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The circulating cell-free DNA as a biomarker of civilization diseases
Dyachenko, Yulia ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Vaňková, Markéta (referee)
The incidence of civilization diseases in the population is increasing every year due to changing environmental conditions and modern lifestyles. These diseases reduce the quality of life, lead to health complications or even death of patients. This can be prevented by monitoring health status. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) has the potential to be introduced as a non-invasive biomarker. Possible mechanisms of cfDNA release are apoptosis, necrosis, NETosis, pyroptosis and active secretion. The occurrence of these processes in some civilization diseases allows the use of cfDNA as a biomarker. The aim of this work was to summarize the current knowledge on the possibility of using cfDNA in the diagnosis, monitoring of the development and course of some diseases of civilization, namely obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke. From the available literature it can be concluded that cfDNA could be used in clinical practice for the purposes described above. Key words: Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), civilization diseases, biomarker, obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke.
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Diet at patients after total pancreatectomy
ŠEDIVÁ, Denisa
In the bachelor degree project Diet for the patients after total pancreatectomy I deal with a diet of the patients who underwent surgery called total pancreatectomy. The introduction of the theoretical part is focused on the anatomy of the pancreas and its function. The following part of the project is directly focused on carcinoma, its epidemiology, incidence, cause of the disease and also development. I also deal with clinical symptoms, treatment and pancreatectomy itself. The last part of the project is oriented towards nutrition for the patients after surgery. Further in this section, I deal with pancreatic and diabetic diet and diet during chemotherapy, which many of the respondents have undergone. As the goal of the project, I chose to look into the alimentation of the patients with this disease and to find out how difficult it is to combine three types of diet together. I focused on the observation of the intake of basic nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The practical part I compose as a qualitative research. There were 6 respondents who took part in the research. Unfortunately, only two of them provided me with their blood glucose values to evaluate their alimentation according to the diabetic diet. The result was very surprising. In relation to the seriousness of the illness, most of them ate basically without restriction. They were eating everything they wanted except sweet dishes, for example cakes and fried dishes. They just watched their blood glucose values. Despite all the experienced weight loss, their current alimentation meets recommendation and no one of them suffers from lack of any of the macronutrients according to the results.
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Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient with the Unilateral Transmetatarsal Amputation
Pěničková, Anežka ; Kučerová, Ilona (advisor) ; Valentová, Zuzana (referee)
Author: Anežka Pěničková Supervisor: Ilona Kučerová, M. A. Title: Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient with the Unilateral Transmetatarsal Amputation Objectives: The objective of this bachelor's thesis is an overview of information about diabetes in connection to lower limb amputation. It presents an in-depth case study of a patient with this diagnosis and her physiotherapy. Methods: This bachelor's thesis consists of two parts. The first part is a theoretical introduction with an overview of the body of knowledge about diabetes mellitus, its treatment, and about the diabetic foot syndrome. Furthermore, this part is a comprehensive introduction into the problem of lower limb amputation and the care patients with this diagnosis receive. The care is viewed through the prism of physical therapy, which can be beneficial also when complications associated with amputation occur. The second part offers a case study focused on physiotherapeutic care of a patient with the unilateral transmetatarsal amputation diagnosis. It includes the initial kinesiological analysis, detailed description of the therapy units, the kinesiological analysis at the end of the therapy and the evaluation of the outcome. The case study resulted from the author's practical training at the local hospital in Kladno...
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and its impact on quality of life
KUČEROVÁ, Ludmila
This bachelor's thesis focuses on children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to assess how the parents of type 1 diabetic children evaluate the quality of life in connection with their children's disease and how the type 1 diabetics themselves evaluate it. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research strategies was chosen in the research. The structured interview technique was used in the qualitative strategy, and the PedsQLTM questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. Interviews were conducted with parents of children with type 1 diabetes and with the diabetics themselves. The interviews were recorded on a voice recorder and subsequently transcribed into a textual format in an electronic version. The questionnaire was used in both the version for children suffering from diabetes mellitus and in the version for parents of diabetics. The interviews were evaluated using open coding. Codes were then assigned to individual statements. The questionnaire was evaluated using descriptive statistics. The bachelor's thesis serves to increase public awareness of type 1 diabetes mellitus and its impact on the family.
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Hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic states of prehospital care
TOLINGER, Daniel
Diabetes mellitus is a frequently discussed lifestyle disease in today's society. Therefore, I decided to create this bachelor's thesis, which focuses on acute diabetic states in emergency medicine and pre-hospital care by the emergency medical service. The aim of the thesis is to provide an overview of standardized therapy in pre-hospital care and the most common causes of acute diabetic complications that can lead to hospitalization and even life-threatening situations for patients with diabetes. This goal was achieved by collecting data from emergency medical responders from the Emergency Medical Service. The knowledge gained from this work shows that the majority of acute diabetic states were caused by patient errors, whether in inappropriate increases in physical exertion or application of exogenous insulin outside of the prescribed regimen. For successful treatment of acute diabetic states, proper and quick diagnosis is crucial, based on a well-taken medical history and the use of available techniques. Targeted therapeutic procedures help manage these conditions without serious health consequences for patients. The scientific contribution of this work lies in its comprehensive and up-to-date approach to the topic, which enables a better understanding of the issue of acute diabetic states and provides a comprehensive view of current diagnosis and therapy in pre-hospital care. This work may be useful for physicians and nurses working in emergency medicine or emergency medical responders who encounter these conditions in practice. In conclusion, this bachelor's thesis serves primarily to improve the care of patients with acute diabetic states.
