|
|
Claims and income tax
BENDOVÁ, Markéta
Claims are special kind of property. They are tangible property, where its owner has limited possibilities of its exploitation. They ae property, which is bailed to another person without compensation. Claims are interest-free commercial credit granted to a debtor. High share of claims in total circulating property can affect negatively on trend of conditions for economic activity. Claims tie sources necessary to acquisition stock needful for production or business activity. In case of irrecoverable claims is possible to reach indirect reduction their evaluation in accounting by way of adjusting items. Claims are the only property, where is creation of adjustment on fulfilment of a condition tax deductible cost. On the limiation of claim do not arise obligation for creditor to eliminate claim from the property. Creditor can willingly decide of elimination of claim anytime. On fulfilment of conditions fixed in the Income Tax Act is junk value of claim tax deductible. When the lawful conditions are not fulfiled, in the case of claim retirement is not the cost incurred by the write-off tax deductible. Here is also the possibility to transfer a debt to another person. In this way is danger of default of payment eliminated. Achievement of claim settlement is also possible by inclusion mutual claims between creditor and debtor.
|
|
| |
|
|
Collection of the debts out of consumer credits
Polach, Miroslav ; Kotoučová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Švarc, Zbyněk (referee)
The Bachelor thesis describes the whole process of collection of debts from the first day of the debtor's delay with paying-off, risk loan origination and running of out-of-court collection in the bank to eventual collection in the execution proceedings, whereas the main part of the thesis has been focused on the judicial proceedings. The thesis practically describes especially the real procedures used in solving risky and hardly enforceable debts in the banks as well as by collection and law offices specialized for this type of work, and also explains the relations between these subjects. The reader should understand, why the sides are acting in particular situations in the described way and not differently. This thesis has been written to be used as a practical manual for banks, collection offices and their employees or potential creditors, who are interested in buying some claimes. The possible debtors on the other hand can get to know some methods, which could be applied to minimalize the negative results connected with their financial shortcoming and unability to pay.
|
|
|
Running the debts in the company Enviro-Ekoanalytika, s. r.o.
WEIGNEROVÁ, Jana
Accounting terms are very important for every company in the sphere of company finance, accounting terms are claims and accounts payable. The aim of this work was detailed description of claims, then show the control system of the claims of ENVIRO-EKOANALYTIKA and propose improvements to the existing claims management system. The main reasons why claims come into existence are business relations, but they can be caused by provided deposits, loans and bank credits. Claims from business relations are necessary parts of belongings, because every businessman needs goods and services from others. A company can analyse high earnings and profit in accounting but his financial resources can be essentially different. For a company is very important to have a sufficient number of financial resources and to this a company ensures of claims and then restricts entrepreneurial risk. The ensuring of claims means that contractual partner is obliged to realise his account payable. General forms to ensure claims are for example: penal clause, liability, acknowledge a debt, bank quarantee or altitude of debt. We can divide claims in risk claims and abandoned claims. During trading a lot of profits are formed, these profits can be evoked by for example: political or economical events, announcing a financial insolvency or natural catastrophe. Between the most frequent cause of risk claims are mainly the absence of morality in business relations. If the payment of claim is not done until fixed date, the claim gets the bad debt. The only way how to anticipate abandoned claims is, that busines men do not let them come into existence. The proceedings also include claims recovery. The main objective of recovery is to get customers to pay, and as early as possible. Most companies use a standard procedure for recovery, which includes telephone reminders, terminating the supply of credit, written reminders, the transmission of judicial or extrajudicial recovery.
|
|
|
The creation and application of claims management system in a particular company
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Lenka
The topic of this thesis is creation and application of claims management system in a particular company. The aim is to carry out analysis of a current state of allocating discount range, reviewing criteria of decision process- maturity of invoices, reminder cycle, competition in a given area, assessment in various time horizons. In practice, apply own proposal of claims management system, analyze the impact of a new system on profitability and financial solvency of the company.
|
|
|
Chosen problems of the consumer protection
KANDOVÁ, Kristýna
The main aim of bachelor is finding awareness of consumers about their laws of consumer protection. The alternate target is tasked to find consumer´s knowledge about activity of products of region´s marks on territory of South Bohemia, and experience with their claim. The information was obtained by marketing research, especially by method of questioning. The part of own work contains results of marketnig research, which are presented by charts and graphs, and proposals of resolution. At the close all finding information are summarized.
