|
|
Role of a nurse in the care of patients with post-puncture cephalalgia after an operation in spinal anaesthesia
KŘIVKOVÁ, Jana
The objective of this diploma paper was to answer the question whether nursing for patients after an operation in spinal anaesthesia has any effects on the occurrence of post-puncture cephalalgia and on the satisfaction of patients with spinal anaesthesia. The paper is divided into two parts: a theoretical one and a practical research one. The theoretical part sums up the current knowledge of spinal anaesthesia; it provides anatomic and physiological aspects, possible complications and the importance of nursing in this type of anaesthesia. It deals with the syndrome of post-puncture cephalalgia in detail, the mechanism of its origin, typical symptoms, its treatment, and the importance of nursing for patients suffering from this syndrome. With regard to the importance of education in nursing jobs, one chapter of the theoretical part deals with education and educational process. The research part consists of qualitative as well as quantitative surveys. The research was carried out with a group of patients who were hospitalized at the surgical and gynaecological departments of Domažlická nemocnice a.s. (Domažlice Hospital Ltd.) and have undergone an operation in spinal anaesthesia. The quantitative survey was done using a questionnaire that contained 27 questions. Seventy-eight patients, selected at random, took part in this research stage. The objective of the qualitative survey was to find out the following: whether patients were aware of the aspects of spinal anaesthesia, whether they have experienced any complications in relation to the administration of spinal anaesthesia, how have they been informed, and what was their overall satisfaction with spinal anaesthesia. The qualitative part involved 10 patients who had been divided randomly into two groups: a group with ``standard{\crqq} education and a group with above-standard education using a purpose-made brochure. A semi-standardized interview, consisting of 18 questions, was carried of with each patient. The patients in the latter group were also asked additional questions aimed at the benefit of the informative brochure and the completeness of the presented information. The former group was asked whether they would be interested in a brochure focusing on spinal anaesthesia. Based on the results of this survey, the basic research question of the paper can be answered. Nursing does have positive effects on the occurrence of complications and on the satisfaction with spinal anaesthesia. A detailed result analysis shows that patients do not feel any subjective need to be educated by a nurse and they are not interested in the brochure. Most of the patients think they are informed sufficiently and they do not want more information. However, the results of the qualitative survey into the group educated by a nurse show a higher informedness about the method, lower occurrence of complications, higher satisfaction, better observance of recommended regimen measures, and highly reduced level of stress in relation to spinal anaesthesia. The educative brochure was accepted by the educated patients as beneficial and useful. Based on the above-listed results, the informative brochure, being an integral part of this paper, will be introduced as a standard education tool for patients undergoing an operation in spinal anaesthesia at Domažlická nemocnice a.s.
|
|
|
Perspective as structural common of nursing
POLÁKOVÁ, Lenka
Perspective and structural elements, as the pivotal part of a scientific analysis of nursing as a field of study, helps categorize and sort the above individual items into logical units. This thesis aims to contribute to the scientific grasp of the dynamics of selected factors and development trends in nursing. Starting from the above terms, we will be dealing with perspective and its structural impacts on nursing, with the main focus on the analysis of selected factors of influence and their potential use for the examination, view and implementation of individual steps in the further development of nursing.
|
|
| |
|
|
The care of a sickbed as a nursing problem.
PŘÍHONSKÁ, Lucie
Taking care of beds is part of nurses{\crq} everyday work. The way a bed looks influences the patient{\crq}s physical and mental state. Care of the bed involves its arrangement, exchanging used bed-linen and especially disinfection, which prevents the transfer of nosocomial infections. The objectives of the thesis was to survey the way nurses take care of beds, identify obstacles associated with the care of beds, and propose a basis for creating a standard care of beds. 3 research questions were set. Research question 1: How does the length of patients{\crq} stay on the bed depend on the frequency of its disinfection in practice? Research question 2: Do nurses consider the care of beds from the point of view of the work schedule or the patient{\crq}s comfort? Research question 3: What are the most frequent obstacles in the care of beds? The research was conducted by means of a structured observation, followed by a follow-up recording in the record sheet. An anonymous questioning was conducted to obtain results. 8 nurses present in the department took part in the observation and questioning in the course of research investigation. The research set consisted of nurses in the subsequent care of the CTM Hospital a.s. in Humpolec. The investigation results let us set hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: The overall disinfection of the bed is done after the patient is discharged from the hospital. Hypothesis 2: Nurses take care of beds according to work schedule. Hypothesis 3: An obstacle in the arrangement of the bed is the lack of clean bed-linen. The investigation results may be provided to the management of the department in which the investigation was conducted. They may result in an improvement of the care of beds. A proposal of the nursing standard of the care of beds was drawn up as the result of this investigation. This proposal may serve for unifying the care of beds in individual departments. Setting principles and the overall procedure in the care of beds.
