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Analysis of selected effects on fertility of dairy herds in the Czech Pied cattle
FÁK, Tomáš
The important presumption and interest of all the cattle breeders is to own herd which is during good reproduction capabled of reaching high milk utility. This is possible only in case that quality genetic basis of herds is ensured. The reproduction of herd is in the centre of attention of our cattle breeders in these days. Constantly making worse reproduct indicators are the main problems of many agricultural companies pursuing of breeding of cattle. It is need of breeding of cattle to devote right attention especially in mountains and foothills regions because in these areas the breeding of cattle frequently performes unproductive function. The objective of this work was assessment of reproduct indicators by genotypes at herd of czech pied cattle. In the monitoring there were included in dairycows which were calved for the first time in 2007 to 2009. The monitoring dairycows were separeted to groups by genetic share of czech pied cattle ( C1, C2 a C3). In created groups there were monitored reproduction indicators ( interval, insemination interval, insemination index, service period), the age in the first calved, milk utility and percentage after the first insemination. These indicators were refered to genotypes of individual breeding The gravidity of heifers of all genotypes groups after the first insemination was over 60% which can be valued as excellent. At the cows was this indicator weaker than average in ČR which is 41,5%. The average value of gravidity after the first insemination at cows of groups C1 to C3 was 40,6%. The insemination interval was unsuitable with average duration 90 days at all groups. The values of service period were unsuitable too with average duration 141 days during monitoring period. The longest service period was at genotypes group C3 ( 154 days). The age in the first calved at all genotypes groups was higher than breedig aim. The average age at all groups in the first time calved was 33 months. The breeding aim is 27 to 29 months. The influence among genotypes and reproduction indicators wasn´t proved. The influence of genotypes was proved at milk utility in the first lactation. The highest milk utility in the first lactation had group C3 (5249,476 kg of milk). The found results proved that monitoring indicators of fertility and milk utility are influenced by sustenance of dairycows and management of herd.
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Evaluation the influence of grazing on performance of dairy cows
TOMAN, Michal
This study analyzes the impact on performance of dairy cows grazing in firm, which is located in the LFA. Furthermore, also deals with procedures for management of pastures and grazing alone. The operation, carried out before and during grazing pasture is important in terms of quantity and quality of grass. The results of this study show that the farm was milk production during the grazing season is lower than in winter. Lower milk production was achieved due to increase activity, changes in ration and low quality crop, which was connected with a high burden of pastures. Lower milk production was achieved due to increased activity, changes in ration and low quality crop, which was connected with high grazing load, which was 2.2 DJ. ha-1.
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EFFECT OF REARING HEIFERS GRAZING ON MILK YIELD AND FERTILITY
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Lenka
The agricultural cooperative Opařany 160 pieces were selected for breeding cows anddivided into two groups. Pasture rearing and stable rearing. Which was observed fertility and milk yield. After an overall assessment of the breeding heifers, in 2007 the results of reproduction was worse in pasture system of heifer rearing. By contrast, in the next reporting period in 2008 the grazing system of heifer rearing embody improved results than rearing in stables. After a general evaluation of milk yield, the grazing system of heifer rearing is worse in 2007. In particural the amount of milk in kg and kg of protein. By contrast, in the next reporting period in 2008 the grazing system of heifer rearing reachedimproved results compared stable rearing. And as the number of milked milk in kg, and milk ingredients - % fat, which is in pasture breeding higher in all of KU. The reason of low milk yield results and reproduction charakteristic is especially in poor nutrition and ill-prepared rations, or fed on poor quality components. In the grazing system of rearing the lack of growth in individual animals is due to missing supplementary feed. And for both groups, we should look for causes of poor management and the transfer of young animals to the reproduction and subsequent production should be taken into account the current condition, not age.
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Breeding of Normande cattle in Czech republic
KABÁTKOVÁ, Zdenka
The aim of this diploma work was to review the current state of breeding of Normande cattle in Czech republic. The reason for introducing the breeding of this cattle is some of its qualities. The most important of these include a higher percentage of casein in milk as well as good conversion of nutrients from the bulk feed and meat quality. Monitoring of cattle took place in four separate farms in years 2005 - 2009. There was created basic monitored group from pure Normande breed. Control groups were from pure Holstein dairy cattle, Czech Spotted dairy cattle. Fertility evaluation was done by following four indicators: age at first calving, insemination interval, service period and interlude. Evaluation of efficiency was based on milk production, protein production and content of the milk constituents. Results of fertility show that with the exception of age of first calving (832 days), the breeding goal hasn't been met to Breeders Association of Normande cattle. Value of insemination interval was 88,74 days, value of service period was 134,28 days and value of interlude was evaluated at 462,38 days. When we compare the Normande breed with Holstein breed, milk production of Normande breed is lower about 2025,4 kg, as well as lower protein production about 48,6 kg. Difference between fertility results for both breeds is within statistical discrepancy. In comparison with the Czech Spotted breed, the Normande breed is at least competitive in both indicators: fertility and efficiency as well. Content of milk constituents in Normande cows milk is significantly higher than in the milk of the other two breeds (4,38 to 4,41% of fat, 3,76 to 3,81% of protein, 4,89 to 5,20% of lactose). There was the highest culling (57.4%) in the basic selection of pure Normande dairy cows in comparison to selections of other breeds. The main reason for discarding were the other health reasons.
