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Solving ethical issues in radiation protection from the perspective of specialists in non-medical fields
LOTTEROVÁ, Zuzana
The aim of this work is to map the current state of the issue of the position of ethics in radiation protection and to conduct research on solving ethical issues in radiation protection from the perspective of experts in non-medical fields, who were elected radiological assistants for this work. This Diploma thesis is devided into 3 parts, theoretical, practical part and discussion. The beginning of ionosing radiation usage in medical field as well as the present of this are briefly described in the theoratical part of this thesis. There are also described biological effects of the radiation on human organism. There is also described the anchoring of the radiation protection system in the legislation of the Czech Republic and introduced the most important authorities and organizations in the radiation protection field. The theoretical part of this thesis describes the goal and principles of radiation protection and exposure situations as well. Last but not least, the role of ethics in the radiation protection system, basic and procedural ethical values are described. In the practical part, the research itself is processed and evaluated in quantitative form by a questionnaire survey using a combination of closed and open questions. The respondents of this research are exclusively radiological assistants working in three departments of three large hospitals in Prague. A comparison of the results of the research itself with my own answers is also included. It is found that the position of ethics in the system of radiation protection is clearly given. It is also proven that radiological assistants encounter ethical dilemmas concerning radiation protection in practice, as well as situations where some principles of radiation protection are directly violated. Furthermore, the most common factors that negatively affect respondents in the performance of the profession are identified. A brief summary of the research results is made in the discussion. It follows a similar study conducted among members of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Furthermore, the discussion includes some interesting situations from the questionnaire survey and several suggestions for improvement and/or change of the current situation of the researched issues in practice. The scientific contribution of this work is to identify specific ethical dilemmas that are addressed in current practice and how to solve them, as well as the identification of negative factors influencing respondents and the definition of situations that occur in practice where the principles of radiation protection are violated. Everything is examined in a relatively narrow circle of respondents.
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The Radiation load of the Nuclear Medicine staff before and after the PET/CT installation in České Budějovice
TURKOVÁ, Aneta
The thesis deals with the radiation load on the staff at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in České Budějovice Hospital Plc. Its aim is to compare the radiation load on the staff of the Department of Nuclear Medicine of České Budějovice Hospital Plc before and after the installation of PET/CT gadget. My thesis includes a hypothesis in which I suppose that the radiation load of radiation has risen after the installation of the new gadget. To meet the target and verify the hypothesis I used the data which have been provided by the Department of Nuclear Medicine of České Budějovice Hospital Plc. I put the data into charts and made their graphic design. The data show that the overall radiation load on the staff has decreased thanks to the increased protection against radiation. New protection aids and gadgets have been bought to make the application of radiopharmaceuticals easier. The result of my thesis disproves the hypothesis set before the beginning of my thesis. My thesis has provided the staff of the Department of Nuclear Medicine of České Budějovice Hospital Plc with an overview of collective dosage within six years, which I recorded. By the disproof of my original hypothesis it has been acknowledged that the Hospital and the Department of Nuclear Medicine secured its staff and started to pay more attention to the protection against radiation.
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Monitorování radioaktivity a vybraných veličin a přenos na CLOUD
CIMR, Vratislav
The bachelor's thesis deals with the design and construction of a device that is designed to measure the quantity of radioactivity - the ambient dose rate equivalent at a tissue depth of 10 mm and other selected quantities. It then sends these quantities to CLOUD, which allows them to be clearly displayed. The work describes the design of the device, its construction, programming and testing.
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Radiation Exposure of Women of Childbearing Age
SMRKOVSKÁ, Petra
The bachelor's thesis on Radiotion Exposure od Woman od Childbearing Age deals with the issue of radiotion exposure from a radiological and a radiobiological point of wiew. The practical parts deals with the implementation od radiodiagnostic examinations at individual workplaces in the Czech Republic and the regulation od these examinations by law. The theoretical part describes the use of ultrasound as a non-invasive and especially non-ionizing method of examination fo women od childbearing age. Furthermore the historical development od X-rays is described here. Another theoretical part is an analysis od the issue from both perspectives and also a description of individual laws, regulations and standards dealing with this issue. The practical part is focused on the evalution of the answers of employees of radiodiagnostic workplaces in the Czech Republic. Using the data obtained from the questionnaire processed into clear graphs, the examination of women aged 15-45 at individual radiodiagnostic workplaces in the Czech Republic was evaluated. The question was whether the examinations were performes in the same way at all workplaces. The second practical part answers the question of whether the procedures for the examination of women of childbearing age are regulated by law. The aim of this eork was to determine whether the procedures for the examination of women of childbearing age using ionizing radiation at individual workplaces in the Czech Republic are uniform. The second goal was to find out the regulation od these examination by the valid laws of the Czech Republic. The result of the research in the finding that individual workplaces proceed according to the latest information and almost al participating workplaces perform examinations under the same conditions. The answer to the second research question was negative. The reason is that all available documents dealing with radiation protection of women of childbearing age do not specify the conditions under which a women can be examined using ionizing radiation. Information from professional articles and book was used to write the bachelor's thesis. At the same time, information was obtained from verified Internet sources.
