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CzechCarbo - studium cyklu uhlíku v terestrických ekosystémech ČR
Ústav systémové biologie a ekologie AV ČR, České Budějovice ; Marek, Michal V.
Obsahem monografie je problematika globální změny klimatu, která je zde pojímána jako předmět odborné analýzy v rámci tří problémových okruhů: atmosféra - ekosystém - lidská společnost. Okruh atmosféra je zúžený na problematiku vývojových scénářů a okruh ekosystém na problematiku lesa. Je pojednána nová funkce lesa jako úložiště uhlíku. Byly získány unikátní výsledky s velmi cennou vypovídající hodnotou, které jsou využitelné pro lesnický a krajinářský výzkum i praxi. Kapitoly: Globální změna klimatu, Scénáře vývoje globální klimatické změny, Ekofyziologické předpoklady úložiště uhlíku ve fytomase, Toky uhlíku mezi ekosystémem a atmosférou, Les, uhlík a lesnictví ČR v podmínkách měnícího se prostředí, Zásoby uhlíku ve vegetaci České republiky a modelová uhlíková bilance krajiny, Vnímání globálních ekologických změn ve společnosti, Vázání uhlíku lesními ekosystémy a jeho místo v systému celospolečenských funkcí lesů.
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Statistical Analysis of Temperature and Precipitation Time Series in the Czech Republic in Period 1961-2008
Helman, Karel ; Pecáková, Iva (advisor) ; Čermák, Václav (referee) ; Žák, Michal (referee)
The present dissertation deals with an analysis of monthly time series of average temperatures and precipitation sums recorded at 44 sites in the Czech Republic over the period of 1961--2008. The main research purpose is to acquire deeper knowledge of regularities in the climatic time series development, using an appropriate set of statistical methods. A secondary objective is to search and find correlations between the research outcomes and basic geographic coordinates (altitude, longitude and latitude) of particular measurement stations and comparing all the results achieved for the selected climatic elements. There are two major contributions of this work. In the first place, it presents new knowledge in the field of climatic time series, particularly in connection with the strength and development of their seasonal component, further for instance analysing the relation between the distribution of a residual component and the geographic coordinates of the measurement stations. Another contribution lies in an extensive application of statistical methods of climatic time series analysis. Several types of methods were used, having employed both widely and rarely applied statistical tools (linear trends analysis and Box-Jenkins methodology respectively) as well as those used for the very first time (moving-seasonal time series).
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ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF MANIPULATION DEVICE FOR REMOVAL OF THE CONSEQUENCES FLOODS CAUSED BY TORRENTIAL RAIN.
HOLBOJ, Martin
The aim of this thesis is a simplification of the decision-making process during the removing of results of floods caused by rainstorms. The work analyses reasons of floods and indicates possible ways of efficient usage of the supporting machinery fitted with appropriate tools. Right after the flood the most important goal to prevent chaos is to get people affected by the flood back to their homes and restore their everyday life as soon as possible . Within this time the quality of the machinery used is not that important. However, the know-how concerning using the equipment is crucial.
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Analysis of climatological time series for selected places in Europe in the years 1961-2010
Míka, Tomáš ; Helman, Karel (advisor) ; Bašta, Milan (referee)
This bachelor thesis preoccupied with the analysis climatological time series mesured at seven selected meterological stations located throughout the European continent. The underlying data for this analysis were obtained from publicly available European database of ECA&D. The analysis is focused on calculation of the basic charakteristic and decomposition of time series. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to examine development of the time series of average monthly temperatures and precipation in the period 1961 - 2010 for individual weather stations and these data analyzed to compare with each other and explore similiraties and differences in temperature and precipation from individual station, not only in term of time but also terms of space. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and generally discribes statistical methods. The second key part (practical) is devoted data processing and analysis of the time series.
