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Optical response of magnetic materials
Wagenknecht, David ; Ostatnický, Tomáš (advisor)
David Wagenknecht: Abstract of a diploma thesis Optical response of magnetic materials, 2014 Magnetooptical properties of anisotropic semiconductors are studied to describe asymmetry of Ga1−xMnxAs, because theoretical calculations predict extraordinary behaviour of reflectivity. Analytical formulae to describe materials with non-diagonal permittivity are derived and they are used for the numerical calculations to describe the optical response of the samples available for the measurement. The transversal Kerr effect is calculated and it exhibits asymmetry in both rotation of the plane of polarization and ellipticity of circularly polarized light due to asymmetry in reflectivity. Moreover, longitudinal and polar magnetization are studied because of the influence on the observability of the phenomena. Results are not only used to discuss conditions, which must be satisfied to prove the asymmetry, but also the actual experimental setup is designed to prepare the measurement. 1
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Modeling of anisotropic viscoelastic fluids
Šípka, Martin ; Tůma, Karel (advisor) ; Průša, Vít (referee)
In this thesis, we aim to create a framework for the derivation of thermodynamically consistent anisotropic viscoelastic models. As an example we propose simple models extending the isotropic Oldroyd-B and Giesekus models to illustrate the models' behavior and the process of finding the correct equations. We show what behavior in sheer we can expect and continue with a 3D simulation inspired by the experiment on a real liquid crystal mixture. Finally, we compare the simulation and the experiment to find similarities and possible further research topics.
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Magnetism in non-centrosymmetric uranium compound: UIrSi3
Valenta, Jaroslav ; Prchal, Jiří (advisor) ; Halevy, Itzhak (referee) ; Isnard, Olivier (referee)
Title: Magnetism in the non-centrosymmetric uranium compound: UIrSi3 Author: RNDr. Jaroslav Valenta Department: Department of Condensed Matter Physics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: RNDr. Jiří Prchal, Ph.D., DCMP Abstract: The study presented in this thesis is focused on UIrSi3 which is one of two known uranium compounds that crystallize in a non-centrosymmetric structure. This first study of UIrSi3 in single-crystalline form confirms antiferromagnetic order below TN = 41.7 K and reveals strong uniaxial anisotropy. The antiferromagnetic order is suppressed by application of a magnetic field along the c axis (0HC = 7.3 T at 2 K). In contrast, application of a magnetic field up to 14 T along the a axis gives paramagnetic response. The high TN, contrasting with the low 0HC, together with the opposite signs of the paramagnetic Curie temperatures of the a-axis and c-axis paramagnetic susceptibility indicate a competition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions. The first-order metamagnetic transition at HC shows asymmetric hysteresis which reflects a complex antiferromagnetic ground state. With increasing temperature, the hysteresis becomes gradually smaller and vanishes at 28 K where the first-order transition changes to second-order transition which remains up to TN. The point where the...
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Rock strength anisotropy - interpretation of laboratory tests
Vilimová, Anna ; Rott, Josef (advisor) ; Kučera, Petr (referee)
Anizotropní materiál má v různých směrech různé vlastnosti. Anizotropie pevnosti je zvláštní typ chování pevnosti v závislosti na podobě struktury horniny. Vliv na její velikost má zejména úhel mezi směrem zatížení a plochou oslabení, důležité jsou ale i další parametry jako je tvar a velikost vzorku, vlhkost aj. Podle tvaru této závislosti můžeme anizotropii rozdělit na "U type", "shoulder type" a "undulatory type" nebo ji můžeme členit podle způsobu jejího vzniku na přirozenou a vyvolanou. Pro výpočet pevnosti anizotropních materiálů existuje celá řada vztahů, většina z nich empiricky odvozená z velkého množství laboratorních zkoušek. V současné době nejpoužívanějším a nejkomplexnějším je Hoek-Brownovo kritérium porušení. Nejčastějším způsobem interpretace anizotropie pevnosti je grafické zpracování obálek pevnosti a závislosti napětí při porušení na úhlu mezi směrem zatížení a plochami oslabení. Kombinací těchto dvou grafů je možné vytvořit plochu porušení horniny. Skutečnost, že hornina nemá ve všech směrech stejnou pevnost, a způsob, jak anizotropii charakterizovat a spočítat její velikost, je zásadní zejména pro návrhy geotechnických konstrukcí a určení napěťového stavu horninového masívu.
