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Signal transduction in olfactory sensory neurons of vertebrates and tools for the computer simulation
Beneš, Martin ; Zápotocký, Martin (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is summing up the information about olfactory transduction of vertebrates. This review is divided into four parts, each part focuses on a different aspect of olfactory transduction. First there is an overview of basic electrophysiological methods used for transduction research, followed by a description of a complete transduction on a molecular level. Next is a summary of model types and their use in olfactory transduction simulation, including a detailed description of two models: One of them describes the beginning of olfactory transduction, from the odorant binding on the receptor to the cAMP production, the other deals with the negative feedback of Ca2+. Finally there is an overview of software products designed to create and analyze the models from the preceding section.
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Mapping of water quality in Prague creeks with GIS
Thompsonová, Tereza ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
This thesis is focused in using of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for mapping water quality in Prague creeks. The theoretical section focuses in a description of GIS and selected GIS projects (SWAT, ZABAGED) including a description of using GIS abroad. Working processes of chemical analyzes required to determine water quality and pollution sources in the area of urbanized basin are explained in the task. The practical section is focused in processing of data, especially mapping of selected creeks and sampling profiles using GIS. Obtained data is processed in tables and charts and used in correlation analysis. A purpose of the project was to demonstrate a possibility of GIS for modelling basin and its parameters.
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Effect of selected physical-geographical factors on the snow accumulation and snow melt
Pevná, Hana ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Langhammer, Jakub (referee)
Effect of selected physical-geographical factors on the snow accumulation and snow melt Abstract: This master thesis analyzes the influence of physical-geographical factors on spatial distribution of snow water equivalent, and its evolution. In this work, emphasis is placed on describing the influence of vegetation, aspect and altitude. Measurement was carried out in experimental catchments Zlatý Brook and Bystřice River in western part of the Ore Mountains in winters 2008/2009, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. To evaluate the influence of these factors on value of snow water equivalent there was used one of the methods of multivariate statistical analysis - cluster analysis. The research shows that the greatest influence on the distribution and evolution of snow water equivalent in the experimental basins has vegetation and some dependency was proved also between the points of southern exposure. The measurement results demonstrate the suitability of cluster analysis for analyzing the data of point values of snow water equivalent. On the other hand the results showed the main limits of this method, especially the need for a large number of points with different characteristics. The results of measurements and statistical analysis are compared with results published in technical literature. Keywords: snow...
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Generování vlasů interpolací
Šik, Martin ; Křivánek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kolomazník, Jan (referee)
This thesis describes a procedural hair generator that is able to generate hair from just a few hairs, called hair guides, which are directly modeled by a 3d artist. The procedural hair generator is a part of Stubble project -- a tool for hair modeling in Autodesk Maya. The procedural hair generator can generate hair during rendering, thus avoiding storage of hair geometry in a scene file, which makes the rendering process very efficient. Furthermore, hair can be generated interactively and displayed by OpenGL during modeling in Maya. Generated hair geometry is mainly defined by interpolation from the mentioned hair guides; however it is also influenced by many hair properties. These properties can change hair geometry using noise functions, define hair color, width and more. To determine hair root positions on a given triangular mesh I use my own mesh sampling algorithm that generates random samples on a triangular mesh according to a density defined by a 2-dimensional texture. My sampling algorithm uses an innovative way of sampling from a discrete probability distribution, which can be used in other applications than mesh sampling.
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Study of vadose zone in northern part of Moravian Karst
Gregorová, Anita ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Kamas, Jiří (referee)
This study is focused on the flow through the uppermost part of the unsaturated zone in karstified areas. The information about distribution of transit times and chemical reactions taking place in the unsaturated zone is based on isotopic and chemical composition of cave dripwaters, precipitations and water caught by gravitation lysimeters. The water balance was calculated using measurements of intensity of dripwaters and amounts of water caught by lysimeters and rain gauges. The velocity of a hydraulic shockwave between monitored objects was also estimated according to the delay between significant precipitation event and dripwater intensity increase. The field study took place in the Němcova 1 cave in the northern part of Moravian Karst, near the village Suchdol. It was carried out during the hydrological year 2010/2011. The cave is about 13 m under the surface. The information about composition of overlaying rock above the cave was obtained using geoelectrical and electromagnetic measurements. Studied geological environment is built of 0.5 - 1.5 m of soil, 0.5 - 3.5 m of epikarst and a layer of massive limestone as thick as 10 m. About 70 to 90 % of dripwaters have residence time over 4 years. The distribution of transit time of younger water can be described using the exponencial model (well...
