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Modulatory mechanisms of nociceptive TRP channels
Maršáková, Lenka
Detection of painful stimuli in the periphery is mediated by temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels which are expressed in primary afferent endings of free sensory neurons called nociceptors. TRP channels in nociceptors are involved in the detection of thermal, but also mechanical and chemical stimuli. Out of seven known types of temperature-sensitive TRP channels, three are responsible for detecting painful temperatures: vanilloid receptors TRPV1 (> 42 o C) and TRPV2 (> 52 o C) detect noxious heat, and ankyrin receptor TRPA1 detects noxious cold (< 17 o C). Better knowledge of TRP channel mechanisms of action is essential for understanding TRP channel functions and ultimately for the design of potential analgesics. New findings presented in this thesis clarify mechanisms of action of TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors, focusing on camphor and voltage sensitivity of TRPV1 channels and calcium modulation of TRPA1 channels. The first topic discussed in this thesis is the mechanism of camphor sensitivity of TRPV1 receptor. Camphor is a naturally occurring substance known since time immemorial for its effective analgesic properties, yet its mechanism of action is not understood. Camphor is known to be a partial agonist of TRPV1 channel, a full agonist of TRPV3 channel, but also an inhibitor of...
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Calcium homeostasis and modulation of nociceptive synaptic transmission
Sojka, David
This study was designed to improve our knowledge regarding mechanisms of nociceptive signaling at spinal cord level. One of the forms of spinal cord synaptic transmission modulation is central sensitization, a manifestation of synaptic plasticity at spinal cord level, which was found to be present at many chronic pain syndromes. This study deals mainly with a development of calcium imaging technique with a final goal to study mechanisms of central sensitization in vitro on population of dorsal horn neurons. We have analyzed synaptically evoked intracellular Ca changes as a result of dorsal root stimulation in a superficial dorsal horn area in spinal cord slices and found two types of Ca responses: one synchronized with electrical stimulation and a second one, delayed response due to Ca release from internal stores. The delayed Ca release was not previously shown to be present in these neurons and it was not dependent on activation of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors, suggesting involvement of metabotropic receptor pathway. The presence of this delayed type of Ca response could have a significant role in the induction of some types of chronic pain syndromes, since intracellular calcium increase is thought to be a key trigger point in spinal cord neurons sensitization. An important role in neuronal calcium...
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Determination of the nutritional properties of paprika of different geographic origin
Kovaříková, Tereza ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the analysis of nutritional properties of paprika condiment with different geographic origin. The theoretical part contains botanical description of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), its chemical composition, process of production of paprika and then they are described analytical methods suitable for determination of fundamental nutrional properties. Experimental part is focused on the preparation of samples and their analysis. In total, 11 samples were selected for the experiment, 5 of them had a protected designation of origin. These samples were from Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgary, Romania, Turkey and Spain. The Soxhlet extraction was used for the analysis of the fat content, Kjeldahl method was used to determine gross protein. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was chosen to determine carbohydrates and capsaicin. Induction-coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used for elemental analysis. The results were compared with each other and with available databases and literature. For comparing and finding certain connections, the principal component analysis (PCA) was selected.
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Evaluation of taste repellents for protection of tree planting stock from deer browsing
Triner, Libor ; Kuneš, Ivan (advisor) ; Kupka, Ivo (referee)
The main goal of this thesis is to assess the efficacy of two repellent products with active ingredients denatonium benzoate and capsaicin to protect the newly established forest tree planting prior to browsing damage by wild game. Repellents were tested on two different experimental plots planted with silver fir (Abies alba). Application of repellents held in three terms and total three times were the damages, which were included in the framework of the six-rating scale, has been detected. The effectiveness of these repellents has been demonstrated already during the second term damage assessments caused by game. During the more than 14-month experiment was damaged almost 2.5 times fewer seedlings treated with repellents based on denatonium benzoate and capsaicin than untreated seedlings, serving as a control. The most common form of damage to the tree was bitten off terminal bud with little scope of additional damage. Damage to seedlings by game differed significantly even within the investigated areas. Use of repellents did not affect the physiological death of seedlings. It was justify the conclusion that most of the damages were caused by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Based on several scientific papers on the efficacy of repellent products based on capsaicin and denatonium benzoate was concluded that the main active ingredient in tested repellents is capsaicin.
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Natural drugs in cancer treatment and their cytotoxicity
Hájková, Tereza ; Raudenská, Martina (referee) ; Provazník, Ivo (advisor)
The thesis deals with the natural substances in context with the cancer disease. The natural substances have a positive effect on the human organism and they are able to influence the viability and the growth of the cancer cells. The main mechanical device is to influence the mechanisms needed to start the apoptosis of the cancer cells and stopping further proliferation. The cancer cell lines utilization in the cancer disease is discussed in the thesis too. The thesis states common methods of determining the natural substances cytotoxicity. For the experimental part of the thesis it was chosen the MTT test method and the xCELLigence system for monitoring in real time. The mechanical device of the tested substance capsaicin in application on the prostate cell lines, tumorous PC3 and nontumorous PNT1A influence will be observed within the experimental part of the thesis.
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