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Transport of selected metals from the soil to the plants
Šilerová, Iva ; Sommer, Lumír (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the soil, contamination of selected heavy metals and transport of heavy metals from soil to plants. The entry of heavy metals, their reactions in the soil and their transport into the plant material are described here. Lead, cadmium and copper have been selected as the studied toxic metals. There are also described methods of soil sampling, sample preparation for analysis and determination of heavy metals in the sample.
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Utilize of instrumentality PSE (Pressurized Solvent Extraction) in food analysis
Grulichová, Hana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is engaged in the modern method of extraction PSE (pressurized solvent extraction). There have been two types of this apparatus, One PSE and Fast PSE. In this thesis, the apparatus and its behavior is described. Extraction of anthraquinones, strychnine, berberine, glycyrrhizin, ligustilides from medical plants is presented below. These substancies are used mainly in treatment for various diseases. In this work is noticed trace elements, tocopherols, alkylbenzene sulphonate, isoflavone, dionine, betacarotene, vitamin E, polyphenol extracted from biological samples. Utilization of the substancies from biological samples is very different. Some one decreased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer and other is by contrast deleterious toxin. High attention is devoted to substancies presented in food such as polychlorinated biphenyls, various pesticides, lipids, oxysterols. These substancies are in food rather undesirable than is why their amount is determinated to the food isn´t deleterious.
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Way of assign of stereoregularity of polypropylene
Hoza, Adam ; Tocháček, Jiří (referee) ; Kratochvíla, Jan (advisor)
The purpose of this work is to evaluate and compare isotactic index value determination of polypropylene homopolymer using extraction and solubility methods. A series of nine PP samples in a powder form specified by molecular weights in the range from 29 to 154 kg/mol was investigated. The methods afforded separation of polypropylene into two portions, the soluble fraction, and the insoluble one. Extractions were carried out in a modified Kumagawa extractor. Polypropylene extracts were obtained using several organic solvents (pentane, hexane, heptane, and octane) at their boiling points. Soluble fractions were obtained by dissolving the PP sample in high boiling point solvents (xylene, decahydronaphthalene, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) and cooling the polymer solution to 23°C. All the fractions were characterized using 13C-NMR, SEC, and DSC methods. Comparison of the extraction and solubility methods showed significant differences in the amount, stereochemical structure, molecular weight, and crystallinity of soluble, and insoluble fractions.
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Modularization of extraction of public procurement data to RDF
Káňa, Jakub ; Mynarz, Jindřich (advisor) ; Dudáš, Marek (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with extension of data extractor of public contracts gained from server Tenders Electronic Daily. The thesis covers a modularized extractor 10 new types of public contract notices. The data is retrieved from XML by using transformation scenario and they are extracted to RDF/XML data format. The extension is realized on TED-XML and META-XML formats of published data. The work also expands and creates independent library of functions. The library is documented. To ensure the accuracy of the extracted data in terms of syntax and also used ontologies there are used validation tools. For command line syntax validation Jena Apache Riot and for testing the correctness of output in terms of use Public Contracts Ontology RDFUnit testing tool. The contribution of this work is the practical part, allowing you to convert semi-structured data from the Journal of procurement of EU Member States into a fully structured data. Enhanced extractor allows you to extract data from the notices type F04 - F09 and F15 - F18.
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Vliv stanoviště na množství extraktivních látek dřeva akátu
Bachan, Tomáš
This thesis, which is performed as an experiment, deals with dependence of locations on the amount of extractive substances in the heartwood, sapwood and bark of acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) across radius of the trunk. Thesis also aims to determine at what part of the trunk is situated most of extractive substances. Furthermore is evaluated, if the amount of extractive substances is depending on the height of the trunk, at altitudes from 0 m and 1.3 m from which the samples were taken. A final point is to compar according to the cardinal directions. In the theoretical part is described the issue of extractive substances and chemical composition of acacia. The second part presents the measured values from taked and extracted samples and their statistical evaluation.
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Validace nutričních parametrů uvedených na obalech vybraných potravin
Pláteníková, Markéta
The main purpose of this diploma thesis was to study legislative requirements about marking food products with nutrition labels and summarize the activities and procedures of supervising organizations connected to problematic of goods marking. One of the goals was to briefly describe technological and producing methods of selected food - ham, cheese, kephir milk, baby food with fruit, wafer, bread, wholemeal puffed bread and chocolate. Next goal was to evaluate the risks of food consumption with deceptive nutrition labels. In the practical part of this thesis I have determined quantity of saccharides, lipids, proteins and salt in selected food products by standard methods. Simple saccharides were determined by Schoorl's method and starch volume by Ewers's method. Lipids were determined by Soxhlet's extraction and after put through derivatization. In gas chromatograph (GC) were detected fatty acids. Apart from the Soxhlet's extraction was made also extraction according to Hara and Radin (1987) for comparison. Proteins were determined by method using nitrogen according to Kjehdal with adjustments according to Winkler. The amount of salt was detected analytically by argetometric precipitating titration. Determination the volume of nutritive parameters was made in three ranks of selected products. From obtained results were evaluated possible risks, which might be caused by consumption of food products with deceptively stated nutritive labels.
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Methods of DNA extraction from the fresh papaya fruit and from the candied
Ovesná, Jaroslava ; Hodek, Jan
Aim the work is to provide a working procedure for extraction of amplifiable DNA form papaya fruits (Carica papaya), which are a poor source of DNA. Methods are optimised for DNA extraction from papaya fruits and stones and from candied papaya- these both were predicted as suitable commodities for an eventually screening of non-approved GM papaya in the market of Czech Republic. The methodology was prepared on basis of demand of reference laboratories of public service, which are involved in GMO analyses and also as a flow-work of Methodics for Detection of GM papaya 55-1 and 63-1 (Hodek, Ovesná, Pavlátová 2008) and scientific publication Detection of transgenic papaya lines: extraction protocol optimisation and verification of DNA quality by PCR assay (Ovesná, Hodek 2009).
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