent processing. It also concerns the use of the fermentation residues which are formed in large quantities and whose use is restricted by law. Based on a literary search of separation methods, a vacuum evaporator was selected as the most suitable technology. Its advantages include its simple construction, operational reliability and robustness, low costs of thickening medium pre-treatment, potential for a quick commercial application and, especially, the chance to use a low-potential waste heat. A primary purpose of this technological unit is the reduction in the volume of fermentation residues. Other benefits include the efficient use of waste heat from a biogas plant, which would otherwise be wasted. Evaporators with a low consumption of electrical energy (which is a main product of a biogas plant) seem to be the best option for applications in the biogas plants. Three of these technologies were subjected to a more thorough analysis, which included the development of computational models and their quantification for conditions in a sample biogas plant. A one-stage evaporator with a forced circulation (680 – 712 kWhth/m3, 25.9 – 30.5 kWhel/m3) was evaluated as the least suitable option in terms of energy demands. The energy intensity of a three-stage evaporator with a falling film (241 – 319 kWhth/m3, 12.0 – 23.6 kWhel/m3) and a nine-stage flash evaporator (236 – 268 kWhth/m3, 13.6 – 18.4 kWhel/m3) is significantly lower. A multi-stage flash evaporator (MSF) was then chosen for development and will form the central focus of this thesis. The reasons for the choice are as follows: the low requirements on the heat transfer surface, good operational experience in the field of desalination, its simple construction, modularity and evaporation outside the heat transfer surface. A thorough technical-economic evaluation was also performed on the integration of the evaporator into the biogas plant. The main part of the work included the experimental development of a MSF evaporator prototype. The main objective of this development was to achieve a stable flow rate of the thickening liquid digestate fraction and the continuous formation of the distillate. This was not an easy objective to achieve, especially due to the properties of the liquid digestate, which has a non-newtonian characteristic and increased density and viscosity compared to water. The tendency of the liquid digestate to form foam was also the subject of analysis. The development of the evaporator and first successful operational test are described in the thesis in detail. This required the use of an anti-foaming product. A fully-developed prototype of the MSF evaporator allowed us to achieve continuous operation with a distillate production, reaching from 5 to 10 kg/h at a liquid digestate flow rate of 0.4–0.5 m3/h. The main drawback of this technology is the pollution of the distillate with ammonia nitrogen, and it is for this reason that the basic procedures of its subsequent elimination was selected for further analysis.
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HODNOCENÍ ZEMĚDĚLSKÝCH BIOPLYNOVÝCH STANIC ČR
HUBAČ, Tomáš
The aim of this thesis was to compare several biogas plants in the South and Central Bohemia in several respects. Overall, it was also beneficial to see how these biogas plants solve or not solve the pretreatment of the substrate, as well as the use of ancillary benefits, such as the use of heat or residual digestate. Part of this thesis is a literature search, mapping the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of agricultural biogas plants.
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An Improvement of Effectiveness of Biogas Plant "Koloměřice"
ČERVENKA, Pavel
The diploma thesis is focused on the topic of an important and working of biogas plants. Literature review is focused on working of biogas plants - their kinds, possible inputs and outputs and naturally processes. The aim of practical part is a research, which is concentrated on quantity and quality of inputs for maintain an optimal running of biogas plant, even in crisis periods (like is lack of harvest in poor year). And also it is focused on profitability poor year against average year.
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Economic analysis of farm
ŽĎÁNSKÝ, Josef
The thesis "Economic Analysis of an Agricultural Company" aims to provide overall evaluation of the financial situation and performance of Zemědělská společnost Kosova Hora, a.s. in the years 2005 2015, applying standard methods of financial analysis. The aim was achieved by applying a ratio analysis, credibility and bankruptcy models, economic value added (EVA), analysis of operational indicators, inter-company comparisons based on selected criteria and evaluation of the project of constructing a biogas station. In all these areas the company was compared with a selection of other agricultural companies. Based on the results summarized in the concluding chapter, the analysed company scored very high both from the financial and operational perspectives.
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The Studies to Eliminate the Risk of Occupational Safety
Bětík, Tomáš ; Šlimar, Pavel (referee) ; Jurová, Marie (advisor)
Bachelor's thesis is focused on the issue of occupational safety and health protection in the area of biogas plant owned by selected business entity. The work provides a theoretical basis for the issue, analyzes the level of occupational safety and compliance with legal requirements at the company and the workplace. Closing with recommendations for improving safety and health.
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Modern Biogas Station as Part of "Smart Regions"
Horák, Jakub ; Pavel,, Milčák (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This thesis deals with the design of computational model of a biogas plant and its use in the concept of intelligent region with focusing on district heating and cooling network. The introduction contains review of technology used in the biogas plant. This review covers the description of modern biogas plants and determination of the energy and technology parameters for computational model of biogas plant. The next part of thesis describes analyze of the dynamics of the operation and the possibilities of using waste heat from biogas plant. The last and also the most important part is based on design of computational model of a biogas plant and design of connection of a biogas plant to the district heating and cooling network.
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Increasing of electricity production in BGS using steam engine
Nahodil, Jiří ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of using waste heat for power generation with a focusing on biogas plants (BGS). The produced biogas is mainly used for combustion in cogeneration units with internal combustion piston engines. The first part this paper describes the biogas plants. The division of BGS and the biogas processing is mentioned there. Another part is focused on the combined production of electricity and heat. The principles and description various types of cogeneration technologies are presented here. The following are specific options for waste heat utilization for biogas plants. The last section contains proposals to increase electricity production by the BGS with the steam engine and economic evaluation of these proposals is made.
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Design of equipment for thermo mechanical pre-treatment of biodegradable waste
Kolařík, Ivo ; Jedlička, Filip (referee) ; Beňo, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main objective of this master’s thesis is to develop design equipment for thermomechanical pre-treatment of biodegradable waste. An important aspect of the design is taking into account current legislation, sanitary conditions for determining the pre-treated biodegradable material, which also serves as a raw material for biogas production. So the device will be used to monitor the impact of thermomechanical pre-treatment of biodegradable waste for biogas recovery. The following describes the processes of anaerobic decomposition of biodegradable materials and technology, whose main task is intensification of anaerobic decomposition of organic materials. The theoretical work are given various methods of processing and utilization of biodegradable wastes, focusing on kitchen waste and sludge from sewage plants. The next section describes the various factors that may affect the stability of the process of biogas generation. This also results in yield and chemical composition of biogas. A key part of this master’s thesis is to develop technical documentation and an approximate calculation of the hot slurry.
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