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Prevalence of obesity in primary schools pupils in Prachatice
RUBEŠOVÁ, Jitka
Obesity has become a global problem. Its prevalence has been increasing not only in the world but also in the Czech Republic. There exist two main causes of its development - imbalance between energy reception and energy expenditure. This imbalance can be explained as an excessive food supply containing improper constitution and lack of movement. However, there can also occur genetic predispositions. Moreover, obesity is connected with various kinds of health complications. It cannot cause only physical problems but also psychological, social and economic ones. Reducing of weight is based on way of living including diet and movement. Long-term preservation of this regime is difficult. Is is much better to prevent occurrence of this negative phenomenon. Prevention activities should be done even at very early age. The aim of the thesis is to map out prevalence of obesity among pupils attending second stage of basic schools in Prachatice. The graduation thesis presents a quantitative research in which a questionnaire is used as the main research method. The targeted group comprises pupils attending second stage of basic schools in Prachatice. Prevalence of obesity is found out by using Body Mass Index and all obtained data are compared with percentile graphs. The research has shown that 4,8 % of them are obese and 11 % overweighted. Higher prevalence of obesity and overweight was detected with boys. The other aims of the graduation thesis are to find out other factors which can influence obesity. The influences contributing to the development of obesity can be eating in fast foods or being influenced by advertisements presenting food products. Monitored children admitted drinking of different sweet lemonades. The thesis introduces three hypothesis. First, chidren are unaware of health risks connected with obesity. The hypothesis is confirmed. Second, obese children prefer high-energy foods. This hypothesis is not confirmed. Third, obese children lack movement. The final hypothesis is confirmed. The thesis will be provided as an information source for public, mostly for parents and teachers. All obtained information is hoped to be used for increasing interest in prevention of childhood obesity.
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Risky livestyle behaviours as a health social problem
CHYTILOVÁ, Monika
Every man influences his health by his own life style. Our health is in 80% determined by the life style. Remaining 20% is determined by other influences, inheritance {--} above all, and health care. This thesis analyses the life style of students of South Bohemian University {--} Faculty of Health and Social Studies and Faculty of Economics and is focused on negative factors e.g. drug taking, alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity and stress. The thesis involves explanation of basic concepts that are the foundation stones of this work. The first part is focused on the definitions such as health and disease, life style, prevention, health support, psychology of health and health determinants that significantly influence health of a man. Great part of work deals with risks factors such as alcohol consumption, obesity, stress and other factors that can be influenced positively by a man himself. However, individuality of a man and his will play an important role. The objective of the thesis is to survey the life style of the students of the above mentioned faculties and to compare the results. The research part of the thesis, realised in the form of a questionnaire, is focused on diet, movement, smoking, drugs and alcohol. The first hypothesis - The students of Faculty of Health and Social Studies are better informed about risk life style, than the students of Faculty of Economics {--} was proved. The second hypothesis {--} The students of Faculty of Health and Social Studies are familiar with the principles of healthy lifestyle- has been confirmed partly. The third hypothesis {--} There are no differences in life style between the students of Faculty of Health and Social Studies and Faculty of Economics {--} was proved.
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Nutrition of younger school children of age 7- 10 in district Třebíč - progress, trends, present situation
MARIÁNKOVÁ, Alena
In my bachelor thesis I deal with nutrition and eating habits. In the theoretical part I have tried to sum up by means of secondary literature the basic information on principles of healthy nutrition and principal nutrients necessary for healthy development of the organism. Meanwhile I focus on the researched group, that is school children in the age of 7-10. I further describe the historical development of nutrition from our ancestors to present day, I deal with actual trends in nutrition coming along our modern time and I describe pathophysiology of nutrition, especially obesity. The paper aimed at describing eating habits of school children in the district of Třebíč. The quantitative research method applying questionnaire survey was applied. The research was carried out among children at 6 primary schools, both in the town as well as in the villages. Besides researching the issue of eating habits of children and finding out information on their awareness and knowledge, the paper aimed at confirming or overcoming 4 set hypotheses. Based on the assessment of data two hypotheses have been confirmed and two overcome. The results of the research have shown that school children do not follow healthy nutrition principles. It has been further confirmed that children consume throughout the day empty calories that have no nutritional value. Unexpectedly the hypothesis was overcome which stated that along with the increase of inappropriate eating habits the BMI value is increasing. The hypothesis that eating habits differ in town and village was also overcome. The bachelor thesis can be used as a source of information on healthy nutrition and the right eating habits of children in general and the eating habits of the researched file of child population. It could be of benefit for parents and teachers as they have a great influence on children and ought to exercise a positive impact on children.
