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The preparation and evaluation of intermetallic exothermic metallic blends
Mynarčík, Pavel ; Moravčík, Igor (referee) ; Jan, Vít (advisor)
During exothermic reactions a significant amount of heat is released. This heat can be further utilized for heating up chemical substances, chemical reaction initiation or welding. The first part of this thesis contains survey of thermodynamics and thermodynamics and thermochemistry of exothermic reactions, overview of commonly used exothermic processes as thermites and NanoFoil, summary of intermetallic systems and possibilites of powder metallurgy as a fabrication process of exothermic powder blends. Based on the survey part is designed experimental powder blend obtained by powder metallurgy. 18 powder samples were analysed; chemical composition was obtained by XRD and EDS analysis, on scaning electron microscope the morphology of powder particles was evaluated and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) the temperature of exothermic intermetallic reaction was determined. Furthermore a bulk intermetallic sample was sintered by spark plasma sintering process (SPS).
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Metastable alloy Ti-15Mo prepared by powder metallurgy
Veverková, Anna ; Bartha, Kristina (advisor) ; Chráska, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis focused on manufacturing and characterization of Ti-15Mo metastable beta-Ti alloy prepared by cryogenic milling and spark plasma sintering. Initial powder was prepared by gas atomization and consequently deformed by cryogenic milling (milled powder). Both initial and milled powders were compacted by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at temperatures from 750 řC to 850 řC. Dependence of microstructure and mechanical properties on the parameters of preparation was studied. During cryo-milling, powder particles significantly changed shape from ball-shaped to disc-shaped. Particles were not refined by milling, but severely plastically deformed. SEM observations showed that all prepared samples contain duplex alpha + beta structure. Volume fraction of alpha phase is significantly higher in the sintered milled powder due to increased beta- transus temperature caused by contamination by oxygen and also due to easier alpha phase precipitation caused by refined microstructure. Maximum microhardness of 350 HV was achieved for both types of sintered powders. High microhardness of sintered initial powder can be attributed to formation of omega phase during cooling, while sintered milled powder is strengthened by refined microstructure and small alpha phase precipitates. Cryogenic milling prior to...
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Preparation and Characterization of Porous Magnesium Based Materials
Březina, Matěj ; Pacal, Bohumil (referee) ; Vojtěch, Dalibor (referee) ; Ptáček, Petr (advisor)
Bulk magnesium materials produced nowadays via powder metallurgy are based on a vastly extensive technological spectrum, which makes it possible to create a wide range of materials. This work focuses on the preparation of bulk materials from magnesium powder by cold pressing and hot pressing, sintering and field assisted sintering. The bulk materials were prepared in a series of compacting pressures from 100 MPa to 500 MPa and the sintering temperatures were selected in the range of 300 ° C to 600 ° C in order to characterize the influence of the manufacturing conditions and technology on the final properties of bulk materials. Prepared materials were evaluated in terms of microstructure, hardness, microhardness, three-point bend test, and fractography. From the hot pressed materials, the samples prepared at 400 and 500 MPa and 400 °C had the highest strength and hardness. The classic sintering of magnesium in the furnace with argon atmosphere proved to be ineffective due to the oxide layer on the surface and the presence of oxygen in technical argon. The SPS sintering (Spark Plasma Sintering) was the more effective with the lower applying pressure used to make the preforms and with the higher applied pressure during the SPS process itself. Highest strength and hardness were achieved in this case of materials sintered at 600 ° C prepared from free powder and the most porous preform (100 MPa). The bulk materials were prepared using all methods used, but the properties of these materials varied considerably depending on the technology used.
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Advanced aluminium alloys prepared by powder metallurgy and spark plasma sintering
Molnárová, Orsolya ; Málek, Přemysl (advisor) ; Haušild, Petr (referee) ; Vojtěch, Dalibor (referee)
Mechanical properties of aluminium alloys highly depend on their phase composition and microstructure. High strength can be achieved among others by introduction of a high volume fraction of fine, homogeneously distributed second phase particles and by a refinement of the grain size. Powder metallurgy allows to prepare fine grained materials with increased solid solubility which are favourable precursors for further precipitation strengthening. Gas atomization was used for the preparation of powders of the commercial Al7075 alloy and its modification containing 1 wt% Zr. A part of gas atomized powders was mechanically milled at different conditions. Mechanical milling reduced the grain size down to the nano-size range and the corresponding microhardness exceeded the value of 300 HV. Powders were consolidated by the spark plasma sintering method to nearly fully dense compacts. Due to a short time and relatively low temperature of sintering the favourable microstructure can be preserved in the bulk material. The grain size of compacts prepared from milled powder was retained in the submicrocrystalline range and the microhardness close to 200 HV exceeded that of the specially heat treated ingot metallurgical counterparts. The prepared compacts retained their fine grained structure and high...
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Preparation processes of Mg and Ca based powder materials
Jakůbek, Zdeněk ; Březina, Matěj (referee) ; Hasoňová, Michaela (advisor)
Bachelor thesis is focused on preparation of Mg-Ca material prepared from magnesium powder and calcium particles by hot pressing. Materials were characterized by microstructure and physically-mechanical properties. The influence of pressing temperature and the influence of calcium content was evaluated from final material properties. Obtained results serve to optimize these parametres.