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Phobia and fear evoked by snakes
Průšová, Lucie ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Maresova, Jana (referee)
The fear of snakes is deeply within humans and primates from past times, when snakes were the first predators known to humans and primates. Snake is negative incentive for humans, humans are even able to note this stimul earlier than neutral ones or other kinds of stimuli, and moreover the brain is able to note this stimuli unconsciously (even though this stimuli is masked). The fear of snakes is very interesting topic, which can be investigated in the case of humans as in the case of animals. In the case of humans, there are more methods to be used to investigate it. These are questionnaires, tests with living snakes, furthermore pictures and photographs with snakes. The tests with living snakes serve to find out the intensity of phobia and if it is possible to decrease or suppress this phobia by contact with snakes and change in thoughts. The fear can be gained by a lot of manners. These are classical conditioning, modelling, negative information and non-associative fear acquisition. The specific question to be solved in this paper is the fear of coralsnakes and their mimics as with these the human has the shortest co-evolution. Key words: Fear of snakes, measuring of fear, classical conditioning, modelling, negative information and non- associative fear acquisition, coralsnake, mimic
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Snow water content modelling in small catchments
Němečková, Klára ; Daňhelka, Jan (advisor) ; Bercha, Šimon (referee)
Title: Snow water content modelling in small catchments This work deals with modeling of amount of snow cover, snow water equivalent, respectively, on an experimental catchment in the Jizerské hory Mts. Measuring and modelling of the snow cover is an important part of water management practice from the perspective of reservoir operation and flood management. The first part of this thesis describes physical-geographical characteristics of the Jizerské hory Mts.especially from the climatological and hydrological point of view but also other charakteristics and conditions that may affect the dynamic of snow accumulation and melting are described with detailed focus on the experimental catchment of Černá Desná river - Jezdecká. Two modelling approaches were applied to simulate snow water equivalent (SWE) based on observed precipitation and temperature. Beside the well knowen SNOW17 model a simple method based on heat index was developed in this work and its parameters were calibrated based on measured timeseries of daily average air temperature, daily precipitation and observed SWE for winter periods 2001 to 2009. Both methods provided reasonably accurate estimates of SWE over the tested period, however it was found that the results for winters with extreme conditions (very warm or very cold) are less...
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Mathematical models of effects of selected factors on photosnythesis for highschools
Cinibulková, Renata ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tichá, Ingrid (referee)
The goal of this Master thesis was development of teaching materials that are focusing on mastering the fundamentals of mathematical modelling on the examples of photosynthetic processes and influence of selected environmental factors on these processes. Developed models of photosynthetic response to select environmental factors, worksheets, methodical manuals and other supporting materials belong to the teaching materials for secondary schools and serve as a basis of work with models. This teaching materials are aimed to introduce modelling and its significance not only in science but also in education. The present thesis was accomplished on the basis of participation of the Department of Experimental Plant Biology of Faculty of Science of Charles University in Prague in international project NSF within programme GLOBE - The Carbon Cycle. The present thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part includes a literary review and an introduction to the mathematical modelling (in software Stella) that are elaborated considering the teaching purposes and serve as a theoretical background for practical part of present thesis. The chapters that deal with increasing interest in mplementing of modelling in education and with philosophical background of software...
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Structural recognition of facades
Dobiaš, Martin ; Zitová, Barbara (referee) ; Šára, Radim (advisor)
We investigate a method for interpretation of facades from single images. The emphasis is on the separation of knowledge about facade structure and detection of facade elements. The interpretation task is formulated as a Bayesian inference problem of nding maximum a posteriori estimate. A stochastic model that encompasses the structural knowledge about facade elements is presented and an it is used together with an integrated classi er to determine the correct positions of facade elements. We construct a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler that solves the problem. Various improvements of the model and sampling algorithm are discussed. Finally, we propose a more general approach for structural recognition using context-free grammars that could be used for other computer vision tasks.
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Analysis of flood situation on selected part of river
Štěpánová, Markéta ; Smelík, Lukáš (referee) ; Duchan, David (advisor)
The thesis deals with an evaluation of flood situation at the area of the river Svitava in Brno throughout three different flows Q5, Q20 a Q100 and that proposes a possible solution for flood protection. Current state of the river stream is evaluated through hydraulic calculation combining 1D and 2D numerical modelling of flow rate with the use of HEC-RAS software.
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