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The effect of mycorrhiza on production of plant secondary metabolites
Pikorová, Markéta ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Rydlová, Jana (referee)
Mycorhizal symbiosis, mutualistic relationship between symbiotic fungus and plant roots, is ranked among important interspecies interactions. It is indicated that about 90% terrestrial vascular plants live in this symbiosis. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is the most often occurring type of mycorrhiza and simultaneously the most often occurring type of symbiosis of higher plants. Approximately 80% of all of plant species form this symbiosis. By symbiotic coexistence with fungus plant often gains benefits as for example higher tolerance against stress factors, resistance against pathogens or improvement of nutrient uptake. In recent years in series of works is detected that mycorrhiza positively influences production of plant secondary metabolites. This influence can display quantitativelyby increase of metabolite in plant and also qualitatively by change spectrum of substances produced. These substances can have importance in different spheres for human. Medicinal research regularly extends spectum of substances with bioactive effect which have origin just in the plant secondary metabolism. Target of this thesis is, by the form of literary retrieval, to create an overview of recent state of research regarding of influence of mycorhizal symbiosis on content of secondary metabolites in plants, especially...
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Srovnání kolonizace kořenů rhizosférními mikroorganismy v konvenčně a ekologicky ošetřovaných vinohradech
Millerová, Kateřina
In the diploma thesis the literature dealing with the comparison of root colonization by rhizosphere microorganism in the conventionally and ecologically treated vineyards was collected and studied. The soil samples and the parts of the vine roots from the vineyard of the wine growing Gotberg and vineyard Kačírky were took and analyzed. These samples were used for the survey of root colonization intensity by arbuscular rmycorrhizal fungi and they were also used for determination of the microorganism quantity of the selected physiological groups in the soil. The occurrence of the arbuscular mycorrhiza was studied under an electric light microscope and the result was expressed as a percentage. To extract the microorganisms from the environment the dilution method with the subsequent smear onto agar plates with a suitable medium was used. The results show the higher colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the conventionally cultivated vineyard. However, the occurrence of the soil microorganism, for example, the total amount of microorganisms was in the bio vineyard higher.
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Využití biologických přípravků (řasy, houby, výtažky) při závlaze zeleniny
Kořínek, Jaroslav
Algae has been using in many industrial and agricultural branches since 2 700 B. C. Application of algae, its extracts and preparations containing various extracts -- plant, mycorrhiza fungus, etc. -- in agriculture and horticulture is becoming more and more popular in these days. Several studies proved its positive effect on growth of various plant species. Scientific researches proved its impact on soil quality, growth of roots, plant's growth rate, photosynthesis, plant's quality and yield. Recent studies showed that extracts from seaweed for plant protection prevents from many factors that cause biotic and abiotic stress and also open up a potential of using in terrain. Main reason why biologic preparations should be used in agricultural is salinity and contamination of soil caused by using mineral fertilizers and pesticides.
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Nové možnosti využití pozitivních mikroorganismů při pěstování zeleniny
Drobil, Ondřej
The aim of my diploma thesis was to summarise all possible information of using of preparations with micro-organisms and helpful soil preparations. In the experimental part the aim was to prove the influence of these preparations on production and nutritional parameters of the leek (Allium porrum L.) in the soil very poor with nutrients. As the type of the leek the autumn kind Gevaria F1 was chosen. On the model cultivation of vegetables, I observed the influence of the preparation with mycosis fungi Glomus intraradices BEG140, G. claroideum BEG210, G. microaggregatum BEG56, G. intraradices S7, G. versiforme along with tribe Trichoderma harzianum 78. Then there was also the preparation which contained the extract from alga and bacteria Azospirillum brasilense K2012 242/9 NCAIM (P) B.001403, Azospirillum largimobile K2012 B41 NCAIM (P) B.001402, Leuconostoc mesenteroides K2009 25/4 NCAIM (P) B.001372, Pseudomonas chlororaphis K2009 13/4 B NCAIM (P) B.001370, Pseudomonas lundensis K2009 9/4-B NCAIM (P) B.001371 and a substance Fenyl-7, which is artificial similarity of strigolaktons. The experiment was done on the grounds of the company Richter Rasen Slovakia s.r.o. . From the evaluated results we can see that the use of preparations did not have any crucial influence on production parameters of the leek. The highest production was at the checking version. At the others determined parameters of the production, the highest value was at the checking version. However, the differences were not statistically significant. The highest amount of solids was found at the version containing mycosis fungi and trichoderm. I evaluated also the antioxidant kapacity; the highest measured value was in the checking plants comparing to the lowest amount at the version of alga and a bacteria and the preparation Fenyl -- 7. The content of nitrates in the plant netting was the highest at the checking version. The content of vitamin C had the highest value at the chceking version and the lowest value at the version with mycorrhiza and trichoderm. The rate of colonisation was 70,1 % at the version with mycorrhiza; the checking version in this evaluation got 25,65 % of the rate of colonisation of the root. From the elaborated results the conclusion that the preparations had the impact on the evaluated parameters in case of testing in the poor sandy soils cannot be clearly done.
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