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Analysis of milk efficiency dairy cows milked with robot
VRBOVÁ, Aneta
The deficit of educated specialists and patient dairyman had caused that robots are used also in agriculture - livestock production, rather in milking. Inventors of this new technology were the Dutch, who have put in the year 1992 the first automatic milking system (AMS) into operation. The aim of bachelor work was to analyze levels of milk efficiency of holstein cattle, milked with automatic milking systems. The observation of dairy cows holstein cattle herd took place during the year 2009 in a family farm Basík a syn. The farm is situated 6 km east of Tábor. There were observed 64 dairy cows and their share cross (62 H1 a 2 H3). Microsoft Excel has been used for processing the data. By evaluation of milk efficiency it has been discovered, that the group of dairy cows on the 1. lactation had the milk efficiency of 9,635 kg M. Dairy cows on the 2. lactation had milking efficiency of 14,329 kg M. Cows on the 3. and following lactation reached milking efficiency of 13,012 kg M. By the evaluation of number of visits of the AMS with regard to the sequence of lactation it has been discovered, that the average number of successful visits of the AMS in the herd by the cattle on the 1. lactation was 2.6 per a day. Number of unsuccessful visits of the AMS by cattle on the 1. lactation was 0.07 per a day. Average number of milking of cattle on the 2. lactation was 2.9 per a day. Average number of unsuccessful visits by this group of animals was 0.04. The AMS turned down cattle on the 2. lactation once a day on the average. Cattle on the 3. and following lactation were milking 2.7 per a day, number of rejection was 1.5. Number of unsuccessful milking by this group of cattle was very small, only 0.03 per a day.
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The Influence of milking frequency on milk efficiency and fertility in breeding cows, milked by the help of automatic milking systems
KOZELKOVÁ, Jitka
The aim of this thesis was to analyze the effect of milking frequency per day on milk efficiency and fertility during the course of lactation. The observation of dairy Holstein cattle herd took place in agricultural company Brloh (Blanský les Region) from January 2010 to February 2011. There were observed 55 dairy cows: Holstein cattle (75 %), share cross cows with race Czech Pied cattle (22 %) and Fleckvieh cattle (3%). Microsoft Excel has been used for processing the statistic data. For results evaluation, some basic statistic characteristics have been counted. Differences between the groups have been verified by the simple factor analysis of variance. By evaluation of milk efficiency including milk constituents for standardized lactation on individual lactation phases, reached breeding cows on first lactation 9460.00 kg M (3.22 % B and 3.88 % T), on second lactation 10632.15 kg M (3.23 % B and 3.96 % T) and breeding cows on third and next lactation 9738.60 kg M (3.18 % B a 4.08 % T). In the assessment of milking frequency visited breeding cows the AMS on the first lactation at 1/3 lactation phases 2.51 per a day, breeding cows at 2/3 lactation phases 2.72 per a day and 2.70 per a day at 3/3 lactation phases. This trend continued in next lactation, but breeding cows on the second lactation at 3/3 lactation phases visited most often robotic milking machine 2.80 per a day. Relationship between the number of milking and milk efficiency was found statistical significance. With the increasing number of milking performance also increases. By evaluation reproductive parameters the following values were observed ? the average first calving age 774.9 days (25 months), the average meantime 382.3 days, the average servis period 110.4 days and the average insemination period 77.8 days. The relationship between the number milking and service period has been established by the positive correlation, i.e. to the growing number of milking is to the extension service period.
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INFLUENCE OF BREEDING TECHNOLOGY ON THE PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE FIRST-CALVERS
VOBINUŠKOVÁ, Zlata
The comparison of the results of milk yield and fertility of first-calvers of Bohemian Spotted Cattle is the main aim of my thesis. Monitored cows (on the 1. lactation) were bred in different conditions (in the stanchion and free housing systems) and then housed in stanchion and free stalls production livestock barn. Comparison was made in the agricultural co-operative in Černovice u Tábora, which farms in the Region Pelhřimov district. Monitoring was carried out in 2009.
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Analysis of Czech pied cattle milk performance and fertility.
