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Fotokatalytický rozklad vody oxidovými polovodiči modifikovanými grafenem/grafenoxidem
Marek, Jiří ; Čáslavský, Josef (oponent) ; Cihlář, Jaroslav (vedoucí práce)
Diplomová práce je zaměřena na téma alternativního získávání vodíku jako energetického zdroje budoucnosti pomocí fotokatalytického rozkladu vody v přítomnosti polovodičových materiálů - zejména modifikovaného a nemodifikovaného TiO2. Cílem práce jsou syntézy nanostrukturních oxidových, grafen/grafenoxidových částic a jejich kompozitů a studium jejich struktury a fotokatalytických vlastností při fotolýze vody. Produkty syntéz jsou popsány z hlediska jejich fázového složení, měrného povrchu a fotokatalytické aktivity. Základním přínosem práce je popis vlivu alkalických chelátových činidel na hydrotermální nízkoteplotní syntézu bifázového TiO2 a dále popis vlivu modifikace bifázového TiO2 grafenem resp. grafenoxidem na výslednou fotoaktivitu kompozitů.
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Study on interactions between lipase and carbon-based support
Hamrlová, Romana ; Voběrková, Stanislava (oponent) ; Hermanová, Soňa (vedoucí práce)
The thesis deals with issue of immobilized lipase, which was studied concretely from the aspect of interactions between lipase and carbon-based carrier. Immobilization of lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus (RA) was performed by adsorption onto graphene oxide types of carrier (a1, a, b, c and d) and by covalent attachment onto poly(ethylene glycol) modified carrier a1, PEG-a1. Adsorbed enzyme was additionally cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, GA(RA-a1). The influence of hydrophobic character of the carrier surface was confirmed since enzyme immobilized onto carriers with more hydrophobic surface (less polar groups) achieved higher activity retention at raising enzyme concentration. All activity assays were done spectrophotometrically using p-nitrophenyl laurate (p-NPL) as a substrate. The basic biochemical and kinetics characteristics were determined for immobilized as well as soluble enzyme. The pH optimum of covalently attached and adsorbed enzyme was shifted to more acidic environment (pH 7-8), whereas for soluble enzyme the optimum was achieved at pH 9. The thermostability of immobilized samples was significantly improved in the case of GA(RA-a1), where the glutaraldehyde chemistry was additionally involved. The glutaraldehyde cross-linking of adsorbed enzyme lead to the enhancement of the thermostability, which may be the consequence of intermolecular covalent linkage. The storage stability evaluation showed great improvement of lipolytic activity retention during the condition of the samples at 4 °C in phosphate buffer. Soluble enzyme lost more than 84 % of its initial activity after 42 days, while the immobilized enzyme onto c carrier kept still 100 % of its initial activity. The best storage stability showed the c carrier while after 180 days still kept 87 % of its initial activity.
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Effects of detergents on activity, thermostability and aggregation of immobilized lipases
Bančáková, Anna ; Voběrková, Stanislava (oponent) ; Hermanová, Soňa (vedoucí práce)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of the effect of tweens on enzymatic activity of model hydrolase both free and immobilized on carbon-based carrier. In theoretical part, structural features, mechanism of action, and specialty applications of microbial lipases are reviewed along with detergent chemistry, with emphasize on tween family of detergents belonging into non-ionic surfactant group. In experimental part, effect of tweens on soluble as well as immobilized hydrolase was examined. Immobilization of commercial preparation of lipase was performed by non-covalent adsorption on graphene oxide as a carrier treated with different tweens (tween 20, 60, 80). The activity was determined spectrophotometrically by p-nitrophenyl laurate assay. Enhancement of soluble Rhizopus arrhizus lipase activity (activity coupling of 104 %) was observed at tween 20 concentration of 10 mmol•dm-3, which is highly above critical micelle concentration of this detergent. On the base of screening study, immobilization protocol comprised the incubation of soluble enzyme at concentration of 0.1 mg•ml-1 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) with tween 20 (10.8 mmol•dm-3) and the carrier for one hour. Both soluble and immobilized lipase exhibited maximum activity at approx. 35 °C. Optimal pH of immobilized lipase shifted to 8 compared to soluble form for which pH optimum at 9 was determined. Thermal stability profile follows almost same trend for both soluble and immobilized enzyme samples. The interactions between carrier and enzyme are suggested to be mainly non–covalent (adsorption, electrostatic interactions). No protein leaching was observed under studied conditions, and significant improvement of storage stability of immobilized lipase was achieved (activity retention of 41 % after 110 days) in comparison with soluble lipase (activity retention of 16 % after 42 days).
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