|
|
Molecular physiology of low-voltage-activated T-type channels in neuropathic pain
Pelant, Tomáš ; Weiss, Norbert (advisor) ; Fišer, Radovan (referee)
Low-voltage activated T-type channels contribute significantly to signal transmission in ascending pain pathway. Their electrophysiological and biochemical properties allow them to modulate neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release. Alterations of electric currents associated with a number of neuronal disorders, including neuropathic pain and epilepsy, have been linked to this subtype of calcium channel, suggesting its prominent role in modulation of neuronal response to various noxious stimuli. Multiple diseases, such as diabetes, cancer or chronic nerve injury, are accompanied by painful neuropathic conditions. Specific inhibitors of T-type channels have been demonstrated to alleviate symptoms of neuropathic pain in mouse models, showing their potential for development of novel type of drugs possibly more effective than traditional analgesics, which exhibit minor effect in neuropathic pain treatment.
|
|
|
Case study of physiotherapy care of patient with inflammatory polyneuropathy
Pernicová, Alice ; Reckziegelová, Petra (advisor) ; Hamouzová, Dita (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy care of patient with inflammatory polyneuropathy Objectives: Summary of theoretical knowledge and processing of study reports of patients diagnosed with inflammatory polyneropathy. Methods: Thesis is divided into two parts - general and specific section. The general section includes professional information about polyneuropathy, dividing of polyneuropathy, clinical picture of patients, treatment a physiotherapy. Specific part of the thesis contain case study and rehabilitation plan. The case study was prepared at the time of practise from January 2 to January 27 2017 at the rehabilitation department in Hospital Kladno. Keywords: Polyneuropathy, physiotherapy, case study, neuropathic pain
|
|
|
Methods using preference in pain research
Komárková, Lucia ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Mrózková, Petra (referee)
The thesis deals with neuropathic pain measurement in laboratory mice and rats. Neuropathic pain is characterized besides evoked allodynia and hyperalgesia also by spontaneous pain and anhedonia, further motivational-affective part of pain is highlighted. Traditional pain threshold testing is not appropriate method to measure these aspects of pain. Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to describe preference methods in pain research. We focused on three methods - conditioned place preference, sucrose preference test and thermal place preference. The first mentioned method creates an association between pain relief and a specific place, which afterwards the animal prefers. The conditioned place preference can be used to detect spontaneous pain. Sucrose preference test monitors decrease in consumption of sugar water after exposure to chronic pain, which can be interpreted as a sign of depression, so thanks to this method we have the opportunity to explore the interaction between pain and depression. The thermal place preference method studies changes of preferences between the cold and hot plate after induction of pain or analgesics. The findings based on preference methods help us to examine all aspects of neuropathic pain and develop more options for pain treatment.
|
|
|
Case study of physiotherapy care for patients with Subacute sensomotoric axonal polyneuropathy
Krátká, Gabriela ; Reckziegelová, Petra (advisor) ; Štiková, Barbora (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy care for patients with Subacute sensomotoric axonal polyneuropathy . Objective: Summary of theoretical knowledge and the processing of study reports of patients diagnosed with Subacute sensomotoric axonal polyneuropathy. Abstract: This thesis is dividend into two main parts - general and special section. The general part includes anatomical and neurophysiological aspects of CIP characterized by its brief history, treatment, diagnosis, and precipitating factors. The special part is devoted to a case study and rehabilitation plan for the patient. The summary of the theoretical knowledge and the main goal of therapy was the recovery of a patient into a state most simile to full health. The case study was prepared at the time of practice from January 22nd to February 4th 2011 at the neurology department at the district hospital in Kladno a.s. Keywords: polyneuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, axonal and demylinating lesions, neuropathic pain, critical illness weakness Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
The role of angiotensin receptors in neuropathic pain
Kalynovska, Nataliia ; Paleček, Jiří (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating disorders. Currently available treatments for neuropathic pain are still unsatisfactory as they have only limited treatment effect and patients may suffer from unwanted side effects. Mechanism-based approaches to neuropathic pain treatment are considered to be more effective. Therefore multiple studies are dedicated to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropathic pain. One of the possible underlying mechanism that causes neuropathic pain is neuroinflammation. Recent studies suggested that angiotensin II ( main effector molecule of the renin-angiotensin system) via its receptors in the central nervous system may be involved in the neuroinflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of angiotensin receptor type 1 in the developement and maintenance of neuropathic pain induced in animal model. Spinal nerve ligation (L5) was used as a model of peripheral neuropathy. Our results showed that treatment with AT1R blocker losartan markedly reduced thermal hyperalgesia and reduced increased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in the SNL-operated rats.This indicates a possibly significant role of AT1 receptors in the development of neuropathic pain, probably due to reduction of neuroinflammation in the nervous system. These findings...
|
|
|
Psychoneuroimmunology of alexithymia
Uher, Tomáš ; Bob, Petr (advisor) ; Boleloucký, Zdeněk (referee) ; Smolík, Petr (referee)
Alexithymia represents a deficit in identifying and expressing emotions, paucity of fantasies, and an externally oriented cognitive style. Currently, numerous studies document that alexithymia and several mental and somatic disorders are significantly related. Several findings also indicate that this association might be caused by alexithymia related dysregulation of neuroendocrine and immune functions. Together these findings indicate that stressors related to alexithymia could underlie the process of neuroendocrine and immune dysregulation that likely may present a significant risk, sustaining and mediating pathogenesis of several disorders and particulary psychosomatic illnesses. In this context, it is also known that several proinflammatory cytokines may play a role in pain generation and that alexithymia is significantly associated with pain symptoms in several pain disorders. Following these findings this study includes several new data developing current state of the art and showing some alexithymia specific changes in patients with neurological disorders. Main finding of this study shows that alexithymia and anxiety in their specific interactions are linked to increased levels of interleukine-8 (IL-8) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the group of patients with non-inflammatory neurological...