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Electrochemical corrosion characteristics of Mg-Zn systems prepared by powder metallurgy
Kotek, Jakub ; Hadzima, Branislav (referee) ; Fintová, Stanislava (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with evaluation of electrochemical corrosion characteristics of Mg-Zn systems prepared by powder metallurgy in SBF solution. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze the influence of chemical composition, achieved structure and parameters of the process of production of Mg-Zn systems on their electrochemical corrosion characteristics. The basic electrochemical properties of the prepared materials will be evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In order to clarify the mechanism of corrosion of materials, the immersion tests will be used, accompanied by metallographic observations.
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Zn and Mg based bulk materials for biomedical applications
Ryšťák, Jaroslav ; Fintová, Stanislava (referee) ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor)
Topic of the diploma thesis is Zn-Mg bulk material preparation by powder mixtures sintering at hot pressing. Structure, porosity and physically mechanical properties of prepared bulk materials were evaluated. Obtained results and their interpretation were served as feedback for following optimization of individual processing parameters of bulk materials preparation. Solution of diploma thesis is focused on study and control of processes during bulk material preparation and processes description from physical-chemical point of view with respect to structure creation and final material properties.
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Morphology and hardness of particles of titanium powder prepared by cryogenic milling
Ibragimov, Ilya ; Stráský, Josef (advisor) ; Janeček, Miloš (referee)
The effect of cryogenic milling on morphology and microhardness of titanium powder was investigated. Initial powder of commercially pure titanium was subjected to cryogenic milling in liquid argon (LAr) using two different milling speeds. Prepared powders were subsequently cleaned by ethanol. The cleaning procedure was done in two ways: in the air and in the inert atmosphere in the glovebox. Particle size and morphology were investigated my scanning electron microscopy and subsequent automated image analysis. Microhardness of powder particles was determined by Vickers hardness measurement using small loads. The milling did not cause significant powder refiniment, while the shape of powder particles changes substantially. Milling speed affected particle shape and powder contamination. Application of stearic acid as the processing control agent prevented cold-welding of powder particles, but contaminated the powder by oxygen and hydrogen. Stearic acid could be successfully removed by cleaning in ethanol. The using of glovebox for cleaning did not have significant effect on the resultiing contamination.
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In-situ Synthesised Intermetallic Compounds in Powder Materials
Hanusová, Petra ; Novák, Pavel (referee) ; Skotnicová, Kateřina (referee) ; Dlouhý, Ivo (advisor)
The mechanical treatment of solids is one of the most common and widely used operations. The volume of solids subjected to chemical treatment is very large too. Therefore, combining these two ways into one seems to be a logical solution. This method is called the mechanochemical processing of materials. Processing materials in this way has many advantages. On the one hand, this processing is economically as well as technologically feasible. Even the materials that not react together in conventional way can be prepare in this way. The mechanochemistry/mechanochemical synthesis utilizes the mechanical energy to activate chemical reactions and structural changes. The aluminothermic reduction reactions induced by the high – energy ball milling are gaining importance because of the potential applications like the synthesis of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline in – situ metal matrix composites. The mechanical activation of the chemical reactions by high energy ball milling often changes the reaction mechanism and produces metastable materials. Changes of reaction mechanisms during mechanical alloying on four different systems were studied. The system was based on this composition: Al - B2O3 - X (X = C, Ti, Nb, Cr). The possibility of another in – situ reactions during spark plasma sintering process (SPS) was also investigated. All systems were mechanically alloyed under the same conditions. After alloying, on each system scanning electron microscopy was performed and qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction. The indentation hardness and the indentation modulus of elasticity were evaluated using nanoindentation. All analyzes were performed after mechanical alloying as well as SPS and the results were compared to each other. Based on the results, a change of reaction mechanisms was proposed for all systems. It has been found that metal matrix composites are formed and, when chromium is used, hybrid composite material reinforced with intermetallic phase and aluminum borate has been developed.
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Titanium and titanium alloys prepared by cryogenic milling
Kozlík, Jiří ; Stráský, Josef (advisor) ; Janeček, Miloš (referee)
Ultra-fine grained materials are presently thoroughly investigated due to their enhanced mechanical properties. Cryogenic milling is one of the severe plastic deformation methods, which allow production of these materials. Titanium powder was processed by cryogenic milling in liquid nitrogen and argon and consequently consolidated via spark plasma sintering method. In this work, the influence of milling conditions (liquid nitrogen vs. liquid argon, material of balls, duration and speed of milling, usage of stearic acid) on size and shape of powder particles, contamination and mechanical properties was investigated. Particle size reduction was generally not observed, while their morphology changed significantly. Using liquid nitrogen as a cooling medium leads to strong contamination of prepared material and consequently to its hardening and embrittlement. Stearic acid supresses cold welding of particles during milling and enhances its efficiency. It is possible to eliminate stearic acid from powder by cleaning in acetone before sintering, to prevent contamination of processed material. Microhardness increased, depending on milling efficiency (in liquid argon), from original 178 HV to 200-300 HV range. Increase of yield and ultimate stength was observed in compression tests while maintaining ductility....
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