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Czech Nuclear Law
Nosek, Tomáš ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
This thesis goes into the czech nuclear law, i.e. the set of legal norms adjusting the terms of use of ionizing radiation and nuclear energy in order to ensure the protection of citizens, workers, property and environment against ill-effects of irradiation. The thesis has two main objectives. The first one is to provide a systematic insight into the corresponding existing czech legislation and its structure. To that end, the object and the subject matter of the nuclear law including the legal and real substance of its basic terms are analyzed. Furthermore, the text concerns itself with the international and european enactment, i.e. international treaties effective in the Czech Republic, organizations, in which the Czech Republic participates, Euratom and its secondary law. The role, recent importance and also original intent of organizations and treaties are emphasized. It is followed by the analysis of the existing municipal law of the Czech Republic, which is mainly inherent in the nuclear act and subsequent implementing legislation. The principles of nuclear law, framework of administration and competence of state agencies or other public institutions, character of activities within the use of ionizing radiation and nuclear energy and liability for nuclear damage are discussed. The second objective is to...
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Czech nuclear law
Künzel, Karel ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Humlíčková, Petra (referee)
89 Abstract The topic of the thesis concerns Czech nuclear law. Nuclear law can be defined as a set of special legal norms adjusting the terms of the nuclear energy and ionizing radiation usage, protection of population and environment against ionizing radiation, radiation accidents solving and treatment of radioactive waste. As such, nuclear law fully adjust the behaviour of all the natural and legal persons who are concerned with activities connected to the nuclear materials, ionizing radiation and natural resources of ionizing radiation. The field of nuclear law is closely connected to the branches of science dealing with the nuclear energy and ionizing radiation usage; therefore, the factual issues of which at least the fundamental knowledge is necessary for the understanding of nuclear law are given space at the beginning of the thesis. In its provisions, Czech nuclear law adjustment also reflect a number of international treaties and European Union regulations. On account of this, the next part of the thesis deals briefly with the international and European nuclear law adjustment. Important international organizations of the field are mentioned as well. The core of the paper consists in the part concerning the outline and analysis of the present adjustment of Czech nuclear law. The taxonomy of this...
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European and Czech Atomic Law in the Context of Energetic Law and Environmental Law (Rennaissance or Declaine)
Klobouček, Eduard ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee) ; Tomoszková, Veronika (referee)
European and Czech Atomic Law in the Context of Energetic Law and Enviornmental Law (Rennaissance or Declaine) Abstract This dissertation thesis deals with recent developments in atomic law in the Czech Republic, the European Union and in international field. In the Czech Republic, the new Act No. 263/2016 Coll., The Atomic Act, which became a public codex of atomic law, is a legislation that encompasses nuclear safety, radiation protection, radioactive waste management, shipments of nuclear materials and other radioactive sources, security of nuclear materials and nuclear facilities, radiation emergency management, radiation monitoring and non- proliferation of nuclear weapons. Atomic Act replaced the old Act No. 18/1997 Coll. in which only civil liability for nuclear damage remained in force. At European Union level, a serious development can be observed lately, when new directives have been adopted to regulate radioactive waste management, nuclear safety and radiation protection. Recently, the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage and the Annex to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material has entered into force internationally. The new Atomic Act attempted to respond to these European and international documents and to implement and transpose their demands into...