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Analysis of water demand depending on the level of temperature and precipitation
Malý, Vítězslav ; Slavíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Petŕužela, Lubomír (referee)
The demand for water is a very specific variable determined by many factors. The thesis aims to explain how does weather condition influenced the overall character of water demand. Predictions of climate change shows that in terms of CR it can expect changes in total precipitation during the seasons, the increase in average temperatures and a change in the variability and intensity of extreme events. The analysis therefore focuses on clarifying the impact of the level of temperature and precipitation on water withdrawals from public water supply. Analysis used daily data on the collection of water from public water supply for each interested location and daily hydrological data on the level of average daily air temperature and daily rainfall.
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Methods of calculating the spatial distribution of precipitation and differences in rainfall totals in a small catchment area
VÁVRA, Miroslav
This thesis is focused on methods of calculating the spatial distribution of precipitation and differences in rainfall totals in a small catchment area. The main aim is to find methods which enable transfer of spot measurements of precipitation to spatially distributed estimation and consequently comparison of results of these methods and evaluation of their differences and accuracy. For better understanding of this problematic, precipitation and its characteristics, origin and types are described. Factors which precipitation influence are also listed further in the text. The main part of this thesis is description of methods of spatial precipitation distribution and their application in a small catchment area. Methods are listed from the most common ones (Arithmetic mean method, Thiessen polygon method, Isohyetal method) to those most recent and least applied (Hypsometric method, Inverse distance weighted method, Kriging). Thiessen polygon method and Isohyetal method are described in detail and joined by figure for better understanding. Different methods of spatial precipitation distribution calculations (Thiessen polygon method, Isohyetal method, Arithmetic mean method) were compared on one catchment area with quite surprising results. The calculated values of rainfall totals in the catchment area differed only slightly using different calculation methods. It was also stated that not even with large number of rain gages in the catchment area we aren?t able to achieve 100% calculation accuracy.
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Theoretical basis for determining the design of erosion transport crash.
BLÁHA, Vladimír
Atmospheric precipitation are given by a total railfall, the spatial distribution and intensity. All of these factors, along with climatic conditions, vegetation and soil type, take part in the total runoff. Extreme rainfall is dangerous with its energy and total rainfall, but also with its intensity, which has great influence on surface runoff and transport of soil particles. There are dozens of programs for processing Curve Number and total runoff.
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Evaluation of flood flows in the basin Jenín
LEHOVCOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate flood flows in the basin Jenín stream. Part of this work is the description of the territory that I prepare from the perspective of the geomorphological, geological, pedological, hydrological, agro-natural, climatic and biotic. For flood flows, I used data for the hydrological year 2009 that I acquired from Thomson weir, where meters are installed. In the first part of this thesis, I conducted field research the functionality of the drainage group. The result is data that recorded performance shafts. In the next section I dealt with the evaluation of quantitative indicators of precipitation, precipitation operation in relation to catchment flows on the cap and providing a critical period in terms of the spring thaw.
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Comparison of precipitation and runoff in the research area Jenin in relation to nitrates.
ŠULCOVÁ, Lucie
The influence of precipitation on runoff characteristics of tile drainage systems and nitrate concentrations in drainage water were evaluated in this thesis. The Jeninsky stream catchment is located at the foothill of Sumava Mountains near the border checkpoint Dolni Dvoriste. Extensive agriculture (pasture) is practised in the catchment as well as surrounding areas. Above mentioned evaluated characteristics were measured on two closure profiles of tile drained subcatchments. Discharges were measured continously, water quality was sampled forthnigtly. Evaluated hydrologic year 2007 was rich in rainfall {--} the precipitation amounted to 892 mm, which is classified as a wet year, despite of 41 days long dry period. Runoff characteristics don{\crq}t vary much in both subcatchments, due to similar area and land use on researched catchments. Long dry period did not cause zero discharges. The progress of nitrate concentrations in subcatchments is characterized by low variations in values. Relatively low values (90-percentil of nitrate concentrations in individual catchments belong to II. and III. class of water quality limits set by Czech legislative) occured in the catchment. These values correspond or slightly exceed values monitored on surrounding simirarly used areas, but are significantly lower than values monitored in areas, where intensive agriculture is practised. This confirms positive influence of grassing on nitrate pollution of drainage and surface water.
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