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Specifics of the radiodiagnostic examinations in the Hospital of Pelhřimov, p.o.
CHADIMOVÁ, Tereza
Nowadays, sciascopy examinations are increasingly being replaced by other examination methods, which include especially CT examinations, and therefore their number is gradually decreasing. The first goal of the bachelor thesis entitled "Specifics of radio diagnostic examinations in Pelhřimov Hospital, allowance organization", is to describe the history of the radio diagnostic department in Pelhřimov Hospital, allowance organization. The second goal is to analyze trends in imaging methods with a focus on Pelhřimov Hospital, allowance organization, between the years 2009-2018. In the theoretical part I mentioned the history of the radio diagnostic department in Pelhřimov Hospital, allowance organization, and I described contrast agents, their use and distribution. The largest part was devoted to the description of radio diagnostic devices used in Pelhřimov Hospital, allowance organization. These include ultrasound, X-ray machine, computed tomography or skiascopic-skiagraphic wall. Another part of my bachelor thesis contains a description of examinations performed on CT apparatus and skiascopic-skiagraphic wall in Pelhřimov Hospital, allowance organization. For the processing of the practical part I used data obtained from Pelhřimov Hospital, allowance organization, in the form of printed operation logs, with which I created tables. I divided the tables according to the types of examinations and the individual years and compared whether the spectrum of the individual types of examinations on the CT apparatus and the skiascopic-sciagraphic wall have changed in the past ten years. The contribution of this bachelor thesis serves as a background material for the staff of the radio diagnostic department in Pelhřimov Hospital. Furthermore, it is intended to inform the public and other health facilities.
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Sample preparation and their measurement by EDS methods
Kostelník, Tomáš ; Jaššo, Kamil (referee) ; Čudek, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis is focused on preparation and analysis of samples by energy dispersive spectroscopy using scanning electron microscopy. In the theoretical the main differences between environmental scanning electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are described. There is also a description of basic knowledge regarding energy dispersive spectroscopy. The generation and detection of signals arising from the interaction of a beam of primary electrons with a sample is also explained, with emphasis on the description, generation and distribution of these signals. The experimental part is focused on sample preparation and analysis.
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Determination of the chemical composition of a brass sample by X-ray fluorescence method
Tomanová, Michaela ; Čudek, Pavel (referee) ; Vaněk, Jiří (advisor)
The fluorescence spectroscopy method is used to distinguish components in gas, liquid, or solid samples. The study is based on the parameters of secondary radiation, which is emitted by each element and allows them to be identified. The distinction between each radiation is analogous to a fingerprint. Apart from quantitative and qualitative analyses, the method can be used to determine the thickness of metal layers and alloys. Laboratory analysis has a broader range of application than portable devices, which are also available. In the laboratory, two methods of measurement are available: wavelength dispersive fluorescence spectroscopy – WDXRF and energo dispersive fluorescence spectroscopy – EDXRF. A brass sample with lead additive was analyzed using EDXRF in the practical part of this diploma thesis. An X-ray apparatus from the Leybold company was employed for the analysis, which will be used for education of lower grades at the university. A measurement station and a laboratory assignment were developed as part of the thesis, the aim of which will be to determine the chemical composition of a brass sample using the X-ray fluorescence method.
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Construction of motorized filter changer for tomographic system Rigaku Nano3DX
Maleček, Lukáš ; Nožičková,, Dominika (referee) ; Zikmund, Tomáš (advisor)
X-ray computed tomography is a technique that finds widespread application nowadays. The initial use of this technique was mainly in medical diagnostics. The achievable accuracy of this technique has been progressively improved so much that today the computed tomography finds applications even in the field of industry. It is a non-destructive method of three-dimensional imaging of the internal structures of the examined objects. The quality of the resulting CT data is influenced by several factors. One of these factors is the property of X-rays, which we use for measurements. We are able to partially alter the properties of X-rays and thus obtain higher quality CT data, without the occurrence of some tomographic artifacts. The main way how we can change the properties of the generated X-rays is called additional filtration. This work deals with the study of X-ray spectra, based on which X-ray filters are optimized, to achieve the most efficient filtration. The main aim of this bachelor thesis is also the construction and production of a motorized changer of these filters, which should cause the speeding up the process of setting the whole CT measurement and allow the development of new computed tomography techniques.
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Laser-driven hard X-ray source for imaging applications
Lamač, Marcel ; Nejdl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kozák, Martin (referee)
With the advent of high-power lasers in recent decades, a unique source of hard X-ray radiation has become availible. This source of collimated, broadband, femtosecond, incoherent and hard X-ray radiation is produced when a focused laser with intensity above 10^18 W/cm^2 collides with a gas target. The strong electric field of the laser pulse ionizes the gas and interacts with the plasma generating a strong plasma wake wave. This space charge separation inside the target generates longitudal electric fields of the order of 100 GV/m. This resulting electrostatic wakefield accelerates the electrons to relativistic velocities and causes them to travel in oscillatory motion behind the laser pulse, producing hard and collimated X-ray radiation. This thesis is focused on a theoretical evaluation and an experimental design of this laser-plasma X-ray source. Furthermore, we consider the source's unique properties for novel imaging applications.
