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Economic crisis in Ukraine: why it has occurred and what to do
Stepanova, Larysa
This diploma thesis identifies major causes and potential solutions of economic crisis in Ukraine. The thesis also provides answers on two research questions: What type of crisis is the current crisis in Ukraine? What are fundamental measures to restore sustainable economic growth in Ukraine? For better under-standing of the impact of financial crisis on economic development in Ukraine was used a comparative analysis of macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine and three other countries with similar economic, geographic, historical and cultural characteristics, which are Poland, Belarus and Latvia. In diploma thesis was introduced Regression analysis of Ukrainian economy based on Romer’s theory.
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Úvěrové omezení firem v souvislostech nerovnováhy na úvěrovém trhu v průběhu finanční krize
Koráb, Petr
The dissertation thesis focuses on financing constraints of small and medium-sized enterprises during the recent financial crisis of 2008-2009. The contribution of the dissertation thesis is in the application of non-parametric kernel estimation on the selected index of financing constraints. Two empirical analyses are made, the first uses panel data to identify financing constraints on the sample of small and medium-sized enterprises employing non-parametric kernel estimations, the latter analyses credit market employing maximum likelihood method for market in disequilibrium. Two groups of countries are analysed, the Visegrad group, comprising of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland, and a group of selected Eurozone countries, in which Germany, Italy, Spain and Greece are the subject of analyses. The results of empirical analyses revealed asymmetric impact of the financial crisis on financing constraints of enterprises in both groups of countries. In the Czech Republic and Slovakia SMEs faced higher financing constraints in the wake of the financial crisis, mainly due to the problems with reduced cash-flow and cash holdings. In Poland and Hungary, however, my results do not show larger problems to secure external financing during the financial crisis. In the Eurozone countries, SMEs in Italy and Spain faced increasing obstacles to access external finance after the financial crisis erupted. In contrary to these countries, German SMEs did not face increasing financing constraints during the crisis period. The largest deterioration of the access to external finance experienced enterprises in Greece, because of the problems with cash-flow, cash holdings and indebtedness. Because of the results of empirical analyses and also because of the fact that Greece experienced the largest decline in GDP during the crisis, I selected Greece for further analysis of credit market at aggregate level. My results show a period of credit crunch during the financial crisis. In the Discussion part I compare the results of my analyses with other papers which use different methodologies. Except for Hungary, the studies and the results in this dissertation thesis are comparable.
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The Effects of the Financial Crisis on the Regulation of Financial Markets with a Focus on Securitization
Kertész, Vladimír ; Kohajda, Michael (advisor) ; Sejkora, Tomáš (referee)
The Effects of the Financial Crisis on the Regulation of Financial Markets with a Focus on Securitization Abstract The thesis investigates the influence of the financial crisis on financial markets regulation, with a focus on securitization. In its first part, it attempts to identify the causes of the financial crisis from years 2008 and 2009. It builds up the attention onto the regulatory tendencies of the 20th century from the Great Depression until the 2008 financial crisis. Then it focuses on the monetary policy of central banks, especially the FED in the USA and its influence on the mortgage market.The following part contains a brief description of the development of the US mortgage market and the start of mortgage loan securitization. The chapter of financial crisis also addresses the role of rating agencies in the securitization system and their impact on the creation of toxic assets. The main part of the thesis is dedicated to securitization, where it is analyzed its economic essence, legal definitions and process of securitization, which is further divided into traditional and synthetic securitization. In order to disucuss the synthetic securitization more in depth, one chapter is dedicated to credit derivatives. The securitization process is conluded with the release of ABS as a securitization...
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Backtesting Value-at-Risk: Comparison of selected approaches
Šedivý, Milan ; Hendrych, Radek (advisor) ; Hurt, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on the evaluation of different backtesting methods that are routinely applied to one of the most commonly used risk measure Value- at-Risk. The main goal of this thesis is to present approaches used to backtest Value-at-Risk (including an introduction to common methods associated with Value-at-Risk forecasting). These statistical evaluation methods are then applied to historical data from the years 2005 to 2010, during which we experienced two major financial crises. Afterwards, the output of our analysis is thoroughly discussed. 1
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The role of credit default swaps during the subprime mortgage crisis in 2007-2009
Lazukićová, Andrea ; Teplý, Petr (advisor) ; Vozková, Karolína (referee)
This thesis focuses on the role of credit default swaps during the subprime mortgage crisis 2007-2009 with special focus on mortgage-backed securities. In the empirical part of the thesis, three models are constructed. All of them have the same dependent variable, a mortgage delinquency rate in the 2005-2010 period, and independent variables representing various types of credit default swaps issued. Streamlined in each model, credit default swaps (CDS) were divided based on certain criteria (underlying sectors, maturity and ranking) and subsequently compared and analysed. By using the probit model, the main research question "How the probability of mortgage delinquency depends on the volume of credit default swaps issued?" was inspected. The contribution of this thesis is three-fold. First, we show that a delinquency rate of mortgages was correlated with the maturity of CDS issued (the delinquency rate was higher for short-term loans). Second, we state that the volume of subprime loans increased along with the volume of issued CDS, what contradicts to the insurance nature of a CDS. Finally, a mortgage delinquency rate was lower in the 2006-2008 period than in 2009-2011, what implies the domino effect of failing mortgages had an immense impact even after the global crisis.
