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The Essence of earthen Architecture in the Czech Republic
Bažík, Lenka ; Pifko,, Henrich (referee) ; Novotný,, Martin (referee) ; Žabičková, Ivana (advisor)
For ten thousand years people have used earthen building material in their homes and in just the last hundred years advanced society has gradually turned away from it due to the development of modern technology. Earth is currently of little use as a building material, but it is gradually increasing with the importance of sustainability. Earth has its place in contemporary modern architecture and this is what this work tries to point out. The research is based on the assumption that each building material gravitates with its properties, composition and also the knowledge of the builder to create a certain space. Different building materials define different spaces, different construction uses and different details. This research defined the network of knowledge with the central themes of the essence of earthen architecture by the method of grounded theory and subsequently applied the theory in the design of a model case. The proposed small structure represents an ideal rendering of the space from a single material on the basis of acquired and known information about this material. It has massive earthen walls, which man created himself and it provides him the shelter. The shelter rises smoothly from the ground, its main source, it has soft round features, which were created by the touch of human hands, and when it expires, it naturally merges with the ground again.
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Implementation of the SCL method for tunnel construction
Slezáková, Pavlína ; Dragoun, František (advisor) ; Uhrin, Michal (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis is a summary of recent knowledge about the tunneling method Sprayed Concrete Lining. The first part of the thesis is focused on the origins of sprayed concrete, on the history of the SCL method and its connection to the NRTM method. Essential parts of this thesis include the principles of excavation using the SCL method, the excavation process and the requirements, such as construction monitoring. Additionally, there is an overview of shotcrete material; both, what the mixture is composed of and what geotechnical parameters, usually, limit the application of this method. The second part of the thesis presents mechanical parameters of clay rocks, and also includes a summary of the possibilities of using the SCL method in the Czech Republic, with a specific example of a planned project.
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Analýza tvarů půdních agregátů na lesních půdách ŠLP Křtiny
Liška, Matěj
The thesis deals with soil aggregates and their shapes. There were collected soil samples commonly occurring in ŠLP Křtiny. It was a cambisol, brown soil, luvisol, rendzina and ranker. Sampling was made always in a coppice and high forest. In these soils it was carried out due to grain size analysis to determine clay content and digital analysis focused on the water-stable aggregates external structure. There was determined volume and the surface of the aggregates and the mutual relationship. It was found that the aggregates of the same soil at different ages show a trend of size and shape change. These changes depend on the content of clay and organic matter. Catalog was created from digitally scanned aggregates that displays aggregates shapes with its parameters and summarizes the basic info of soils.
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Fireclay Grog with a High Alumina Content
Mezulianík, Tomáš ; Tvrdík,, Lukáš (referee) ; Nevřivová, Lenka (advisor)
Special refractory grog with increased alumina content are not currently produced in the Czech Republic. The price of these grogs produced abroad is high, so there is an effort to produce grogs using domestic waste fractions of claystones, which have been stored for decades. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the current results and experience with the processing of fine waste parts of claystone W super and BVP. Suitable raw materials for the preparation of grog with an increased content of alumina are characterized. In the experimental part of the thesis is verified the possibility of production of grogs with increased content of Al2O3 according to the proposed prescriptions.
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Diagnostic Methods Suitable for Monitoring of Drying Process of Brick Product
Sarvaš, Ondřej ; Sokolář, Radomír (referee) ; Nevřivová, Lenka (advisor)
This work deals with the study of diagnostic methods suitable for monitoring of the drying process of brick raw materials. Based on the extensive literature search, several parameters are selected, which are appropriate to monitoring during drying. In addition, a methodology for measuring these selected parameters is proposed. In the experimental part, the use of all described methods is gradually verified on the brick raw material with and without shortening additive (also known as grog). Was carried out: measurement of the surface temperature in the climatic chamber, determination of humidity distribution in the sample, determination of moisture diffusivity, determination of tensile strength, determination of ultrasonic wave velocity and determination of dynamic E-modulus of elasticity. Results of experiments and the gained experiences show, that at least two of the above-mentioned monitoring methods are very appropriate and beneficial – determination of moisture diffusivity and determination of tensile strength. In the work was described in detail the procedure of determination of moisture diffusivity of material. The dependence of moisture diffusivity on the moisture content of the dried material, has been described. Also, differences between raw material with grog and without grog has been described. As part of the practical verification of the experiment designed to determine the tensile strength at different humidity levels of test samples. A new shape of the test specimens and a new device were designed to allow them to be attached to a hydraulic press. The results of this work show that the tensile strength of the ceramic green bodies is primarily dependent on the moisture content of the material. The type of raw material almost does not affect the tensile strength.
