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Teaching Program on the Topic of the Respiratory System for Elementary Schools Using Activation Methods
Bašová, Tereza ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the respiratory system and its inclusion in the teaching of natural sciences. The topic of the respiratory system can be quite abstract for pupils in terms of gas exchange or overall anatomy of the respiratory system. In the context of today's time of global pandemic, is important topical topic. In the theoretical part, the thesis deals with the analysis of the problems of the respiratory system, the analysis and content of this topic in the FEP for basic education. Within the theoretical part, classical and activating teaching methods were also analyzed, which were crucial for the subsequent creation of the educational program. The aim of the practical part of the thesis was to create and verify the proposed educational program on the topic of the respiratory system at primary school. This research was carried out in the 8th grade of elementary school and the phenomenon examined was their conceptual understanding, which was verified on the basis of mind maps before, after and with a time interval after the teaching program. The results show that the educational program had a positive effect on conceptual understanding and work using activation methods has a positive effect on pupils. It is evident from the recults that the educational program had a...
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Interdisciplinary relationships in the educational areas of Human Biology and Mathematics at Lower Secondary Level
VAVRUŠKOVÁ, Radka
The main target of the diploma thesis was the creation of worksheets on the topic of intersubject relationships of natural history and mathematics, which focus on 6 topics. The worksheets link the 8th grade science curriculum - human biology and mathematics. The other target is to enable students to adopt learning strategies and to motivate them. Encourage students to think creatively, think logically and solve problems. The didactic target of the worksheets is the acquisition, deepening and consolidation of the subject matter and the involvement of intersubject relationships. Worksheets and created questionnaires are used in three primary schools for a total of 91 students, of which 49 are boys and 42 are girls. Eight research questions were asked: Do the overall evaluations of the worksheets differ between individual groups of students? Yes. The results of the tests of primary school students (pilot study) were not included in the comparison. The overall percentage evaluation of the two groups of ES2 and one group of ES3 practically did not differ (about 40 %). The difference in the average values of the results of two parallel groups of ES3 was calculated as statistically significant (p = 0.034). Are overall worksheet grades correlate statistically significantly with report card grades? Yes. The correlation coefficient in group B1 was -0.817 for girls, boys had a correlation of -0.892. In group B2, the correlation for boys is -0.765, for girls it is 0.141 (exception from the observed trend, statistically insignificant relationship). Group C1 correlation result for girls is -0.833 and for boys -0.990. In the last group C2, the correlation is -0.811 for boys and -0.962 for girls. Does the student's estimate of points obtained as a percentage correlate positively with the actual grade? Yes. In (ES1) group A1 correlation 0.569, group A2 correlation 0.664. School (ES2) group B1 correlation 0.489, group B2 correlation 0.555. School (ES3) group C1 correlation 0.854 and group C2 correlation 0.382. There is a positive correlation here. Which areas cause the students the biggest problems and which ones do they manage best? Students had the biggest problem when preparing the worksheets with the range of questions from the topic of the digestive system and anthropometry, on the contrary, they coped best with the topic of axial symmetry. To what extent do the students know the concept of intersubject relationships? 36 % of students know the concept of intersubject relationships, but do not encounter them in lessons. Would students like more cross-curricular connections in maths and science lessons? Only 11 students out of a total of 91 answered that they would like more cross-curricular connections in maths and science lessons. In the opinion of the students, can the teacher include inter-subject relationships in the teaching? He can, but only in some subjects. What is the popularity of the subjects with students (is it important to motivate and activate students)? The average popularity score for mathematics from all schools is 3.5 and for science 3.1. The feedback showed that most students found the worksheets difficult, some praised the interesting connection between mathematics and science. The feedback from the teachers was generally positive, some suggested division into smaller units always related to the discussed topic, which also corresponds to the idea of the author of the work, which could not be fulfilled for organizational reasons.
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Problematical issues of conservation biology education
ŘÍHOVÁ, Libuše
The aim of the thesis is to map the problematic places in nature conservation teaching in primary schools and to create suitable teaching material to help pupils better master these areas. The research included an analysis of school educational programmes and textbooks on natural history and geography for the 2nd grade of primary schools. The analysis involved 26 school educational programmes and 24 textbooks. From this analysis it emerged that nature conservation teaching in primary schools is defined relatively vaguely and cursorily and most often focused on protected areas or protected species. Nature conservation as such is mostly devoted to only two pages in the textbooks. Following the research of Říhová (2019), Vodehnalová (2019), Tvrdá (2016) and the analysis of ŠVP and textbooks, several topics or problematic places in nature conservation teaching were selected. These places were then verified by a questionnaire survey among teachers of the 2nd grade of primary school. The questionnaire survey, which was conducted electronically using the Office Forms application in January 2022, was attended by 41 respondents, across all regions of the Czech Republic. Most teachers said surprisingly that they consider these topics important and are devoted to them in the teaching, but probably not to the extent that it would be needed. Some say that they would appreciate a higher time subsidy in order to cover all areas of this issue. Teachers are the least devoted to eutrophication in the teaching. For the above mentioned reasons, a suitable didactic material was created, which includes all important topics in nature conservation teaching at elementary school. The research was supported by the Grand agency of University of South Bohemia GAJU 042/2022/S.