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Movement activities of school age kids, rating of hygiene of physical education on elementary schools
NOVOTNÁ, Jitka
In my Bachelor´s thesis I have investigated the locomotive activity in school children (ages 6-14) and I was trying to assess the hygiene of physical education in primary schools. I also evaluated the placing of PE-lessons within school schedules. I studied whether these children, who do a lot of sports, have a lower BMI, than children who spend their free-time passively. I also looked closer into the PE-lessons at primary schools and tried to assess if these children are subjected predominately to a static or dynamic load, and how much time is used for exercising. I carried out my academic research in České Budějovice, Český Krumlov and in Frymburk. In the theoretical part of the thesi,s I have examined the locomotive activity, children being overweight, illnesses and other related problems. I have described the history of scholastic physical education, dealt with the correct placement of physical education within school schedules and described how a correct PE-lesson should be conducted at school. Finally, I have described the hygienic demands upon school gymnasiums. For the first part of my research, I have used questionnaires that were distributed and filled out by primary school children. In the second part, entitled the Assessment of the Static and Dynamic Load in PE-Lessons, I have watched and assessed pupils in class. At the same time, I have also evaluated the placement of these lessons within school schedules. The results obtained from this research were compiled by using MS Excel. All three hypotheses were verified. Physical education lessons are, for the most par,t placed incorrectly within the school schedules. Those children, who exercise regularly, have lower BMI than those children who do not. Within the PE-lessons, the static load predominates over dynamic load.
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Body weight changes during calendar year\\
ŘÍHA, Jakub
This thesis deals with monitoring of development of body weight, percentage share of fat and rate of BMI of students of the University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice during one calendar year. In theoretical part I deal with characteristic of health and civilization diseases. Considering a subject of this thesis I separated obesity, one of the civilization diseases, to individual chapter. Next chapters deal with diet, drinking mode and move activity. The last important chapter is an influence of body weight on a human health. The influence of an excessive weight on occurrence of civilization diseases is described in this part. The total number of people in practical part was 105, including 41 men and 64 women. The Tanita scales was used for findings of body weight and percentage share of fat. The realized rates are recorded as figures and graphs. The outcomes show that body weight, percentage share of fat and rate of BMI don´t change a lot during the calendar year. Average months rates of BMI and percentage share of fat show that men´s and women´s body weight is in ideal value and doesn´t represent any health hazard.
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The influence of development of self-control and self-esteem in overweight reduction through yoga training for men
POSPÍŠILOVÁ, Michaela
In my thesis I have dealt with the overweight and obesity and its reduction by using interventional program lasting 12 weeks. The whole research was a part of a three-year research project called {\clqq}Positive Effects of Self-Control and Self-Esteem Development on Overweight control through Intervention of Yoga training`` and this project was supported by a grant from the Czech Grant Agency GACR No 406/05/2431 aimed at gender, age and overweight reduction, where four hundred volunteers took part. In my researching project 30 elderly men suffering from overweight and obesity of the first degree participated. I have used the interventional active plan with 15 elderly people in the experimental group from February 2008 till May 2008. The program of my diploma work focused not only on measuring the degree of overweight and obesity by using the values of BMI, BIA, and by measuring the amount of subcutaneous fat with a caliper, but also on identifying the role of Self-concept and Self-esteem and consequently on the positive influence of that on their mental and social parameters during the process of decreasing the current body weight by using yoga training and keeping healthy lifestyle. On concluding of the interventional active plan the gained results were evaluated by the use of statistic methods, which are included in the publication from doc. Krejčí, Factors of self-control and self-esteem in overweight reduction. The results proved that through doing yoga training regularly, at least 30 minutes a day, along with keeping healthy diet and practicing relaxation techniques, we managed decrease overweight and obesity of the first degree, maintained the weight and improved the mental state.
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The health and social incidences of obesity in the second school and their remedy by the help of support active program
KOCINOVÁ, Hana
This work deals with health and social impacts on overweight and obesity among second year students in secondary schools and their remedy by means of support active program. To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity was used the BMI values, waist girths, caliper, values of the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). 336 students was participated in this research and 117 students underwent anthropometric measurements. From all measured were selected 31 students with excessive body weight. Seventeen of them was included in the group Experimental (ES) and fourteen in the group Control (KS). The Experimental group was subsequently administered the intervention active program aimed at reducing body weight and positive effect on health, psychological and social parameters. Investigation was carried out from October 2005 to December 2005.
