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Impacts of migration on the livelihoods of urban settlers of southwestern Ghana
Mantey, Perri
This study offers links between migration, development and sustainable livelihoods that cannot be overlooked especially taking into consideration the institutional factors that connect the three. It often implies the urban areas’ full expansion is characterised by not only progressively accelerated growth but also leaving the urban environment and livelihoods at risk. This study has been conducted with the objectives of detecting the impact of migration on urban settlers' base on urban livelihoods, assessing adaptive and copping livelihood strategies of urban centres. This research aims to identify the impact of migration on the livelihood of urban settlers concerning the problems they face by putting much focus on the case of the Accra, Cape Coast and Takoradi Metropolis of Ghana. Regardless of the diverse livelihood strategies practised by urban settlers, it argues that majority of the development literature related to the study assumes that inactive patterns in society are the norm instead making the case that urban migration is often the rule, rather than the exception. The movement of people should be seen as just one of the livelihood strategies open to settlers, that combine with other plans, and that it is often a two-way process in which migrants maintain close relationship with one another as their areas of origin over a much more extended period than is commonly assumed. These concerns exploited through an investigation on the economic and social problems faced by urban settlers that is the economic and social effects of the issues faced by urban dwellers and the coping strategies they have adopted with regards to their livelihoods. The study adopted an explanatory, exploratory and cross-sectional study that aimed at finding out the problems urban settlers face in the Southwestern part of Ghana. The also study employed interview schedule within the southeastern part of Ghana as instruments for data collection. In all 50 respondents were sampled from three metropolitan assemblies within the southeast belt of the country namely Accra Metropolis, Takoradi Metropolis and Cape Coast Metropolis. Based on the analysed data, this study finds that urban settlers cannot separate themselves from impending social and economic problems with regards to their livelihood. Urban dwellers had difficulties with the unplanned settlement, low income generating activities amongst others. It attributes to the fact that settlers believe that there are better living conditions at urban centres as compared to their places of origin. Also, the metropolitans under study were negatively affected a majority of the public setters particularly the youth engaged in social vices because of lack of social amenities. Furthermore, many settlers within the three metropolitan assemblies studied resulted in trading to make a livelihood as a coping strategy. The study ended with future suggestions for research that would address similar concerns and examine the processes in rural centres that determine poverty and policy impacts as well as understanding the impact of development policy on socioeconomic change. Above all the suggestions for development and growth management within urban areas and Ghana as a whole, as well as for future research.
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Rozhraní města a krajiny
Zejbrdlichová, Jitka
My dissertation thesis The interface between city and the landscape, centers on an area of the locally prominent rock Marianska skala in the city Usti nad Labem. The final design is a form of urbanistic-architectural study. The design methodology is based on city analysis and public research as mental mapping. The subject area has strong potential and natural values, however at present there is a minimal usage of this area by the local residents. The project therefore aims to integrate the area into a functional city system, with the rock becoming a key post of the connection between city center and the surrounding landscape. By addressing the challenges of integrating the city into the fabric of the surrounding landscape, the project explores the limits and possibilities of permeability. The thesis introduces aspects of the historical interface between city and the landscape, and this is the main principle the thesis is based on. New functions and elements as a forest park, as well as a sport and recreation area, are designed to revive the site and surrounding area. Designed for residents and tourists alike, creating a new dialogue between users, the historical landscape, and modern concepts of sport, tourism and ecology. Emphasis is put on the natural values and their protection. The design of the individual parts combine to promote and celebrate the rock Marianska skala as an important orientation point and vertically dominant feature of the city structure.
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Food security problems in West Africa - case study Mali and Senegal
Strolený, Martin
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the food security problems in West Africa together with further analysis of Mali and Senegal. Furthemore, this thesis provides an insight into geographic positions, agricultural development and overall hunger situations of chosen areas as these all named aspects have both direct and indirect impacts on food security. To measure the food security in chosen regions two different indexes were used in order to ensure maximal accuracy of the analyzed criteria (the Global Hunger Index and the Global Food Security Index). Moreover, the thesis analyzes main geographic and demographic challenges in the region and their correlations wtih food security issues. Next, different regional organizations and policies focused on the development of the areas are described. Based on the theoretical and analytical research and results of the thesis, recommendations for sustainable development and improvement of food security are eventually provided.
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Influence of urbanization patterns on the escape behaviour of birds
Dontová, Alena ; Mikula, Peter (advisor) ; Brlík, Vojtěch (referee)
Urbanization, i.e., the anthropogenic transformation of natural habitats into urban areas, has significant impact on the biodiversity. One of the key factors for successful animal survival in urban environments is the increase in their tolerance towards humans manifested by their decreased shyness. One of the field methods for assessing the level of the shyness across different individuals, populations, and species of animals is measuring their flight initiation distance. In this thesis, I focus primarily on birds, as their responses have been most extensively studied. Previous studies focused on differences in escape behaviour among birds mainly between urban and rural areas, and focused mainly on Europe and North America. However, human settlements vary in their history, size, population density, and other characteristics. Therefore, the observed patterns in bird behaviour may not always be universally applicable across all cities. In this thesis, through a literature review, I summarize how the escape behaviour of birds differs not only between urban and rural environments but also depending on the characteristics of human settlements, such as their size, history, degree of urbanization, the density of the local human population and the ecoregion. I found that the most important characteristics are the...