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Marine biology in Czech biology textbooks
BUŠTOVÁ, Barbora
The Bachelor thesis is focused on the analysis of marine biology in pupils' textbooks of natural history in elementary schools. The literary survey is devoted to a general characteristics of the concept of "a textbook". Furthermore, the survey is focused on the analysis of particular textbooks of natural history, especially on their content relating to marine species of animals. In the Bachelor thesis are also mentioned extended information about those animal taxa. The practical part is represented by created (by the author herself) educational sheets for elementary school pupils with the focus on the specific marine animals.
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Using CLIL in Teaching First Aid and German at Lower Secondary Level
JUNGVIRTHOVÁ, Monika
The Master's thesis deals with the Content and Language Integrated Learning in German (CLILiG) of the topic of first aid, which is part of the subject of natural history at upper primary school. Its main goal was to create four CLILiG activities and verify them in practice. The theoretical part describes the key concepts associated with the creation of activities. It focuses on the general principles, objectives, methods and assessment in the CLIL approach, which links content and language learning. Attention is paid mainly to CLILiG approach. The methodological support and connection of CLILiG with the topic of first aid at upper primary school was also analysed. The practical part is focused on the creation and verification of activities with the topics of first aid for fractures, bleeding, loss of consciousness, burns and epileptic seizures. The research connected with their verification took place during natural history lessons of Year 8 pupils at the primary school in České Budějovice. The results showed that the proposed activities increase pupils' knowledge of first aid even more than during lessons without CLIL (p = 0.043). However, the effect of CLILiG on longer-term memorization has not been demonstrated via pretest-posttest design (p = 0.072). Pupils also rated the completed CLILiG activities; they liked the didactic game First Aid the most (average grade 1.7). At the beginning of the research, a short questionnaire survey was conducted, in which pupils included in the experiment participated. It showed that pupils were interested in learning natural history through a foreign language (10% of pupils would really enjoy it, 42% of pupils would enjoy it, 38% of pupils did not know, 10% of pupils would not enjoy it). However, they would prefer the English language (78% chose English, 13% English and German). Acquisition of foreign language skills in connection with the topic of first aid is then considered important (82.6% of pupils) and useful (87% of pupils).
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Teaching about Human Endocrine System at Elementary School
KLOKOČKOVÁ, Markéta
The main goal of the bachelor thesis was to create five original didactic games on the topic of the human endocrine system for pupils of the 2nd grade of primary school. The didactic games were created in order to consolidate the basic knowledge and to acquire extension and supplementary knowledge.Teaching through the didactic games and conventional teaching were used at a mainstream primary school located in the Central Bohemian Region, in a town with a population of 1 to 8 thousand, after the consultation with the school administration and the subject teacher.The control and experimental groups were tested using pretest, posttest I and posttest II.
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Teaching Biology via playing games
KOZLOVÁ, Marcela
Bachelor thesis deals with teaching methods in natural history and is specifically focused on teaching in the form of games. The theoretical part of the work contains a description of teaching methods that are still commonly used today and further focused on a specific form of teaching - didactic games. The practical part of the work is focused on the differences between frontal teaching and teaching in the form of games.
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Cross-curricular relationships physics - biology in physics teaching in basic schools
PECHOVÁ, Veronika
My bachelor's thesis deals with the interdisciplinary relationship between physics and biology and It's teaching at the second stage of primary school. In the introduction I focus on the trend of intergrated teaching and interdisciplinary relationships in general. In my bachelor's thesis we can find individual physical phenomena from biology textbooks. In the chapter called "Analysis of selected physical phenomena in biology textbooks" I will focus on sound and light. At the end of the bachelor's thesis I also mentioned some suggestions for practical teaching in schools.
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Teaching biology and mathematics with the use of model school gardens
KOSOVÁ, Kamila
The aim of the diploma thesis is to develop an educational offer usable for outdoor teaching at upper primary schools. The interdisciplinary principles between the school subjects of biology and mathematics are applied in a series of complex tasks. The theoretical part summarizes the issues of the FEP (Framework Education Programme), also the anchoring of natural history and mathematics in the FEP BE (Framework Education Programme for Basic Education) and lastly the interdisciplinary relationships and the use of school gardens. The main benefit of this work is a development of a specific curriculum for subjects of mathematics and natural history. It consists of eight activities applicable to teaching in school gardens. However, most activities are suitable for both outdoors and indoors teaching. Individual activities include a methodological sheet for teachers and a worksheet for students. By reason of the Covid-19 pandemic, the worksheets were evaluated by fifteen practicing teachers using a structured interview method. Final versions of the worksheets were finished based on their comments and observations. Respondents' answers are included in the chapter Discussion.
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Analysis of students' results in solving of selected tasks used in the Biological Olympiad
BEJDOVÁ, Radka
This bachelor thesis is focused on the didactic analysis of selected tasks from the Biological Olympiad. It tries to clarify the success and failure of students in the district and regional rounds of the competition. Bachelor thesis also tries to find out the reasons why students made a mistake. The results of the didactic analysis are written in tables. Finally, it considers the integration of these tasks into school lessons.
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