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Friction measuring of human joints
Šnejdar, Radim ; Ranuša, Matúš (referee) ; Čípek, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis concerns about the tribology of real joints. The aim of this work is an elucidation of the influence of chosen operating conditions on shear force coefficient. It deals especially about speed, strain and rehydration. The experimental tasks will be realized on tribometer, which is available in laboratories of ÚK. In this work, current state of knowledge in the area of discussed issues are described. Also the device and measured methods which help to measure and evaluate data files. In the last section of this work, the results are evaluated and the following conclusions are established.
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Late consequences of knee injury.
Holečková, Pavla ; Eislerová, Iva (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of knee injuries and gonarthrosis. The thesis has theoretical and empirical character. The theoretical section is divided into three main chapters. The anatomy of the knee joint is described in the first chapter. Second chapter deals with knee injuries; this part is focused on the injuries to ligaments, menisci, cartilage and patella. Gonarthrosis, its etiology, symptoms, treatment and prevention, is compiled in the last chapter. The empirical section contains the results of research. The research was performed as an anonymous questionnaire study. Respondents were older than 18 years and after the knee injury. The sample consisted of 102 respondents. The aim of the empirical section was to find out what kind of injuries the clients have experienced, their attitude towards the after-treatment of the injuries, their knowledge of gonarthrosis and whether they occupy themselves with its prevention. The results were processed into charts and graphs. The research show, that the most common injury is one to the anterior cruciate ligament. A third of the respondents does not follow the treatment regimen, most frequently they fail to walk on crutches or to wear a knee brace. More than 80% of respondents know the symptoms, but only 11,76% of respondents know stages of...
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Design of parts of tribometer with reciprocating motion
Dražka, Ondřej ; Vrbka, Martin (referee) ; Čípek, Pavel (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with design of parts of tribometer with reciprocating motion. Several conceptual solutions are made on base of existing studies from which the best solution for given application is selected. The tribometer will be used for experimental measuring on real cartilage which should lead to better understanding of friction and lubrication processes in synovial joint. The outcome of this thesis are component parts along with the manufacturing drawings.
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Image processing of MRI
Němcová, Simona ; Jiřík, Radovan (referee) ; Krátká, Lucie (advisor)
This thesis deals with the cartilage imaging using magnetic resonance. At first, there is mentioned physical principle of the magnetic resonance phenomenon and the most commonly used excitation sequences, followed by the description of the 9.4 T MR imaging system Bruker BioSpec 94/30 USR, which was used for measurement in the practical part. The next part is dedicated to the composition of cartilages and describes the temporomandibular joint, due to its suitability as an object for cartilage imaging. The series of MR scans of temporomandibular joint were taken with different acquisition parameters and evaluated by program designed through the MATLAB software. The program can be used for viewing scanned images, evaluating their contrast and determining the T1 relaxation time of the tissues by creating T1 maps.
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Developmental origin of cartilage skull elements in axolotl
Kloučková, Lenka ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Roček, Zbyněk (referee)
Despite the fact that some aspects of single studies differ, there's a generally accepted view that the whole cartilaginous viscerocranium of vertebrates is neural crest derived. By the series of isotopic transplantation experiments of presumptive neural crest on the model organism Ambystoma mexicanum I partly specify this oppinion and prove that the most ventro-caudal cartilage, the second basibranchial, is of a different origin. Furher I mention the level of the presumptive neural crest where the single parts of cartilaginous viscerocranium arise from. Moreover there is one element, the first basibranchial, which has double origin. I discuss also some other neural crest derivatives such as head and outer gills mesenchyme, the trabeculae cranii, part of the cartilaginous otic capsule or the connective tissue in the head. I have performed 179 transplantations between transgenic and normal axolotl embryos. My final analysis is composed of 65 embryos of stage 40 - 42 and 7 larvae of lenght of 15 - 17 mm.