|
|
|
The support of lifelong learning register of nurses
SMOLOVÁ, Kateřina
This work deals with the issue of registration of non-medical health care workers as the system of documentation of lifelong education. Contemporary world lays increased demands in all disciplines, particularly in health care. In order to ensure provision of high-quality nursing care by competent workers, conditions for authorization to execute health care profession independently without professional supervision had to be set. And those conditions are defined by the registration system specified by law. Our goal was to ascertain the practical nurses{\crq} opinions on registration. To find out what the influence of registration on further nurse education is and to map what prevents nurses from education. To ascertain which forms of lifelong education are preferred by nurses and whether the employer supports nurses in lifelong education and in what manner. We selected quantitative research to process such information. A questionnaire for nurses was drawn up for data collection and 106 respondents reacted to it. The research showed that nurses prefer passive participation in events like seminars and conferences in education. Most nurses think that it is necessary to educate themselves in their discipline. Further we have found out that more than a half of the nurses inquired want to have general knowledge and educate themselves also in other disciplines than their specialization. Most inquired nurses have stated that they educate themselves more frequently than before the introduction of registration. The biggest obstacle for nurses consists in financial and time demandingness of the educational events.
|
|
|
Problems for ensurance of treatment and illpersons´needs who are treated in a hospital for a long time or at home-care as seen by nurses
GUIDOVÁ, Hana
Abstract The objective of nursing care is to maintain an individual self-sufficient for as long as possible, to improve their quality of life and to provide orientation or life programme in psychical and social activities. A need arises from a feeling of insufficiency or excess in biological, psychological, social or spiritual fields. This thesis addresses the issue of provision of nursing care and satisfaction of patients{\crq} needs in sanatoriums and in home care from the view of nurses. The thesis comprised quantitative research made by means of questionnaires completed by 64 nurses from 6 addressed sanatoriums and 9 home-care agencies. The bachelor{\crq}s thesis attempted to ascertain opportunities for provision of health care and satisfaction of lower and higher needs. Three hypotheses were raised. The first hypothesis was focused on nurses providing home care and claimed that they provided their clients with more comprehensive nursing care. The results of the research have confirmed this hypothesis. Nurses from home-care agencies provide professional health care and satisfy lower and higher needs at the same time. Nurses working in sanatoriums satisfy lower and higher needs less than nurses providing home care. The second hypothesis addressed influence of the type of organization on satisfaction of clients{\crq} needs. This hypothesis has been confirmed by the results of the research. Nurses providing home care have more room to meet the needs than nurses working in sanatoriums. The third hypothesis concerned the question whether nurses providing home care have more room for satisfaction of higher needs than nurses in sanatoriums. This hypothesis has also been confirmed on the basis of the results. The research revealed that a part of nurses working in sanatoriums have little time for satisfaction of lower and higher needs. Regrettably, the answer that satisfaction of these needs is not necessary and even if it was, there would not be time for that was not exceptional. An approach to nursing care and patients{\crq} needs has been undergoing continuous development. What used to be sufficient in former times is not sufficient at present. I believe that it would be useful for nurses to recommend them making use of education to a larger extent. They should realize the needs arising from illnesses since satisfaction of these needs is a part of the therapeutic process. I would also recommend that heads of sanatoriums and home-care agencies should obtain more quality compensation equipment and modern medical supplies, and consider the number of nursing staff as compared to the number of treated clients since provision of quality nursing care is the aim of every nurse.
|
|
|
Educational methods in surgical branches
KADLECOVÁ, Iveta
Educational processes in surgical branches include not only remote or direct client´s education before an operation or after an operation but also the client´s preparation for check {--} ups.In my work there were two objectives. Objective 1 : to find out whether clients hospitalized in the surgery ward are educated by surgical nurses. This objective has been determined. Nurses educate clients during hospitalization in a surgery ward. Objective 2: to find out educational processes used by nurses in the surgery ward. This has also been determined. Nurses use mainly interviews, practices, booklets, prospectuses, handbooks. There were set two hypotheses:Hypothesis 1: I suppose that nurses in surgical branches educate clients hospitalized in the surgery. This hypothesis has been confirmed. Hypothesis 2: I assume that nurses in surgical branches use mostly interviews as the educational process. This hypothesis has been also confirmed.
