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Airconditioning of intensive care unit
Cakl, Dominik ; Blasinski, Petr (referee) ; Rubina, Aleš (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with design of air-conditioning and air-condition systems in the spaces of intensive care unit of infection department and employees department. Proposoal of the systems meets relevant standarts, hygiene and operating requirements. The computational part is focused on total object analysis, heat balance, air flow in relation to increased hygiene requirements and requirements for air heating. The computational part also involves distribution, adjustment of air and other proposals, which are integrated in correctly proposed equipment. The theoretical part is involving heat recovery with heat pump. The project is processed on the level of the project implementing.
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Thrombophilia and thrombotic complications in severe septic patients
Zenáhlíková, Zuzana ; Kvasnička, Jan (advisor) ; Maruna, Pavel (referee) ; Malý, Jaroslav (referee)
Introduction: Thrombotic events are among the most serious complications of sepsis and also the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. Currently, the administration of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) is recommended in patients with severe sepsis for prophylaxis of these complications. However, this prophylaxis often fails. Objectives of the study: One of the objectives of our study was to examine changes in haemostasis in relation to the inflammatory response during 15 days of severe sepsis. The next objective was to determine whether a prophylactic inhibition of F Xa in the range from 0.2 to 0.4 IU/mL is achieved in these patients, if they receive the recommended prophylaxis with LMWH. We also recorded the dynamics of changes in the F Xa inhibition during the entire study period. Moreover, we tried to identify the factors that may affect the antithrombotic efficacy of the subcutaneously administered enoxaparin. Patient population and methods: A total of 35 ICU patients meeting the criteria of severe sepsis were enrolled in the study. Only 16 of these patients could be followed throughout the entire 15-day period. Patients were treated according to the current guidelines, including LMWH prophylaxis; enoxaparin (40 mg sc per day) was used in this study....
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Tracheostomy from the client's perspective
Martinů, Kateřina ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Mrákava, Vlastimil (referee)
The Bachelor thesis is focused on the topic of clients who endured tracheostomy. The theoretical part is mainly paying attantion to explaining the anatomical and physiological proportions of larynx and trachea. The next, quite large chapter, focuses on tracheonomic cannula, tries to sum up the information from first attempts to open the trachea, types of tracheonomic cannulas and their advantages and disantvantages, to hygiene of the throat and correct care. These basic informations should be helpful to clients taking care of tracheostomy in home enviroment. The next chapter introduces the educational process of the client from the begining of hospitalization until dispensary care. The practical part is focused on quantitative research on sufficient information towards clients before surgery and finding out to what level are the clients bothered by the cannula and how to compensate. From the obtained data it was possible to deduct that 65% of clients received information from the nurse about how to use a cannula, including a demonstration. 35% was informed about the treatment. The research also revealed that 55% of clients with temporary tracheostomy perceives the limited comunication posibilites as a major problem. Keywords in English Tracheostomy Otorhinolaryngology Intensive care unit Nursing...
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Issues of nursing care during pacient´s transfer from an intensive care unit to a standard surgical ward
CHMELÍKOVÁ, Kateřina
A lot of patients are hospitalized at the intensive care unit after a major operation at the surgery ward. After the stabilisation of the condition they are transferred to a standard department. The nursing care at these two departments obviously differs. The difference can particularly be seen in the care itself, but also in the accessibility of the nursing staff and protection of patient privacy. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out in what areas the nursing staff can see problems with the patients that are transferred from the intensive care unit to a standard ward and to map the differences between the levels of the nursing care at these two departments. A quantitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews was applied to the research. The research sample consisted of six nurses working at a standard department and five patients meeting the criterion of the transfer from the ICU to a standard ward. The analyses of the information provided was performed by means of the "pencil and paper" method, where we numbered the individual interviews and tried to find similar answers therein. The research has shown that nurses perceive an early transfer of a patient to a standard ward negatively, as in most cases the care of such patients is extremely time consuming. Another problem is in the insufficient information of a patient in terms of the post-operation rehabilitation and inability to absorb the information provided by a nurse. The patients can see the difference mainly in the frequency of the nursing staff, in the continuous monitoring of the physiological functions and last but not least also in the protection of patient privacy. The results of the research might serve as an input for a seminar held on this issue and lead to the future improvement of the quality of the nursing care at these two departments.
