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The influence of anesthesia on the degree of DNA oxidative damage
Zubáňová, Veronika ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Background: Oxidative damage is one of the most frequent types of cell components damage leading to oxidation of lipids, proteins and the molecule of DNA. As a consequence, there is a higher occurrence of several pathologies such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer; or diabetes. In our study, influence of whole body anesthesia during minor surgery on the level of DNA damage was examined using comet assay technique. Methods: The basic principle of this method is fixing the cells (lymphocytes) in agarose, their lysis for the removal of membranes, incubation with the specific enzymes and electrophoresis of the released cell nuclei. During the electrophoresis, free low-molecular weight and negatively charged fragments of DNA move towards anode which causes the formation of the typical comet cell shape. Finally, the gels are stained by ethidium bromide (DNA intercalating dye) and visualized. Results: We have observed single strand breakages (SSBs) and, with the use of modified assay using specific enzymes for detection of specific lesions, also oxidized purines and pyrimidines. The extent of DNA damage as determined by the intensity of the tail of the comet was quantified using LUCIA Comet Assay (Laboratory Imaging, Czech Republic) software for image analysis. The results were used...
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Bioactive substances of rose hip
Ďubašáková, Mária ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Veselá, Mária (advisor)
The aim of this master´s thesis was to determine the concentration of bioactive substances such as total polyphenols and flavonoids as well as the total antioxidant capacity in tea extracts from Rosa canina. In the second part, an experiment was found to detect antimicrobial activity and an effective concentration of ethanol against selected bacteria. The theoretical part is focused on description of natural antioxidants and their effect on free radicals, description of tea, description of rose hazel and possibilities of spectrophotometric determination of natural substances and eventually basic distribution of bacteria. In the experimental part, ethanol and aqueous extracts were prepared in which the total number of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant effects. The results of the determination of polyphenols and flavonoids show that the solvent with ethanol is more suitable for flower fermentation and water is more suitable for dropping the rose. Comparison of the antioxidant activity of macerates showed no significant differences; slightly higher antioxidant activity showed macerates from pink flowers. The extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus and slightly against Bacillus cereus. The highest antimicrobial activity was determined for the micrococcus luteus
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Lipid composition of biological membranes as a pace-maker of metabolic rate and life-histories
Šimonová, Kateřina ; Tomášek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Vojtek, Libor (referee)
Slože í iologi ký h e rá á zásad í vliv a pol e as e é ast é k seli , jako je apříklad DHA, jsou vel i itlivé k poškoze í vol ý i radikál , oproti o o e as e ý MUFA a as e ý SFA ast ý k seli á . předpokladu, že spolu s e as e ostí e rá se zv šuje o idač í u poškoze í a ásled ě r hlost stár utí, vz ikla a e akerová teorie stár utí Tato h potéza je slože á ze dvou částí. Prv í z týká souvislosti ezi slože í e rá a délkou života, kd živoči hové s ví e e as e ý i e rá a i s v šší pero idač í i de e a počte dvoj ý h vaze ěli ít, dík v šší itlivosti k o idač í u kratší délku života Tato část ašla této rešerši podporu. Druhá část týkají í se slože í e rá a r hlosti eta olis u, la větši ou studií v vrá e a. Me rá ů v šší r hlostí eta olis u spíše é ě e as e é oproti e rá á živoči hů po alejší eta olis e , se e ašla sig ifika t í korela e ož h potézou.
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Physiological adaptations associated with body size and longevity in endothermic vertebrates
Pazdera, Lukáš ; Tomášek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Blažek, Radim (referee)
Abstact Lifespan is related to a number of physiological processes that are interconnected. Longevous species are assumed to have evolved certain physiological adaptations that slow down ageing rate and enable long lifespan. The aim of my thesis was to review physiological traits that has been hypothesised to be associated with lifespan, and to evaluate the empirical support for such hypotheses. Studies testing the association of these traits with body size has also been included in my thesis, as body size is known to be tightly related to lifespan. Traits that are reviewed in my thesis due to their hypothesised coevolution with lifespan are as follows: metabolic rate (i.e., a total amount of energy expended by the organism per unit of body mass and unit of time), oxidative stress resistance, telomere length and rate of telomere shortening and intensity of stress and immune responses. Key words: Lifespan, longevity, survival, reproduction, oxidative stress, free radicals, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, metabnolic rate, immunity, antioxidants
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Vliv podnoží révy na obsah fenolických látek
Čapka, Miroslav
This thesis deals with the effect of grapevine rootstock on the content of phenolic compounds in-knows them. Phenolic compounds are biologically active substances in the plant, which also, indicate Pohl-free radicals and have strong antioxidant effects. Phenolic compounds are mentioned in connection with beneficial effects on human health. The thesis describes the impact on our most used rootstock for the content of phenolic compounds in wine from white grapes and red varieties Hibernal, Marlen and Cerason. Part of the thesis describes the origin and evolution of phenolic compounds and their effects on plant and positive health effects. The work includes a practical assessment of the impact of various rootstocks content of phenolics, which is undoubtedly the influence proved.
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Studium antioxidační kapacity vybraných druhů drobného ovoce
Hromadová, Hana
The bachelor Studies of antioxidant capacity of selected species of small fruit was drafted in the years 2015-2016 at the Institute of Post-Harvest Technology of Horticultural Products of Horticultural Faculty, Mendel University in Brno. The aim of the study was to characterize antioxidant substances and their effects on human health. Further to describe the ingredients with antioxidation effect in fruit of selected species of small fruit. Based on laboratory experiments to verify experimentally antioxidant capacity of selected species of small fruit. It was observed a total of 13 varieties, including 4 species, Cornus mas, Sorbus acuparia, Hippophae rhamnoides and Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica. To evaluate the antioxidant capacity were chosen FRAP and DPPH methods.
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Antioxidanty v bylinných čajích
Procházková, Anna
This bachelor thesis under the name Antioxidants in Herbal Teas concerns in antioxidants which are to be found in plant substances, in their qualities and use with their partially healing or preventive effects in a herbal tea form. Firstly, this work deals with defining what free radicals, oxidative stress and antioxidants are. It divides the antioxidant groups into substances of flavonoid and non-flavonoid nature. Subsequently, it tries to objectively explain their positive as well as negative impact on human organism, e.g. during an excessive intake of these substances or supplied to those with weakened immune system. In its final part, the work deals with the way of herbal tea preparation, characteristics of herbs used for tea mixture production and their ipact on human organism.
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The influence of anesthesia on the degree of DNA oxidative damage
Zubáňová, Veronika ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Background: Oxidative damage is one of the most frequent types of cell components damage leading to oxidation of lipids, proteins and the molecule of DNA. As a consequence, there is a higher occurrence of several pathologies such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer; or diabetes. In our study, influence of whole body anesthesia during minor surgery on the level of DNA damage was examined using comet assay technique. Methods: The basic principle of this method is fixing the cells (lymphocytes) in agarose, their lysis for the removal of membranes, incubation with the specific enzymes and electrophoresis of the released cell nuclei. During the electrophoresis, free low-molecular weight and negatively charged fragments of DNA move towards anode which causes the formation of the typical comet cell shape. Finally, the gels are stained by ethidium bromide (DNA intercalating dye) and visualized. Results: We have observed single strand breakages (SSBs) and, with the use of modified assay using specific enzymes for detection of specific lesions, also oxidized purines and pyrimidines. The extent of DNA damage as determined by the intensity of the tail of the comet was quantified using LUCIA Comet Assay (Laboratory Imaging, Czech Republic) software for image analysis. The results were used...
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