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Physical activity and healthy life style as a prevention of increasing of children and youth in selected schools in České Budějovice\\
BALOUNOVÁ, Martina
This Diploma Dissertation deals with research expressing the propotion of P.E. lessons to particular kinds of sport or disciplines. I visited eight randomly chosen schools in České Buddějovice where I tried to inspect subject of P.E. lessons in primary schools. I made a date for coming on the particular schools and asked for primary school classroom books of the school years 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 where I found out how many leesons and what kind of sport each school practised. I think P.E. lessons at schools are the only physical activities of most children nowadays. Obtained data are written down to the charts and graphs. In theoretical part of this dissertation I deal with cause of obesity, prevention of obesity, risk factors and what and how much food should be eaten.
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Risks concerning malnutrition and obesity in the nursing process
HORČIČKOVÁ, Marie
The care for nutrition of patients is given more attention these days than before. Patients with malnutrition and obesity represent a huge nursing problem in internal and surgical fields. In this thesis we focused on nursing process in clients with malnutrition and obesity. The research was quantitative, for the data collection the anonymous questionnaires addressed to nurses were used. It was carried out in internal and surgical departments and departments of follow-up care in hospitals in Písek and Tábor. 120 questionnaires were distributed, in each hospital 60, to particular departments 20. 95 (100 %) questionnaires were used for the research. In the thesis seven objectives were stated. The objectives were focused on carrying out the nursing process in clients with malnutrition and obesity, the most frequent nursing problems in these patients and the awareness of nursing staff in the problems of malnutrition and obesity. Seven hypotheses linked to the objectives were stated. The research showed that nurses meet the clients with malnutrition and obesity in all mentioned departments. Most nurses consider the care for these patients very demanding. It is pleasant that the part of nursing documentation is nutritional screening, which is carried out during an admission of each client. Further the research showed that for these clients no valid nursing standard, which would improve nursing process, has been carried out yet. In clients with malnutrition the most frequent nursing problems are decubital ulcers and in clients with obesity sore spots. Information on the problems of malnutrition and obesity is gained at professional seminars and conferences. Nursing process in patients with malnutrition or obesity is demanding and it is necessary to have a sensitive and considerate approach. The results of the thesis will be used to make nursing staff acquainted with these problems.
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The Imaging in Cases of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
DUŠKOVÁ, Radka
This thesis deals with imaging in cases of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. It mainly focuses on the diagnostic imaging using imaging modalities, such as skiagraphy,skiascopy, ultrasonography, computer telegraphy and magnetic resonance. The objective of this thesis was to determine the characteristic and specific qualities of various diagnostic procedures of a radiological assistant when imaging patients suffering from obesity and the metabolic syndrome, especially when a contrast medium is used during the treatment, and then to compare the diagnostic possibilities of imaging when different imaging modalities are used. The theoretical part describes obesity and the metabolic syndrome, with the special focus being done on their possible extent and resulting complications. Theimaging modalities do not image obesity and the metabolic syndrome as such, but deal with the diagnostics and the treatment of various illnesses caused by metabolic dysfunctions. The issue of diagnostic imaging is complicated by the differences in methods caused by the use or non-use of ionizing radiation. The increased risk of complications during the treatment of patients suffering from obesity and the metabolic syndrome can be caused by the use of a contrast medium, which is mostly used in diagnostic imaging and it is also sometimes used in therapeutic imaging, such the invasive treatment of the cardiovascular system. For this reason, this issue has also been dealt with in this thesis. The practical part contains an evaluation and a comparison of 100 questionnaires that have been filled in by randomly selected patients of the Radiological Department.The questionnaires were anonymous and those questions were created so as to determine the prevalence of obesity in the investigated sample, which would then provide information about the possible complications that can occur during an examination which have been caused by obesity and the metabolic syndrome. After completion of the questionnaire by these patients, I also participated in their examination and verified my presupposed hypothesis in practice. The results of the questionnaire research and the participation in the examination of respondents confirmed my hypothesis that imaging in obesity and the metabolic syndrome requires a special approach, especially when contrast mediums are used during the treatment. Attention has to be paid not only to the technical modifications of procedures in individual imaging modalities, but also to the specifications connected with organ polymorbidity and the related complicating pathological conditions. Since the prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome is increasing, it is very probable that we will meet patients suffering from this type of illness increasingly more often at the Radiological Department. This is another reason why the specificities of imaging patients suffering from these illnesses should be gradually implemented into regular radiological imaging procedures.
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