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The issue of treating patient with polytrauma
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Barbora
Polytrauma is an injury of one or more organic systems or body areas the mutual combination and extent of which may lead to direct death threat. Polytrauma stands on the first step of the mortality ladder particularly among those of 1 45 years of age. Not only timely emergency care, but also professional quality of the care play important role here. Treatment of a patient with polytrauma requires quality performance of physically and psychically demanding work The aim of the thesis was 1: To find out whether nurses at an ARD, an ICU and a standard department have knowledge of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma. 2: To find out the specifics of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma at an ARD, an ICU and a standard department. 3: To find out the differences in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma at an ARD, an ICU and a standard department. Research questions: 1. Where do ARD nurses see the biggest problems of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma? 2. Where do ICU nurses see the biggest problems of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma? 3. Where do nurses from a standard department see the biggest problems of nursing care of a patient with polytrauma? 4. How do ARD nurses care of a patient with polytrauma? 5: How do ICU nurses care of a patient with polytrauma? 6: How do nurses from a standard department care of a patient with polytrauma? 7: What opportunities for education in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma do ARD nurses have? 8: What opportunities for education in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma do ICU nurses have? 9: What opportunities for education in nursing care of a patient with polytrauma do nurses from a standard department have? Qualitative research was applied to preparation of the thesis. Non-structured interview and involved observation were the data collection methods. The research was performed at an anaesthesia and resuscitation department, at an intensive care unit and at a standard traumatology department. The research was anonymous. The research has shown that ARD and ICU nurses as well as those at the standard department are aware of treatment of patients with polytrauma. We observed that they cared about patients' needs and all activities they perform comply with nursing care standards. They are aware of complications that might occur in a polytraumatized patient. We have also found that mainly the difference in communication with a patient belongs to the specifics of the above mentioned departments. The results also show that the care provided at the ARD and the ICU is acute, while the standard department mostly provides subsequent care. We found that the biggest difference in treatment of patients with polytrauma at the above departments is in communication with a patient. Communication is at the minimum at ARD, where work with monitors prevails. Nurses of the ICU and the standard department cope with different problems. These are lack of space and electronic equipment at the ICU. The care of a patient with polytrauma who is not self-sufficient and requires permanent care and attention of a nurse is physically and psychically demanding at a standard department. It is not sufficient according to the nurses. The problem is in their opinion in high number of patients, lack of beds, extensive attention to some patients and last but not least the growing administration conducted by nurses. This brings the problems in nurse-patient communication at a standard department. The nurses are aware of the fact that effective communication has positive impact on patient recovery as it moderates pain and confusion and helps against anxiety and stress, helps relieve pain, reduce complications and accelerate convalescence. It would be interesting to prepare a seminar for the ARD, ICU and standard department healthcare staff to improve nursing care of a patient with polytrauma in relation to that.
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Burnout Syndrom and Prevention of Nurses in Hospital.
ELLINGEROVÁ, Klára
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the experience of nurses with burnout syndrome and its prevention. In order to this, I have been examining a number of nurses who have experienced burnout syndrome, the level of intensity they experienced and the nurses' opinion on the prevention of this psychical state. The theoretical part will focus on the nurses' job description and psychological stresses related to their duties. Furthermore I will focus on burnout syndrome - its risk factors, causes, stages and prevention. I will inform as well about daily course and operations at the Intensive Care Unit and the standard inpatient department. The empirical part focuses on comparing the level of burnout syndrome of nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit versus those working in the standard inpatient department. Furthermore I am examining the experience of nurses with the burnout syndrome and its prevention. I will use a questionnaire as the research method.
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HVAC design for burn intensive care unit
Fábian, Martin ; Andrys, Petr (referee) ; Rubina, Aleš (advisor)
The Bachelor’s thesis describes a design of a HVAC unit for a burn intensive care unit and its related nursery rooms. The unit respects all the hygienic, functional and running conditions at this specific indoor microclimate. The main concept of the HVAC unit is to supply the burn intensive care unit with fresh air, which is suitable for a fast recovery after a burn trauma and also to reduce the microbial growth and microbial spreading. The main goal of the Bachelor’s thesis was to design a HVAC unit that will effectively filter the inlet air and that the intensive care unit is built the way, to reduce the microbial spread as much as possible. The air handling units are designed at the calculation part of the Bachelor’s thesis to cover the energy (heat) loss in the winter time and the energy (heat) gains during the summer time. Main function of the air handling unit is to handle filtered fresh air to the hospital. The output of the Bachelor’s thesis is a realization documentation for both air handling units.