|
|
|
Decontamination of devices in nursing practice
SMÍTKOVÁ, Šárka
Term ``decontamination{\crqq} is defined as a set of measures which constitutes killing or removal of microorganisms from the environment and items regardless of the degree of reduction of the germs quantity. Decontamination forms an integral part of nursing practice, preventing transfer and spread of infections. The qualitative research was conducted in the internal medicine ward of Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. by the method of a non-standardized interview, supplemented by structured observation. The research set comprised eight nurses. The interview consisted of 11 questions and the observation was divided into six units. Four objectives were set. Objective 1: to ascertain what devices are decontaminated in the nursing practice; objective 2: to ascertain who prepares solutions intended for decontamination of devices in the ward; objective 3: to ascertain in what manner decontamination of devices is conducted; and objective 4: to identify the most frequently used decontamination preparations. On the basis of these objectives the following research questions were raised: What devices are decontaminated in the internal medicine ward most frequently? How is preparation of decontamination solutions secured? How do nurses proceed in decontamination of devices? What preparations are used for decontamination? On the basis of the in-depth interview and observation it was ascertained that plastic devices are decontaminated in the ward, most frequent being urinals, bedpans, vomit bowls, working surfaces, tableware used by patients and surgical tools. The solutions intended for decontamination are prepared by nurses and sanitation staff following the recommended procedure but not observing exact dosing of the disinfectant. When decontaminating devices, the nurses use a two-stage decontamination procedure. The decontamination preparations most frequently used by the nurses are 0.5% Persteril and Presept tablets. The results of the research will be provided to the ward where the research was conducted. As an opportunity for improvement, I propose holding a session of a small group of nurses in order to interact on the topic of decontamination of devices and to repeat the principles stipulated in the hospital standard so that the nurses realize what mistakes they make and what consequences may follow from the mistakes both for them and their patients.
|
|
|
THE ASPECTS OF THE WORK OF NURSES- DEMOTIVATING ELEMENTS WITHIN THE WORK OF NURSES
HEPLOVÁ, Monika
The present paper deals with aspects of the profession of a nurse and the demotivating elements in the profession which makes up the most numerous group in the health care system. The mission of a nurse in the society is to help individuals, families and groups to satisfy their actual needs and to reach their maximum physical, mental and social possibility in agreement with the environment that she lives in. The system of providing health care is changing as well as the relationship of the society to health care workers. General nurses undertake responsibility for direct provision of nursing care, they work independently and they are responsible for the provided care. Their role changes to a full-value team member, to a physician's partner in performing the profession. We were interested in how nurses perceive the change. What are the biggest demotivating factors in the profession and on the contrary what is the motivation not to leave this demanding occupation.
|
|
|
Motivation for education of healthcare assistants with regard to their future practice
ŠMÍDOVÁ, Jaroslava
After accession to the European Union and adoption of Act No. 96/2004 Collection, on non-medical healthcare professions, changes occurred, which concern mainly nurses. These changes affect mainly administration and competences of the nurses. The act currently differentiates between and defines the procedures of secondary educated staff as procedures without special supervision and procedures with special supervision, and also defines the process for obtaining the certificate for the performance of a profession without special supervision based on the credit system. In practise this means that if the health care assistant does not achieve a higher or university level education, he/she cannot work independently without any special supervision. And it is the interpretation of the term without special supervision and with special supervision that is the subject of discussion. The nurses refuse to be responsible for the work of somebody else and present this attitude openly. The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to find out what motivates current healthcare assistants to work in healthcare and what their approach to education is, which should be an integral part of their life. There was also a discussion as to whether the information about the speciality, provided to basic school children, is appropriate for such a life-long decision as the selection of occupation. There were two hypotheses established during the investigation. H1: The pupils of the basic schools have no information about studying in Nursing Schools, H2: The students are motivated for further education and H3: The graduates of the Nursing Schools want to study in order to improve their qualification in the higher level schools. Based on a questionnaire, all established hypotheses were confirmed and the goal of the thesis was accomplished. The research was therefore successful. Obtained information may be used mainly for improving the approach while providing information to the pupils in the basic schools before their decision about the choice of profession, since the education advisers are interested in the results obtained. For teachers in the secondary schools, this knowledge will be useful to improve motivation of students for future professions
|
guest ::