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Mullite Refractory Grog
Zemánek, David ; Tvrdík,, Lukáš (referee) ; Nevřivová, Lenka (advisor)
Refractory aggregate manufactured from common clays, claystones and shales in Czech Republic are mostly classified as fireclay. For specific applications are these grogs not suitable and there is a need to use grogs with higher content of alumina oxide. Theoretical part of this thesis is focused on the mineral mullite, which is one of the basic minerals in Al2O3 - SiO2 system. Research is focused on methods of mullite production, manufacture of recfractory grog and new possibilities in modification of current raw materials. In experimental part is carried out a verification of possible production of grogs with increased alumina content according to the designed composition.
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The Use od Rammed Earth for Residential Buildings
Zadražil, Lukáš ; Remeš, Josef (referee) ; Žižková, Nikol (advisor)
The Bachelor thesis focuses on use of earth as a building material for residential buildings, in particular the rammed earth technology. The first part of the thesis deals with history of the earth structures in the world and in our country, using the Czech and foreign literature. Subsequently, the thesis defines earth as a building material. After that, the paper describes in detail the rammed earth technologies with examples of use in modern buildings around the world. Within the practical part, samples of earth from Dolní Těrlicko, approx. 30 km southeast of Ostrava, have been collected. Family house should be built on this land next year, with usage of rammed earth technology. In final part we propose and test methods of producing trial bodies from earth compound for pressure test.
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Color Changing of the Ceramic brick.
Kocmánek, Tomáš ; Zach, Jiří (referee) ; Nevřivová, Lenka (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis is focused on color correction of brick body. There are examples of pigments commonly used in various industrial fields, as well as studies on the use of waste products as additives in brickmaking industry, altering, among other things, the color of the brick body. In the experimental part of the thesis the effect of three selected ferric pigments and two selected correction clays on the color and selected physico-mechanical properties of the brick body was investigated.
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Dense Mullite Aggregate
Mezulianík, Tomáš ; Tvrdík,, Lukáš (referee) ; Nevřivová, Lenka (advisor)
Refractory aggregate based on aluminosilicate are manufactured by firing clays, claystones or shales. The firing takes place in rotary or blast furnaces. However, when manufacturing the special refractory materials, we can not do it without special aggregate with higher content of Al2O3. Theoretical part of this thesis is aimed on the description of mineral mullite and mullite refractory aggregate, their method of production and raw material basis. The research of mullite aggregate on the market and their application in the refractory industry. In conclusion of the study, an experiment was performed for the production of special aggregate with increased alumina content according to the proposed prescriptions
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Development a new technology of liquefaction and soil stabilization
Chlachula, Jakub ; Krejčí, Pavel (referee) ; Drochytka, Rostislav (advisor)
Nowadays, efforts are being made to reduce the environmental impact on the planet even at soils management. Excavated soils are treated as waste and often end up in landfill or depot landfills. It is an effort to exploit these soils. By adding suitable stabilizing additives, features such as yield fluidity, moisture or compressive strength can be adjusted. This composite can be further liquefactioned by using water and suitable liquefiers or plasticizers. Such iquefactioned soils are a suitable self-compacting grouts dressing for excavation for the laying of utility grids, where it is necessary to fill the hole again. The advantage are low economic demands and the absence of excess waste. In the course of this thesis the situation of soil usability in the Czech Republic will be evaluated and possible technologies of soil adjusters will be described. Further, the known types of stabilizing additives and their influence on soil stabilization will be evaluated and verified. Then, different types of liquefying additives will be evaluated and verified. The aim of the thesis is to develop a new technology of liquefaction and soil stabilization.
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