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Airconditioning system for intensive care unit
Bosák, Jan ; Tesař, Zdeněk (referee) ; Rubina, Aleš (advisor)
The brachelor's dissertation deals airconditioning system, that operate clean spaces in the hospital. System is divide for two separate working unit. The first system operate surgical intesive care unit and next near spaces. The second system operate bed's rooms and their near spaces. The first systém shoulds smother thermal load operate's rooms in summer time and hot air ventilation in winter time. The second system does hot air ventilation whole year and It is refill fan-coils for smother thermal load. Both of them can adjust air humidity. Theory part of dissertation deals clean spaces with specialization on hospitals, for example operating theatre and intensive care unit.
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A Patient with Tracheostomy at an Intensive Care Unit and a Standard Ward
HLOCHOVÁ, Denisa
Tracheostomy is a surgical operation where a permanent or temporary opening is made in the trachea to ensure passability of the air passage. The aim of tracheostomy is to provide oxygen to the lungs, to improve breathing, to reduce consciousness sedation, and to improve the tracheal toilet. The bachelor thesis mainly focuses on nursing care of a patient with tracheostomy at an intensive care unit and at a standard ward. The theoretical part explains the problem of tracheostomy, aids and types of tracheostomy cannulas. It also focuses on the nursing care of tracheostomy. It deals with mouth hygiene and care of the air passages. The care of the air passages includes humidification, lavage and tracheostomy suction. The theoretical part of the thesis also deals with rehabilitation, diet and communication with patients with tracheostomy. The subject of the thesis was to map what the nursing care of patients with tracheostomy is like and how the needs of a patient with tracheostomy are satisfied. Three goals were set to meet the goal: Goal 1: To find out the specifics of the nursing care of patients with tracheostomy at an intensive care unit and at a standard ward. Goal 2: To find out the level of satisfying the needs of patients with tracheostomy at an ICU and at a standard ward. Goal 3: To map the level of adherence to the principles of nursing care of a patient with tracheostomy at an ICU and at a standard ward. Three research questions were set in relation to the goals. 1: What are the specifics of nursing care of a patient with tracheostomy at an ICU and at a standard ward? 2: What is the level of satisfying the needs of patients with tracheostomy at an ICU and at a standard ward? 3: What is the level of adherence to the principles of nursing care of a patient with tracheostomy at an ICU and at a standard ward? Qualitative research, namely the techniques of semi-structured interview and concealed observation, was employed in the practical part of the bachelor thesis. Six nurses from the České Budějovice Hospital were invited to the interview. The first part contains identification data, the second deals with the opinions on the specifics of nursing care of patients with tracheostomy among nurses, it also focuses on the level of satisfaction of the needs of patients with tracheostomy and the last part deals with adherence to the principles in nursing care of patients with tracheostomy. At the beginning of the interviews the nurses were informed on anonymousness of the interviews and they are numbered in the thesis. The research sample consisted of nurses from intensive care units and nurses from an otorhinolaryngology department. The data obtained from the interviews were processed by means of the "paper & pencil" and "card reading" methods into three categories, which were consequently subcategorized. The obtained data were processed into graphic schemes by means of XMind 2013 software. The information obtained from the observation was processed into graphs in Microsoft Excel 2010. The results from the interviews and the observation show that patients with tracheostomy are provided with relatively quality nursing care. The nurses showed good knowledge of the nursing care of a patient with tracheostomy. The nurses consider communication with a patient with tracheostomy the most frequent problem. All the set research goals were met in the research. The subject of the bachelor thesis was to show the weak points of the nursing care provided to patients with tracheostomy. This thesis may serve for improvement of the nursing care of patients with tracheostomy and may also be helpful to student as an additional study material. Elaboration of a brochure for patients with tracheostomy was the result of the thesis.
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