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Spectral computed tomography: comparison of real and virtual nativ images
Širůčková, Kateřina ; Bartušek, Karel (referee) ; Marcoň, Petr (advisor)
Advanced X-ray medical diagnostic methods massively increase the radiation exposure of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the reduction of radiation and its stochastic and deterministic effects. This project compares real native images TNC with virtual native images VNC. Virtual native images are acquired by spectral computed tomography method and it is suggested that VNC could potentially substitute real native images, thereby, the total radiation dose from multiphase spectral CT would decrease. A comparison was performed by defining certain parameters that represented the differentiation of the measured and calculated values in the images. The parameters were SNR, CNR, absolute difference, relative error and they were analysed by statistical tests using p-value and correlation analysis. Another output is a database of patients with compared parameters from real and virtual native images.
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The spectroscopy study of focused short-wavelength laser-matter interactions
Burian, Tomáš ; Juha, Libor (advisor) ; Čuba, Václav (referee) ; Klír, Daniel (referee)
Title: The spectroscopy study of focused short-wavelength laser-matter interactions Author: Tomas Burian Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Science Supervisor: Ing. Libor Juha, CSc., Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague Abstract: This thesis is focused on processes occurring during and immediately after an interaction of intense short-wavelength laser pulses with matter. Extreme states of matter (warm dense matter - WDM and hot dense matter - HDM), induced by EUV/SXR/X-ray lasers of two kinds, i.e., free-electron lasers (FEL) and plasma-based lasers, were investigated by emission spectroscopy over various spectral ranges and mass spectroscopic techniques. Absorption/transmission experiments revealed an effect of saturable absorption of soft X-ray laser radiation in aluminium WDM. Then, an ionisation potential depression (IPD) in dense plasmas was investigated by means of X-ray emission spectroscopy. Results obtained with the X-ray FEL-produced plasma exhibit very good agreement with computer simulations considering the Ecker-Kröll model. Analysis of optical emission spectra (OES) supports the key role played by fast recombination processes in the ablation plume created by focused short-wavelength laser beams on the solid target...
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Radiation protection of pediatric radiodiagnostic
VÁLKOVÁ, Alena
In my thesis I deal with ionizing radiation, its origin, its effects and principles. I also deal with radiation protection and its principles, medical exposure and pediatric radiodiagnostics in terms of imaging methods and specifics of radiation protection in paediatrics. And whether all the methods used to reduce radiation exposure in children undergoing ionizing radiation are used. Part of the work is also devoted to the way of communication in this area and awareness, whether it is paid enough attention or this area is neglected in the Czech Republic.
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X-ray examination indicated at health center Strakonice depending on age
BRAUEROVÁ, Pavla
This thesis deals in theoretical part with X-rays, x-ray examinations of children and the elderly, radiation protection and medical exposure and requests for examination, the practical part drawn by x-ray examinations at the Health Center Strakonice Ltd. in the years 2010 - 2014 and conditions exhibited a request for examination in 2014. I set two aims, namely: Analyze the differences in X-ray indication among doctors depending on their expertise and age distribution of patients. Analyze the administrative formalities regarding the processing of requisitions for X-rays. To achieve the goals I have performed analysis and subsequent processing of data for the period of five years 2010 - 2014 concerning the age distribution of patients and formalites of requisitions for X-rays. I have processed statistical surveys created at the Health Center Strakonice Ltd. and the data from operational diaries and requisitions. The obtained data have been organized into graphs. There were defined two research questions: 1.Are practitioners for adults indicate substantial majority of RTG examination? 2. Are most common content gaps in the terms of the X-ray requisitions missing description of the disease and data on height and weight of the patient? At first research question can be answered in the negative and the other positive. In conclusion we can say that the X-rays still enjoys great popularity among imaging techniques due to its simplicity and accessibility. However, it is important to correctly indicate and ensure the right level of radiation protection, especially in pediatric patients.
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Fluoroscopy in Písek Hospital a.s.
VYSOKOMÝTSKÁ, Jiřina
The Fluoroscopy is nowadays increasingly replaced by other investigative methods, including CT examinations and more. Their number is currently falling slowly. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to analyze the possibilities of Fluoroscopy examinations in Hospital Písek, a.s. during 11 years (2006-2016) and potential substitution by other imaging methods. Another target was to compare the results with the statistics in the Czech Republic, which deals in particular with the total number of digestive tract tests carried out from 2007 till 2015 in all radio-diagnostic facilities. The theoretical part deals with Fluoroscopy and everything that belongs to it. It describes what X-ray radiation and its biological effects are. The largest part is devoted to X-ray techniques, contrast substances and Fluoroscopic examination. Describes parts from which Fluoroscopy is comprising. It also focuses on contrast substances, their classification and what double contrast examination is. The last chapters deal with Fluoroscopic examination, which were carried out at the Písek Hospital, a.s.. The data for a practical part of statistic evaluation was obtained from Písek Hospital, a.s. during the four months from December 2016 till March 2017, data collection was carried out in the form of printed operation report. The data was written in tables for each year separately, then divided into tables according to type of examination, sex and age. The simple abstract of the radiology activities and imaging methods for the period 2007-2015 was downloaded from ÚZIS. The downloaded data was focused only for a gastrointestinal tract radiology and a table to compares the data with the research.
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