|
|
|
Why People Decide for the Premature Retirement
BUMANOVÁ, Markéta
This document deals with present claims to pension payment and to amount of recognized payment, as well. It is divided into two parts {--} theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes shortly the constitution of the social state and its incomes policy. It goes on from the formation of the social security to the formation of the modern pension systems. This document outlines history of the establishment of the pension insurance in The Czech Republic since 1918. It describes trend and changes in the sphere of the claims and amounts of the pension payments. It includes newly the nominated reforms of the pensions that have been accepted partly and that shall be valid from 1st of January, 2010. Practical part includes the field research via questionnaire. Respondents (clients of the District administration of the social security in České Budějovice who inform themselves or who ask for the premature old age pension) answer the questions concerning their motives that result in applying for the claim. Practical part shows clients´ motivation that entail the retirement before the legitimate claim for the pension payment comes on.
|
|
|
Work with claims of selected entrepreneurial subject
WEIGNEROVÁ, Jana
Accounting terms are very important for every company in the sphere of company finance, accounting terms are claims and accounts payable. The aim of this work was detailed description of claims which are parts of belongings of any company. The work has two parts, theoretical and practical part. Practical part predominate in this work, the main themes are claims, their operating,ensuring and debt recovery. In the practical part I describe claims of MICo company and I made my own project how to deal with claims. The main reasons why claims come into existence are business relations, but they can be caused by provided deposits, loans and bank credits. Claims from business relations are necessary parts of belongings, because every businessman needs goods and services from others. A company can analyse high earnings and profit in accounting but his financial resources can be essentially different. For a company is very important to have a sufficient number of financial resources and to this a company ensures of claims and then restricts entrepreneurial risk. The ensuring of claims means that contractual partner is obliged to realise his account payable. General forms to ensure claims are for example: penal clause, liability, acknowledge a debt, bank quarantee or altitude of debt. We can divide claims in risk claims and abandoned claims. During trading a lot of profits are formed, these profits can be evoked by for example: political or economical events, announcing a financial insolvency or natural catastrophe. Between the most frequent cause of risk claims are mainly the absence of morality in business relations. If the payment of claim is not done until fixed date, the claim gets the bad debt. The only way how to anticipate abandoned claims is, that busines men do not let them come into existence. MICo, spol. s.r.o. divides debts into short-term and long-term claims. The term of expiration of claims is established at intervals 14 {--} 45 days, it depends on which customer it is. The company of MICo tryes to aviod claims after maturity, therefore MICo makes use of ensuring claims as a penal clause, debt approval, bank quarantee or deposit. In conclusion, I would like to recommend to any company to have an evidence of claims and pay attention mainly to a prevention of claims because the ambit of czech legislation for a protection of rights of an accounting payee and the recovery of claims is generally regarded as deficient. Bankruptcy proceedings is slow and ineffective. During the competition accounting payees have small or even no rights and basically they are degraded inactive role and therefore the whole bankruptcy proceedings is regarded as a paradise for debtors.
|
|
|
Management system of active debts
HESSOVÁ, Zuzana
The subject of the diploma thesis is a management claim system. The aim of this work is surveying methods works with claims and giving well-arranged and integrated/coherent view of possibilities their assurance from points of law, accounting and tax, solutions of problem minimization bad debts/uncollectible accounts, of issue of the claim´s delimitations duties and responsibility. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis has been occupied of common delimitation of claims, it means their characteristics, the rise and the valuation, classification, accounting record and inventory; the claims after time-limit, the possibilities claims assurance, the items of correction, the claim´s depreciation and their cede. The practical part of my diploma thesis is made in the Oknoplastic company Příbram. The introduction of the practical part is intented on a characterization of this company, next sections are devoted to the analysis particual claims group, which are filling by company, to their assurance, items of correction and depreciations. The practical part is finished by proposal to improve system of claims management in the Oknoplastic company s.r.o.
|
|
|
Retail loan repayment analysis using generalized linear models
Šolc, Michal ; Jarošová, Eva (advisor) ; Forbelská, Marie (referee)
This Diploma thesis concern with generalized linear models and their application in bank practice. Especially to analyze retail loan repayment. First of all we see into theoretical viewpoint of generalized linear models. We shortly try to summarize problems of clasical linear model restrictions and after that we apply to theory on which generalized models are based. We introduce an overview of generalized linear models and after that we concern models, where dependent variable have multinomial and gamma distribution in detail. Main part this thesis is dedicated to data analysis about bank retail loans repayments. In this analysis we use those early mentioned models. We try to create good statistical models on which base the risk ratio of current bank clients could be predicted. The risk ratio is measured by two main indicators, which are: "overdue time" and "overdue amount". For analysis is used statistical software SAS.
|
guest ::