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Client´s knowlege about the ionizing radiation on the radiology department
PETRÁŇOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis deals with clients' awareness of ionizing radiation at the radiology department. Its aim was to compare the knowledge of clients undergoing examination at the Radiology Department at Strakonice Hospital and Písek Hospital in the area of ionizing radiation. The thesis includes two hypotheses, H1: The knowledge of clients undergoing examination at the Radiology Department at Strakonice Hospital and Písek Hospital in the area of ionizing radiation will be comparable. and H2: The knowledge of clients undergoing examination at the Radiology Department at Strakonice Hospital and Písek Hospital in the area of ionizing radiation will reach 75%. In order to achieve the goal and to verify the hypotheses, a questionnaire was prepared with the help of which a questionnaire survey was carried out. The results were then evaluated using the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The questionnaire contained two unnumbered questions of an informative nature and 16 questions focused on basic knowledge of ionizing radiation. In total, 700 clients from the Radiological Department of the Strakonice Hospital and Písek Hospital participated in the questionnaire survey. However, all questionnaires filled in incorrectly have been deducted from this number. According to the data obtained from the questionnaire survey, the average success rate of the answered questions was only 25%, which can be considered a very below-average result. The clients of the Radiology Department at Písek Hospital were successful in only 24% of questions and the clients from Strakonice Hospital had a success rate of 26%. The set goals have been achieved and both hypotheses were refuted. The main contribution of this bachelor thesis is the acquired picture of the state of clients' awareness of ionizing radiation at the radiology department. The obtained data can be used to improve awareness not only of clients at the radiology department, but also of the general public.
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Radiation emergencies with radiological impacts in the Czech Republic
VAZAČ, Daniel
Ionizing radiation is currently being used in many fields (radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, accelerators, flaw detectors, industry). In particular, open radionuclide sources are used in nuclear medicine departments, radiotherapy workplaces and, in industrial applications, it is usually closed radionuclide sources or so-called. Radiation generators, the main component of which is the X-ray. Of course, there is a certain risk of developing accident exposure situations. These situations are preceded by a system of radiation protection and emergency preparedness. Most of these measures can be found in the workplace internal emergency Plan document. The theoretical part of the thesis provides basic information about radioactivity and sources of ionizing radiation. In addition, the radiation protection system, the biological effects of ionizing radiation, the quantities used in radiation protection, the medical application of the IZ and the use of it in the industry are described in the work. The text of the research question is as follows: "which workplaces with sources of ionizing radiation in the Czech Republic have the greatest potential for the occurrence of an accident exposure situation with radiological implications? As a research methodology, the collection of information from professional publications with this theme was chosen. In addition, there were consultations with radiological physics at the Department of Nuclear Medicine and radiotherapy in České Budějovice Hospital, A.S. and with the inspectors of the SÚJB, where the resulting radiological incidents are reported. The work also includes a comparison of the system of radiation protection and emergency preparedness on the different types of workplaces. The practical part describes the types of workplaces that I have compared with each other. In particular, I have focused on the workplace using IZ in industry and medicine, i.e. deftoscopical workplace and Nuclear medicine workplace. The work provides an overview of the potential and occurrence of the radiative emergencies and the circumstances in which they were recorded. The aim of the work was to compare workplaces with sources of ionizing radiation and to sort them according to the possibility of radiation emergencies. A simple analysis found a more likely occurrence of a radiation incident at the workplace of industrial radiography versus a nuclear medicine site.
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Radiation safety in the nuclear medicine department
ANTONÍNOVÁ, Eva
The practice in the department of nuclear medicine requires the involvement of radiation protection with care of patients and occupational safety of radiation workers. Nuclear medicine involves the handling of radioactive substances that may cause external or internal irradiation of workers. The amount of the dose depends on the type of radionuclide, the amount of energy, the work performed by the worker within the department. Patients or staff may be exposed to the external or internal irradiation. The topic of this thesis is the analysis of the current state of radiation protection in the department of nuclear medicine according to the new legislation. The part of the work is the evaluation of monitoring of workers and patients. The research results of the average annual effective dose of total body irradiation at radiation workers ranged from 1.35 to 1.73 mSv, monthly ranged from 0.1? 0.65 mSv. The average annual equivalent dose of Hp (0,07) ranged from 1.15 to 117.68 mSw. The lowest monthly Hp (0.07) was 0.07 mSw and the highest one was 19.92 mSw. At SSK-treated patients the doses applied were 4% lower than diagnostic reference level and the dose at DSSL-treated patients was 22% less than DRU. In conclusion, it was found that the values from personal dosimeters were below the limit and in the case of finger dosimeters in two cases the values were above the examination level. The values of other workers were below the monitoring level during the monitored period. The applied doses of radiopharmaceuticals were less in the observed group of patients than the established diagnostic reference level. On the basis of the presented results it can be stated that radiation protection is in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Znojmo Hospital f.o, secured in accordance with the applicable legislation.
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