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Morfogeneze orálního skeletu mihule ve vztahu k evoluci čelistí
Romášek, Marek ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Jandzík, Dávid (referee)
4 Neural crest-derived cellular cartilage is one of the defining characteristics of vertebrates. Elaboration of this tissue and its patterning allowed the evolution of jaws in the gnathostome lineage. Together these hallmarks helped jawed vertebrates become one of the dominant taxons in the animal kingdom. Lampreys, as basal jawless vertebrates, lie at a unique phylogenetic position that makes them ideal organisms for the study of evolution of vertebrate/gnathostome novelties. Larval lampreys possess a special oral skeleton composed of a tissue related to cartilage, termed mucocartilage. Despite considerable attention that has been paid to the evolutionary significance of mucocartilage, it is not yet clear, how this unique feature arises in development and to what extent it is homologous to gnathostome jaws. In this study, the development of oro-pharyngeal region was analyzed in the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. SEM imaging revealed shaping and topographic relationships of embryonic tissues, detailed plastic histology coupled with expression analyses of several molecular markers were used to describe origin, histogenesis and morphogenesis of mucocartilage. Furthermore, genetic regulation of the tissue was investigated in order to identify its unique or shared features. Mucocartilage is seen to...
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Biomechanical Study of Hand
Krpalek, David ; Janíček, Přemysl (referee) ; Horyl, Petr (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This work deals with issue of human wrist and appropriate total wrist implant allowing a restoration of hand mobility approaching physiological condition after traumatic and degenerative diseases. Treating these diseases are very complex. These issues including a biological and medical issues. To determine the appropriate treatment method and select right total wrist implant is important to know the behavior the human wrist at all stages in terms of medical and biomechanical. For this reason, it was developed a biomechanical study including computation model of human wrist allowing solution of strain and stress of hand in physiological and pathological conditions and condition after total wrist implant. The frost remodeling of bone tissue was used for analysis of human wrist bone tissues and bone tissues after application of total wrist implant RE-MOTION™ Total Wrist.
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Biomechanical study of hand
Krpalek, David ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This work deals with issue of human wrist and appropriate total wrist implant allowing a restoration of hand mobility approaching physiological condition after traumatic and degenerative diseases. Treating these diseases are very complex. These issues including a biological and medical issues. To determine the appropriate treatment method and select right total wrist implant is important to know the behavior the human wrist at all stages in terms of medical and biomechanical. For this reason, it was developed a biomechanical study including computation model of human wrist allowing solution of strain and stress of hand in physiological and pathological conditions and condition after total wrist implant. The frost remodeling of bone tissue was used for analysis of human wrist bone tissues and bone tissues after application of total wrist implant RE-MOTION™ Total Wrist.
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Elaboration and introduction of the method for determination of some proteins
Hruzík, Ondřej ; Buňka, František (referee) ; RNDr.Karel Gebauer (advisor)
Core protein of aggrecan has a significant share on the correct function of articular cartilage. Its lack or structural failure could be the reason for the disfunction of the cartilage. The culture of chondrocytes taken from a pork articular cartilage was used for the study of aggrecan production. The monolayer culture method offers the model system which has enabled us to watch the aggrecan production into growth medium. The aggrecan synthesis was stimulated in the media with addition of L-methionin, L-serin and sodium selenite pentahydrate. Methionin and serin are antecedents of sulphur amino acid of cysteine, whose role is incredibly important for the correct function of core protein. Growth media and chondrocytes were analysed with the help of the automatic amino acids analyzer unit after acid or oxidative hydrolysis. The analyse established the amino acid representation. The main attention was paid to cysteine. The changing concentrations of this amino acid were showing if the antecedents in the addition are used for its production and, therefore, if it is possible to stimulate the production of core protein with these antecedents. The results are discussed in the conclusion of this thesis. The next step should be the detection of the concentration of synthesized aggrecan by the immunological method. Presently this method is very expensive. Therefore, the method of setting the core protein of aggrecan with the help of suitable amino acid was used for the first tests.
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