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Aggregation reactions of chitosan in drinking water treatment
Leskovjanová, Jana ; Mega, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with treatment of surface waters containing humic substances. The most often used method of surface water treatment is coagulation with subsequent separation of aggregates. In this study, only perikinetic coagulation phase was studied. It is the phase when aggregates are formed by the Brownian motion only, i.e. without mixing. Separation of the formed aggregates was made by centrifugation. Coagulation tests were made under the laboratory conditions with model humic water. Humic substances were added from a concentrate, which was taken from a natural peatbog. The influence of temperature on the coagulation process was studied, ranging from 5 to 22 °C. Chitosan (natural biopolymer) was used as coagulant. In present, it is not used in Czech water treatment practice yet. No effect of temperature was observed when chitosan was used as coagulant. Influence of temperature was also studied with the use of aluminium and ferrous sulphates, which are used in common praxis as coagulation reagents. Influence of the temperature was observed and is in agreement with previously reported data of pilot-plant experiments by other researchers. Spectroscopic methods were used to evaluate the coagulation efficiency and determine residual concentration of aluminium and ferrous coagulant. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined for optimal doses. At first, coagulation tests were made under the laboratory temperature. This tests determined optimal aggregation time and optimal coagulant dose under low temperature. Afterwards, all coagulants used were compared at given temperatures.
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Monitoring of changes of drinking water quality during accumulation and distribution
Vaňková, Jitka ; Dolejš, Petr (referee) ; Mega, Jaroslav (advisor)
Theoretical part of the diploma thesis purveys information on drinking water and quality requirements, changes of drinking water quality during distribution and accumulation caused by disinfection, chemical processes, corrosion of constructional materials, incrusting solids, biofilms, nitrification of ammonia nitrogen, sediments in pipelines, elution of harmful matter. Attention was given to drinking water quality indicators which are associated with changes in drinking water distribution systems. In experimental part are studied changes of drinking water quality during distribution on the basis of selected drinking water quality indicators. There is specifically chemical oxygen demand, concentration of iron, manganese, ammonia ions, nitrites, nitrates, chloroform and chlorine. For periodical monitoring were selected suitable locality within the framework of Brno distribution system; for illustration were taken water samples from distribution systems of drinking water treatment plants Švařec, Vír, Štítary and Mostiště. For selected methods of analytical determination of above mentioned drinking water quality indicators are presented their characteristics. Obtained information on drinking water quality is mentioned in tabular and graphical form.
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MONITORING OF URANIUM IN DRINKING WATER IN THE SOUTH MORAVIAN REGION AND ITS ANALYSIS.
Hanusková, Vendula ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Ing.Dita Janečková, (advisor)
The determination of uranium in samples of the enviroment was considered for liquadeted chemical toxicity of uranium and it is impossible to leave out a potential occurrence in drinking water. The purpose of this diploma thesis was the monitoring of preselected public water supplies in the South Moravia and post action analysis of those samples. That was all on the basis of the requierement of the Regional Hygiene Station. For determination of trace concentrations of uranium in drinking waters the method ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma with Mass Spectrometry) was chosen. All of the results were then summarized and evaluated. At the end are proposed feasible solutions and precautions for public water supplies operators.
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Using the tertiary degree for water treatment
Kovačíková, Kristýna ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
Bachelor thesis will deal with water treatment options with greater pollution, when it is necessary to include after the secondary degree even the tertiary degree. It will be create an overwiev of equipments, which are suitable under certain conditions as tertiary degree and will be worked out a study with using of this degree. As part of this work is to create an overview facilities that are suitable under certain conditions, such as tertiary degree and next a study of water treatment with the use of this degree. The study designed middle water treatment plant and two sedimentation tanks, four european and three active carbon filters.
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Quality of drink water in Moravian-Silesian region
Diblíková, Michaela ; Navrátilová, Jana (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The objective of this work was determination of quality of waters made and spent in Moravskoslezský region by methods using Morava a. s laboratory. At interval from 2005 to 2006 was provided by the statistic analysis of accoplishments, that the maximum of pollution is microbial origin firstly by bacteries of Enterobacteriaceae tribe (coliform bacteries a E. coli). Chemical pollution was mainly provided by amonia ionts and by nitrates. It can may be contamination effect of inside or surface flows by fertilizers or septic tank wastes infiltrative.
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Water Treatment Plants in the Czech Republic
Pavlů, Tomáš ; Vašalovská, Petra (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The thesis is aimed on establishing of well arranged catalogue of selected water treatment plants in the Czech Republic, with special regard to basic information about particular plants. The first part is focused on general information about Czech water treatment plants, followed by water treatment categorization using several criteria, and the most commonly used water treatment technologies in the Czech Republic. The fourth part of the thesis is concentrated on data acquisition and its evaluation. Last but one part is represented by description of the individually visited water treatment plant. Finally, the thesis is completed with a catalogue of basic information about selected water treatment plants.
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Specific substances in drinking water sources
Konečný, Jiří ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis I dealt with specific substances which occures in sources of drinking water and pollutes quality of water. Especially its heavy metal, sulfur compounds, nitrogen, phosphorus and other. In this thesis I deal with possibilities about remove of these substances by using various methods, especially absorption on filter materials. These thesis is focused on using absorption on suitable materials for reduction of concentration arsenic and cadmium in drinking water. In first part I‘ve characterized subtances which occures in the water and outlined a way to remove them. Second part is focused on laboratory observation to efficiency of removing arsenic and cadmium on sorption materials.
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The Measures Provided in Water Supply Systems in the Dry Seasons
Machač, Tomáš ; Netušil, Lukáš (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The main objective of this work is to summarize the issue of water supply during drought. In a long dry periods may occur water shortage in water resources and difficulties in providing drinking water supplies due to this situation. The first part describes the drought in terms of meteorology and there is also described the occurrence of exceptionally dry seasons in Europe and the Czech Republic. The second part is devoted to water resources and their role in water supply systems. The following section describes the current status of legislation in the Czech Republic and water companies stances on the issue of drought and the creation of appropriate measures. The last comprehensive section is devoted to design concept of concrete measures that could be implemented in the future and can reduce the impact of drought on water supply systems and whole society.
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