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Anisotropy of thermal expansion in magnesium materials exhibiting texture
Škraban, Tomáš ; Drozd, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Mathis, Kristián (referee)
Magnesium alloys are valued for their low density and good mechanical pro- perties. Their characteristic is the tendency to obtain a texture during processing, which together with their hcp crystal structure results in the anisotropy of some physical properties. In this work we examine the effect of the texture on the aniso- tropy of thermal expansion of the widely used AZ31 and ZE10 magnesium alloys. These alloys are in the form of thin rolled sheets and we examine them in an as-recieved state and in a condition after an annealing. The measured samples are cut out of the metal sheet in the direction of rolling and in the perpendicular direction. The measurement is carried out in the temperature range from room temperature to 400 ◦ C. Measuring of the thermal expansion of sheets is problema- tic because they can bend and devalue the measurement results. The result of this work is a confirmation of the existence of this anisotropy and its description. 1
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Optical response of magnetic materials
Wagenknecht, David ; Ostatnický, Tomáš (advisor)
David Wagenknecht: Abstract of a diploma thesis Optical response of magnetic materials, 2014 Magnetooptical properties of anisotropic semiconductors are studied to describe asymmetry of Ga1−xMnxAs, because theoretical calculations predict extraordinary behaviour of reflectivity. Analytical formulae to describe materials with non-diagonal permittivity are derived and they are used for the numerical calculations to describe the optical response of the samples available for the measurement. The transversal Kerr effect is calculated and it exhibits asymmetry in both rotation of the plane of polarization and ellipticity of circularly polarized light due to asymmetry in reflectivity. Moreover, longitudinal and polar magnetization are studied because of the influence on the observability of the phenomena. Results are not only used to discuss conditions, which must be satisfied to prove the asymmetry, but also the actual experimental setup is designed to prepare the measurement. 1
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Study of associated anisotropy decay curves of tryptophan fluorescence of proteins
Pultarová, Martina ; Večeř, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Heřman, Petr (referee)
This work focuses on simulation of anisotropy decay curves of a model system where protein P1 with one tryptophan interacts with regulating protein P2 without tryptophan to form a complex P1P2 with simultaneous change of tryptophan fluorescence lifetime of the complex. Under these conditions, the heterogeneous solution of proteins P1 and P1P2 exhibits non- exponential fluorescence anisotropy decay which is deduced also from equations presented in this work. Such curves analytically simulated with and without Poisson noise are the main results of this work. The heterogeneous curves were analyzed using computer programs developed earlier for homogeneous systems. As expected such analysis yields correct values of fluorescence lifetimes but does not recover anisotropy parameters used in simulations. Despite of high intensities of simulated data, anisotropy decay curves of homogeneous solutions are very noisy and can be used only on a relatively short time interval of their decay.
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Characterization of migmatite fracturing using ultrasonic methods
Petružálek, Matěj ; Vilhelm, Jan (advisor) ; Vavryčuk, Václav (referee) ; Koktavý, Pavel (referee)
Submitted PHD thesis is focused on fracturing process of migmatite, which is a low porosity anisotropic rock. Migmatite, from a locality Skalka, was chosen as a suitable experimental material, namely due to its macroscopically visible, plane-parallel structure (foliation). The fracturing was studied by means of uniaxial loading experiments on cylindrical samples with different dip of migmatite foliation: 13ř (subhorizontal), 81ř (subvertical) and oblique (47ř and 67ř). The net of eight piezoceramic transducers was employed for ultrasonic sounding (US) measurement and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring during the loading experiments. Realized study of migmatite fracturing is based on the interpretation of both mentioned ultrasonic methods. Part of this work was a software development, including its testing for processing and interpretation of measured AE and US data. Methodical part of the thesis consists of: development and testing of algorithms for automatic P wave arrival detection; introduction of anisotropic velocity model to describe magnitude and orientation of velocity anisotropy, as well as to localize AE events in anisotropic velocity field; determination of crack initiation stress using first arrival amplitude of US. Based on the interpretation of AE and US data, there was found a...
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Optical response of magnetic materials
Wagenknecht, David ; Ostatnický, Tomáš (advisor) ; Antoš, Roman (referee)
David Wagenknecht: Abstract of a diploma thesis Optical response of magnetic materials, 2014 Magnetooptical properties of anisotropic semiconductors are studied to describe asymmetry of Ga1−xMnxAs, because theoretical calculations predict extraordinary behaviour of reflectivity. Analytical formulae to describe materials with non-diagonal permittivity are derived and they are used for the numerical calculations to describe the optical response of the samples available for the measurement. The transversal Kerr effect is calculated and it exhibits asymmetry in both rotation of the plane of polarization and ellipticity of circularly polarized light due to asymmetry in reflectivity. Moreover, longitudinal and polar magnetization are studied because of the influence on the observability of the phenomena. Results are not only used to discuss conditions, which must be satisfied to prove the asymmetry, but also the actual experimental setup is designed to prepare the measurement. 1
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