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Economic and Legal Aspects of Corporate Governance with regard to the Impacts of the Financial Crisis in 2007 - 2009
Hofman, Michal ; Bažantová, Ilona (advisor) ; Seknička, Pavel (referee)
77 Abstract Economic and Legal Aspects of Corporate Governance with regard to the Impacts of the Financial Crisis in 2007 - 2009 This thesis deals with the impact of the financial crisis that occured from 2007 to 2009 on corporate governance of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, the OECD and the European Union. Even before the financial crisis, companies like Enron or WorldCom has already shown the need to regulate corporate governance but the responses to those bancrupts have not been sufficient because they could not prevent the financial crisis a few years later. The financial crisis is regarded as well as a crisis of corporate governance and the aim of this work is to analyze this crisis and its solution. The thesis is divided into 8 chapters, where the first chapter briefly gives definitions introduces the issues of corporate governance and the second chapter briefly describes the causes and course of the financial crisis. The next chapters deal with the impact of the crisis on corporate governance where the main topics addressed are compensation, risk management, practices and responsibilities of the board and the role of shareholders. The last chapter is devoted to description of corporate governance and its shift since the financial crisis. Finally, the conclusion summarizes...
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Backtesting Value-at-Risk: Comparison of selected approaches
Šedivý, Milan ; Hendrych, Radek (advisor) ; Hurt, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on the evaluation of different backtesting methods that are routinely applied to one of the most commonly used risk measure Value- at-Risk. The main goal of this thesis is to present approaches used to backtest Value-at-Risk (including an introduction to common methods associated with Value-at-Risk forecasting). These statistical evaluation methods are then applied to historical data from the years 2005 to 2010, during which we experienced two major financial crises. Afterwards, the output of our analysis is thoroughly discussed. 1
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Essays in Empirical Financial Economics
Žigraiová, Diana ; Jakubík, Petr (advisor) ; Witzany, Jiří (referee) ; Teplý, Petr (referee) ; Gächter, Martin (referee)
This dissertation is composed of four essays that empirically investigate three topics in financial economics; financial stress and its leading indicators, the relationship between bank competition and financial stability, and the link between management board composition and bank risk. In the first essay we examine which variables have predictive power for financial stress in 25 OECD countries, using a recently constructed financial stress index. We find that panel models can hardly explain FSI dynamics. Although better results are achieved in country models, our findings suggest that financial stress is hard to predict out-of- sample despite the reasonably good in-sample performance of the models. The second essay develops an early warning framework for assessing systemic risks and predicting systemic events over two horizons of different length on a panel of 14 countries. We build a financial stress index to identify the starting dates of systemic financial crises and select crisis-leading indicators in a two-step approach; we find relevant prediction horizons for each indicator and employ Bayesian model averaging to identify the most useful predictors. We find superior performance of the long-horizon model for the Czech Republic. The theoretical literature gives conflicting predictions on how bank...
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Essays in Empirical Financial Economics
Žigraiová, Diana ; Jakubík, Petr (advisor) ; Witzany, Jiří (referee) ; Teplý, Petr (referee) ; Gächter, Martin (referee)
This dissertation is composed of four essays that empirically investigate three topics in financial economics; financial stress and its leading indicators, the relationship between bank competition and financial stability, and the link between management board composition and bank risk. In the first essay we examine which variables have predictive power for financial stress in 25 OECD countries, using a recently constructed financial stress index. We find that panel models can hardly explain FSI dynamics. Although better results are achieved in country models, our findings suggest that financial stress is hard to predict out-of- sample despite the reasonably good in-sample performance of the models. The second essay develops an early warning framework for assessing systemic risks and predicting systemic events over two horizons of different length on a panel of 14 countries. We build a financial stress index to identify the starting dates of systemic financial crises and select crisis-leading indicators in a two-step approach; we find relevant prediction horizons for each indicator and employ Bayesian model averaging to identify the most useful predictors. We find superior performance of the long-horizon model for the Czech Republic. The theoretical literature gives conflicting predictions on how bank...
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