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Insects as a model group of organisms for the research of knowledge about and attitudes to invertebrate animals
Jelínek, Filip ; Mourek, Jan (advisor) ; Janšta, Petr (referee)
This thesis is a literature review that aims to process the available literature on attitudes towards insects, knowledge about insects and the ways in which the perception of insects by humans can be influenced. In the chapters focused on attitudes towards insects, I show how the emotions of disgust and fear lead to negative views of insects and, conversely, how the perception of their beauty and importance promotes positive views of insects. In the knowledge section, I show how people confuse true information about insects with myths, inaccurately distinguishing between what is an insect and what is not, which insects are dangerous and which are not. In the last chapters, I present the literature that deals with the ways in which attitudes towards insects and knowledge about insects can be influenced. I deal with the effect of urbanization, experiential educational programs and the picture of insects in human culture, namely in language, poetry, fictional literature and fine arts
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The influence of urban greenery on the quality of the environment
Prokš, Dominik ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of the impact of urban green space on the quality of the environment. As the first topic the concept of urbanization appears and closely related to this is what the city as such represents for society. Furthermore, much attention is already paid to urban green spaces and their functions and effects on the urban environment. Public greenery has an impact on air and climate functions, as well as on rainwater management, preventing the spread of noise, trapping dust and, finally, greenery has a positive effect on the psyche of the inhabitants. Furthermore, the maintenance and care of plants and grassland is addressed. In the practical part, is discussed the concept of management and form of public urban greenery in the territory of the Statutory City of Brno, where, among other things, are described the assigned individual managers of urban greenery in the territory of the city and their duties and problems associated with maintenance. The function of the geological and informative system called GIS is also presented, which is an application for the administrators and the public for a clear orientation in the city and its environment. The last chapter is devoted to the measurement of pollutant concentrations in Brno's air.
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Greenery of public spaces in new residential areas (residential areas on the outskirts of the cities)
Horká, Julie ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Otruba, Ivan (referee) ; Urbášková, Hana (referee) ; Wittmann, Maxmilian (advisor)
In the current post-industrial society, with increasing requirement of sustainability, greenery significantly participates in the spatial, operational and functional organization of the urban environment. The first part of the thesis introduces relationship between formation and structure of greenery in an urban environment from the historical point of view. Elements of greenery in an urban environment and on its margins filled a variety of functions: from productional and aesthetical to the recreational and ecological. Green areas have also gradually become an important public space. In the current urban environment, areas of vegetation arise mainly in the form of recultivation of post-industrial areas, adjusted smaller parks, greenery of business and entertainment centers, or greenery of residential units. The thesis is focusing on the last mentioned type, which should be in the closest coexistence with residential environment and on the possibilities of creating eco-residential units, which can become a substitute /or at least one of the possible options/ to mono-functional residential zones emerging on the outskirts of our cities and in the open countryside and act against the ongoing suburbanization and its negative effects. The text of doctoral thesis is trying to find qualitative aspects of greenery which supports the creation of living, attractive and sustainable public spaces. Comparison and evaluation of selected examples from abroad /Austria, Germany, Holland/ and also from the Czech Republic brings us the definition of the necessary and optimum qualitative properties of greenery in public, but also semi-public spaces of residential complexes. These examples of good practice may be used - as a whole or in parts – as inspiration for the development of residential projects in the Czech Republic, either in preferred brownfields areas or in carefully selected areas of new development. The final chapter emphasizes the inseparability of the creation of public spaces and greenery in residential areas from the sustainable development of the area in terms of a penetrable and compact city.
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Aspects of housing in high-rise buildings in China
Toman, Radek ; Kováč, Bohumil (referee) ; Topolčanská, Maria (referee) ; Hlaváček, Petr (referee) ; Havliš, Karel (advisor)
Modern cities are under the pressure of big social and building development. The thesis is based on aspects of housing and living of society in 21th century cities. Now China has been an extreme example of rapid urbanization. It gives us an opportunity to gain knowledge about urban development. Based on the analysis of selected examples of urban housing the thesis shows the options for the future alternatives of living. The work was process during my academic internship at Southeast University in Nanjing, China.
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Principles of formation of urban greenery as a part of urban interior
Hrubanová, Denisa ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Havliš, Karel (referee) ; Prof.Ing.Ivar Otruba,CSc. (referee) ; Wittmann, Maxmilian (advisor)
Urban interior environment mostly serves as a place for various meetings and social events. Thus, these spaces come alive thanks to people, who give them reason and meaning. However, the question is what role urban interior has in the present day, which, at the beginning of the new millennium, is characterized by a high degree of individualism. Within the deurbanization tendencies, buildings and adjoining areas in central parts of cities are often abandoned and the activities move to the periphery. If we want to return the social function to the urban interior, as a place of pleasant encounters and relationships, we need to approach its formation with respect to current trends in the development of human society. From the perspective of sustainable development, it is also necessary not to extend the boundaries of urbanized area to adjacent landscape, while abandoning the central locations in cities, but to maintain their intensive character. From this point of view, it is necessary to realize, that it is the greenery that gives the city an opportunity to perceive public spaces as an integral part of urban life and not just as places that people walk through having no reason to stay longer than necessary. Application of greenery in urban interior provides many positive features to the city. Greenery is an added value that can also operate independently as a functional unit that links the other functions of the urban organism. Both in its solitary form and in line or area applications. Along with water elements, urban furniture, various hard surfaces and landscaping, greenery creates a pleasant and interesting living environment in the city that can be desirable and sought-after again.
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When the wolves are gone
Preininger, Petr ; Fránek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Mléčka, Jan (advisor)
583/5000 The city grows extensively - it creates rings around it. As a result, it leads to the formation of urban sprawl in the scale of entire cities. There is a density paradox - while the city is growing, its population density is decreasing. Due to a chronic lack of intensity (which evokes a feeling of "normal") occurs at the slightest hint hallucinations. Normality becomes a powerful drug. A typical plan must reflect all the needs of Homo Civitatis. They must transform from open space offices to its original intent. In a regular interval duplication typical plan discontinued and replaced with public space.
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