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Between Morphology and Word-formation: the Grammatical Category of Number in Toponyms
Štěpán, Pavel
The paper deals with the specific functions of the grammatical category of number in Czech toponyms. As proper nouns form a specific sphere of the language, also their grammatical categories may display differences from the core of the lexicon. In many toponyms the plural ending does not fulfil the usual role of the grammatical ending, for it does not express the plurality or the multiple character of the object (e.g. the fact that the object consists of several parts). The use of the plural ending is merely analogical in many toponyms, the analogy is based on mechanical imitation of the form of other toponyms. In these cases the plural ending functions rather as a derivative word-formation suffix than a mere grammatical ending. On the other hand, in some toponyms the grammatical function of the plural ending is still kept. The decisive criterion for the detection of the function of the plural ending is based on the details of the given naming act.
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Harmonisation of Language Resources for Word-Formation of Multiple Languages
Kyjánek, Lukáš ; Ševčíková, Magda (advisor) ; Zeman, Daniel (referee)
In the field of Natural Language Processing, word-formation is under-resourced comparing to inflectional morphology. Moreover, the existing resources capturing word-formation differ in many aspects. This thesis aims to review existing language resources for word-formation across languages and to unify them to a common data structure and file format. Basic notions of word-formation are followed by a review of existing language resources and their comparison in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. In the core part of the thesis, the harmonisation process is presented. Design decisions on the unification procedure are presented, and the selection of the resources to unify is described. The resources are unified to the rooted tree data structure and stored in a lexeme-based file format, which is already used in DeriNet 2.0. The procedure applies supervised machine learning model and the Maximum Spanning Tree algorithm. While the model scores word-formation relations, the MST algorithm uses the scores for identifying the rooted tree structure in each word-formation family. The resulting collection of harmonised resources covering 20 European languages was published under the title 'Universal Derivations' (UDer).
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Anglicisms in the Facebook Communication of English Language Students
Cvrčková, Hana ; Richterová, Jana (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
This bachelor thesis studies the occurrence of anglicisms in the communication among the students of the English language at the Faculty of Education, Charles University. The communications researched concerned the Facebook groups reserved specifically for students of this subject. The theoretical part explains the term anglicism in the context of word formation, its assimilation and significance for word-stock enrichment in the Czech language. The practical part presents the research conducted by the analysis of the corpus of posts and comments in the Facebook groups of students of the English language. The primary hypothesis presumes that more cases occur of students expressing a longer part of the utterance in English rather than of using a single English word in otherwise Czech utterance. It is accompanied by the evaluation of the necessity of the usage of anglicisms and an exploration of the possible reasons behind it. This discussion is supported by a questionnaire conducted among the English students of the Faculty of Education, Charles University. The aim of the qualitative hypothesis is to prove that the main reason for using anglicisms in the Czech utterance is their simpler or shorter form than the Czech equivalent has. The first hypothesis was disproved as 60 % of the 530 items in the...
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The comparison of the Czech-Russian vocabulary on the topic sport
Koldcsiterová, Anna ; Konečný, Jakub (advisor) ; Rozboudová, Lenka (referee)
ANNOTATION: The thesis is devoted to the terminology of sports in Czech-russian comparison. In the theoretical part, lexicology is characterized as a science studying vocabulary. There are also word-forming processes described and processes of vocabulary enrichment. The theoretical part includes a characteristic of etymology as a science researching origin of words. In the practical part, an analysis of linguistic material that was gained by the excerption of lexemes of sports theme were performed. This material was classified according to criteria set in advance. An analysis of didactic file Raduga po- novomu was performed. The aim of the analysis is to find out an occurrence of the observed lexical units. The final product is a Czech-russian sport thematic dictionary. KEYWORDS: lexicology, word-formation, comparison, sport, thematic dictionary
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