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Determination of glucose by different analytical systems
ŠTECHEROVÁ, Monika
The determination of blood glucose by three different analytic systems - Abbott Architect c16000, glucometr SensoStra GL 30 Touch and the self-monitoring glucometer Contour Plus. overall 30 random patient samples were measured at four analyzers. The mesured values for the internal control quality were evaluated and the regular verifications of the methods were realized at the analyzer Abbott Architect c16000 and glucometers SensoStar GL 30 Touch.
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Diabetes mellitus and related conditions
Kurková, Simone ; Kara, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is one of the non-communicable diseases of mass occurrence. Other diseases, such as diseases of the nervous or vascular system, are often associated with diabetes itself. This thesis discusses diabetes and these associated diseases, which occur most often together with diabetes. The aim of the thesis was to describe the development and therapy of diabetes itself and the resulting oncological disease of the pancreas. Another goal was to capture the dietary habits of interviewed persons with a newly diagnosed pancreatic tumor and determine nutritional interventions depending on the diet record. As these cases were very specific, the practical part was processed in the form of a case study. The work includes 4 case studies of patients with diabetes mellitus together with oncological disease of the pancreas. Each case study also includes nutritional recommendations for improving or maintaining the quality of life and compensating for the disease. The topic of diabetes and oncological disease of the pancreas is not sufficiently explored and therefore there is a need for further research that would deal with these topics. keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus and related conditions, complications of diabetes, diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer
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Gestational type diabetes of mellitus and it´s laboratory determination
SVOBODOVÁ, Nikola
Abstract I am a medical laboratory technician working in a biochemical-immunological laboratory, and almost every week I come across the results of screening tests that reveal impaired glucose tolerance in pregnant women. Some of them are then diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. The global incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus is reported to be approximately 14% of all pregnancies and usually resolves spontaneously by the end of the sixth trimester. Of course, there are also cases when the condition persists and due to long-term consequences, besides other things, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases. (Goldmannová, 2019) Such women continue to be treated and monitored when switching to the classic diabetes mellitus disease. In my work, I decided to provide a comprehensive overview for the medical laboratory technicians, as well as to collect data on gestational diabetes in the vicinity of Nový Bor. This work aims to create an overview of gestational diabetes and risks for mother and fetus, to describe the course of screening laboratory examination and determination of gestational diabetes mellitus on its own tested group. For the last year and a half, I have monitored the conditions of pregnant women who come to our outpatient department to undergo an oral glucose test. Before the examination, I had the patients fill out voluntary questionnaires. I created the questions based on the risk factors I was looking for, which could have influenced the course of the pregnancy or the development of gestational diabetes. After an overall evaluation of the examined results from the examination and comparison with questionnaires, I evaluated which risk factors are present in women with proven GDM to a greater extent and therefore, depending on their occurrence, could lead to the development of the disease.
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Education By A Nurse In The Primary Care Of Patients Suffering From Chronic Diseases
JUNGOVÁ, Viktorie
This bachelor thesis deals with nurse education in the primary care of patients suffering from chronic diseases, specifically diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity in paediatric patients. The thesis consists of two parts, a theoretical and an empirical. The theoretical part first focuses on education, basic concepts, the process of education, design and preparation for education, implementation and evaluation. It also deals with primary care, its goals and scope, and finally education for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity in paediatric patients. The empirical part has been carried out in the form of qualitative research through interviews with nurses from GPs for adults and GPs for children and adolescents. The aim was to find out how nurses in primary care actually educate patients with selected chronic diseases. The interviews have been conducted according to pre-prepared questions in which the nurses participated. The research group consisted of five nurses from a general practitioner's office for adults and five nurses from a general practitioner for children and adolescents. The results of the research survey have been categorized into seven categories. The result of the research survey points out that education is most often carried outintheform of a short interview, recommendations and subsequent publication of information leaflets. The nurses cannot rely on whether these leaflets are effective and patients really take them home and study them. The results of the thesis can serve as an aid for orientation in the education of patients with chronic diseases. They can be beneficial to nurses in primary care and can also serve as information material for the public.
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Frequency of blood groups at the AB0 blood group system in patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus
FÜRSTOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor's thesis "Frequency of blood groups at the ABO blood group system in patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus" focuses on the issue of blood groups at the ABO blood group system and gestational diabetes mellitus. Today, the number of pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus is still growing. This is mainly due to the increasing age of pregnant women, which is the current trend. Another risk factor is an overweight, which more and more Czechs and especially Czech women suffer from, as a result of their unhealthy lifestyle. The context between the blood group at the ABO blood group system and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus has not yet been sufficiently investigated in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The main aim of the study was to determine whether there is a connection between the blood groups at the ABO blood group system and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim has been met. The results of the study show that there is no connection between the blood groups at the ABO blood group system and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. In the investigative part of the bachelor's thesis, a set of pregnant women´s blood samples was examined in laboratory examinations. The blood group from the blood group system ABO (A, B, AB and O) was identified for each woman. Pregnant women were also examined for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus - that is, whether or not pregnant women were assigned a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. The frequency of diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus at particular blood groups of the ABO blood group system was statistically evaluated, for example, using the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. The investigative results of the bachelor thesis can serve as an information source and can be used for other investigative purposes.
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