NÁVARA VOLFOVÁ, Kateřina
The main goal of all milk cattle breeders is herd making profit {--} the herd with good reproduction and consequent high production performance. Such a goal can only be reached if the herd is of quality genetic base. Cow{\crq}s milk performance is one of important factors influencing final economic results of milk production. The aim of this Diploma work was to examine lactation course and level as well as reproduction of high-performance Czech pied diary cows with regards to their genetic base. The diary cows (190 pieces) on lactation within 27th March 2008 {--} 13th June 2008 were examined. The examined cows were divided into three groups based on number of their lactation. These groups with cows on 1st, 2nd, 3rd lactation were further divided with regards to their genetic base into herd groups registered as C1 and C2. The sub-herd group C100 was isolated from C1 herd group. To each lactation group, 2{--}3 bulls were assigned based on the highest number of daughters in specific lactation group. Minimum criterion for bull assignment to lactation group was set on at least 5 daughters in the group. Reproduction performance was examined in these groups. The milk performance was evaluated based on 305 days usage, lactation curve persistence index and the lactation curve course in individual groups. The herd-group C2 with highest genetic base of diary breed proved the best results in all lactation groups with regards to reproductive performance. The best results were reached on 3rd lactation. The link between genetic base and reproduction performance of Czech pied cattle was not proved. Neither the link between genetic base and milk performance was proved. The influence of lactation number on most of examined factors was proved. The father{\crq}s influence on reproduction or milk performance was not clearly proved. However, the results may be distorted for lack of diary cows in groups examined under this criterion. Finally, the direct link between reproductive and milk performance was also not clearly proved. To summarize our results, we can state that the diary cows in examined herd were above the milk performance average of Czech pied cattle bred in Czech Republic. At the same time, the reproduction performance was just on average of Czech Republic.
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Evaluation of performance and reproduction of Montbéliarde dams
JÍCHOVÁ, Eva
The objective of this study was assessing of utility and fertility in Montbéliarde cows and comparing with utility and fertility in Czech Spotted cows, bred in the same conditions. The recording was performed in the agricultural cooperative Bělčice, where both breeds are bred in the same conditions of environment, nutrition and care. The recording includes 366 cows (123 Montbéliarde cows {--} I, 109 Czech Spotted cows {--} C and 134 50 % Montbéliarde and 50 % Czech Spotted crossbreds - CI), which finished their lactation from 1.10.2004 until 13.7.2007. The fertility was assessed by reproduction indexes as first calving age, insemination period, meantime; and milk yield by utility indexes as quantity of milk; fat, protein, lactose contain, lactation persistence, length of lactation. There have been found important differences in reproduction indexes such as length of service period, length of meantime and first calving age. On I cows there was the biggest length of service period (124.5 days), even the length of meantime (414.6 days), on the contrary the CI group has reached the lowest numbers (99.7 and 377.2 days). Montbéliarde cows reached 844.7 days age when first calving, that is 52.6 days earlier than C group. Czech Spotted cows produced in average 7672.7 kg of milk per lactation when cross breeds produced 7677.1 kg and Montbéliarde cows produced 8708.5 kg of milk. Differences were statistically very significant. Montbéliarde cows had demonstrably lower (P $łeq$ 0,001) fat contain in milk (4.06 % in compare with 4.23 % by C and 4.21 % by CI). There wasn{\crq}t statistically significant difference recorded in protein contain among breeds by numbers 3.46 for C; 3.48 for CI and 3.46 for I. Because of the high milk yield of Montbéliarde cows, there was reached the highest production of fat (352.3 kg) even proteins (300.8 kg) in this breed. The highest index of lactation persistence was documented in Montbéliarde cows in level 89,9 in compare with the lowest reached level 85.4 (P $łeq$ 0.001) in the group of Czech Spotted cows.
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Comparing the impact of housing and milking technologies on selected indicators of performance and quality of milk
POLÁKOVÁ, Radka
The theme of this thesis is to compare free housing with a milking robot, milking of serious housing in the pipeline. The evaluation is focused on milk yield and its quality, reproductive performance and health. It is also monitored by the free choice of milking cows during the day. Consideration is also observed in stable microclimate. Everything is assessed under operational conditions. Object of study is a refurbished barn, where both systems are in operation. Were measured and compared observed values of milk production, reproduction and health status between groups. The observed values were evaluated in the program Statistica 9th of a computerized milking robot system was speciaed the period of time when Nada dairy milk provides the most of milk through a robot.. In the area of dairy cattle milking robot reaches a higher milk yield and increasing the percentage of lactose recovery. Milking stalls of the pipeline has better results in the percentage of protein recovery. The choice of time period of milking cows, the most milk by dairy cows wasprovided between 10:00-18:00 pm. In the area of reproduction achieved better results with loose housing milking robot. The issue of health status showed a statistically better health outcomes for the free housing with a milking robot.
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