|
|
|
Physiological significance of pain
Zámostná, Kateřina ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Pain is defined as a physiological process associated with negative emotional experience which warns our body about impending damage. Apart from neuropathic pain, which by definition has no purpose, pain in effect provides a defensive function. However, this role is already being fulfilled by a different mechanism - the defensive reflex, which is evolutionarily older. Therefore we can ask, whether pain is only an emotional experience attached to this reflex, or if it has its own functions. To determine the physiological purpose of pain a rare syndrome of congenital analgesia, characterized by complete absence of pain, will be used. Based on a comparison of clinical cases of the syndrome with a population without pain disorders individual functions of pain will be described and connected to the individual components of pain - sensory- discriminatiory and affective-motivational. The sensory-discriminatory component provides a defensive, diagnostic and an informative function. The defensive function is analogous to the defensive reflex. The informative function transmits information about a physiological process, where pain plays a key role - labour. Diagnostic function applies in medicine and is based on verbal description of the defensive function. Functions of the SD component are involved at the time of...
|
|
|
Pain perception in elders
Vítková, Jana ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
The aging of the population is one of the problems of the current period. With increasing age, we have to deal with the accompanying phenomenon more and more - the pain which significantly inconveniences the life and makes normal integration of elderly people into society impossible. This bachelor thesis summarises the present knowledge of pain in elderly people. It addresses the mechanism of pain perception, physiology of aging and types of pain which occur in elderly people. Some types of pain are accompanying diseases which occur during old age - neuropathic, chronic and oncologic pains. The higher occurrence of these types of pain could be explained by the progressive degeneration of nerve system during aging, either due to demyelization and reduction of the number of nerve fibres or due to accumulation of free radicals in the organism. On the other hand, there are some types of pain which elderly people feel with lower intensity - visceral and postoperative pain. At the same time, the pain threshold is increasing in the elderly people. This paradox, i.e. on one hand higher occurrence of chronic pain at higher intensity and on the other hand reduction of visceral pain and postoperative pain could be explained by diffuse noxious inhibitory controls. The current knowledge of the pain in the elderly is...
|
|
|
Pathological pain states, the role of synaptic modulation at spinal cord level
Nerandžič, Vladimír ; Paleček, Jiří (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
(English) Modulation of synaptic transmission in dorsal horn of spinal cord plays a key role in nociceptive signalling. Recent studies have indicated a great importance of presynaptic TRPV1 receptors (transient receptor potential vanilloid) in spinal cord. These receptors act as molecular integrator of nociceptive stimulation on periphery. The way of their activation and the effect on modulation of the synaptic transmission are not clarified yet. Previous studies demonstrated the influence of many inflammatory mediators and cytokins on TRPV1 receptors. The aim of our research was to show changes in activation of presynaptic TRPV1 receptors in the spinal cord following the application of endogenous agonist N-oleoyl dopamine (OLDA) in a model of peripheral neuropathy, after incubation with cytokine TNFα and to show the effect of precursor of anandamide N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE). In our experiments, we have recorded miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) from neurons of acute spinal cord slices by the patch-clamp method. The first series of experiments tested sensitivity to application of the endogenous agonist OLDA 5 days after evoking peripheral neuropathy. The frequency of mEPSC increased significantly - to 250 % of base level after applying a low concentration of OLDA (0,2...
|
|
|
Possibilities and importance of physiotherapy in diabetic polyneuropathy
ŠTÍCHOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis focuses on issues in diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetic polyneuropathy is one of the most frequent chronical complications in internal disease diabetes mellitus. The point is that the functions of peripheral nerves are being destroyed sensitive, motoric, even the autonomous ones. The destruction of these nerves is based on longstanding hyperglycaemia. Due to the variability of levels and localizations of afflictions, polyneuropathy is characterized by a huge amount of clinical symptoms pain, paraesthesia, amyosthenia, paresis etc. This disease is always very uncomfortable for a patient and it can be the cause of invalidity in the future. The main objective of the thesis is to bring fundamental theoretic information about diabetes mellitus and diabetic polyneuropathy and notify about possibilities of physiotherapy in therapy and prevention. To reach the research objective, I get some of physiotherapeutic methods to practice and then I evaluate the effectivity of therapy. First two chapters of the theoretical part describe diabetes mellitus and diabetic polyneuropathy in general. They contain a brief anatomy and basic information of these diseases. Chapter three comprises investigations that were used in diagnostics of the diabetic polyneuropathy. Fourth part informs about overall therapy and at the end the fifth is about possibilities of physiotherapy within a frame of polyneuropathy. In the experimental section of thesis, a qualitative form of research was chosen. It was performed by six patients, came from the Internal Practice of MUDr. Jitka Brádlerová, Aurora Spa, Třeboň. By the five of them, the diabetic polyneuropathy was actually diagnosed and by the last one it is in a phase of suspicion. Each of the patients' case report brings detailed anamnesis, kinesiology analyse, basic neurological examinations and two versions of the rehabilitation plan short and long-term one. There is subjective and objective evaluation of therapy's effectivity in the chapter seven, that is also annotated in discussion and conclusion of thesis. All the patients acknowledged an improvement in their status and that proclaims the therapy was selected properly. Bachelor theses can be useful as a comprehensive summary of information about diabetes mellitus and diabetic polyneuropathy, physiotherapeutic methods and their importance in the therapy of these diseases for physiotherapy students, physiotherapists, other medical staff even the laic public.
|
guest ::
