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Modern trends in radiographic procedures and methods in defectoscopy
Skřivánková, Vendula ; Vlašic, František (referee) ; Juliš, Martin (advisor)
Presented thesis deals with modern trends and techniques in radiographic methods of crack detection which are recently used in engineering practice. In the first part, conventional (analogue) radiography principles based on creating a visible image of tested object to radiographic film are discussed. The next part is aimed to the digital radiography and radioscopy. To digitize existing X-ray film images, application of storage phosphor plates (CR), flat panels (DR) and computed tomography (CT).
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Locating welds defects on cranes.
Zíka, Luboš ; Hála, Michal (referee) ; Kubíček, Jaroslav (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the problematics of weld defects of cranes localisation and check. The aim is to analyse non-destructive methods, monitor the occurence of defects and their form and also to suggest the procedure of correction. The work is divided into a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, there is an analysis of individual methods of non-destructive testing that are used for weld check on a particular girder. There is also an analysis of welding technologies used when making a crane girder. The practical part deals with evaluation of weld defects using two methods of non-destructive testing. Furthermore, statistics of defects is realised. In conclusion, the statistics outcome is resumed and evaluated.
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Pediatric radiology - specifics of selected radiological examinations
ZACHAROVÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of the examination of pediatric patients in the radiology department. The theoretical part describes how different is the work with children, not only in terms of developmental differences (anatomical, physiological and psychological), but also the established procedures which, if applied correctly, should lead to a reduction in the resulting radiation dose to the paediatric patient or his/her companion. Furthermore, in individual chapters, it introduces the reader in more detail to the specifics of the examination of children in the radiology department, specifically on X-ray (scans), computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Within my practical part, two objectives were set in total. The first aim was to determine whether the accompanying person was sufficiently informed about the examination process - its advantages and disadvantages. The second aim was to find out which examinations are most frequently performed by children under 6 years of age in the radiology department. The questionnaire survey and data analysis of the radiology department of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s. was used. It was found that the accompanying persons were sufficiently informed about the ongoing examination, but they did not always understand the information sufficiently. The data analysis revealed that children were most often examined by means of scanography, skiascopy and magnetic resonance imaging. Only a small fraction of children were diagnosed by computed tomography, mainly because of the high level of ionising radiation a child receives during this examination. The main result is that applying experts are very careful about pediatric radiation hygiene. Children are first examined using modalities that impose very little burden. This is also helped by the correct education of the accompanying person, whose presence can calm the child or, if necessary, can hold the child.
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The role of the radiographer in stomatology
STEINEROVÁ, Karolína
This bachelor's thesis focuses on radiological imaging methods and their use in dentistry. Radiological devices have been developing rapidly recently and have become a common part of dental outmous clinics. They are used not only in the field of dental and surgical dentistry, but also in aesthetic dental treatments. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The aim is to map the advantages and disadvantages of each type of device and theri suitability of their use in dentistry. The theoretical part deals with basic anatomical concepts of the orofacial field, an overview of radiological diagnostic devices, their use in the field of dentistry and specially aesthetic dentistry, and the associated radiation protection of workers and patients. Furthermore, it focuses on the basic aesthetic anomalies of the teeth and their treatment, which usually precedes the imaging of the target area. The second part of the thesis was compiled on the basis of a questionnaire survey conducted. Two questionnaires were created concerning the use of imaging methods in the aesthetic repair of teeth, the equipment of dental workplaces and access to patients from the point of view of imaging and radiation protection from the point of view of patients and dentists. The aim was to answer research questions about the use of radiology in aesthetic dentistry and the level of information patients receive about their radiological examinations. According to research, the largest representation is the intraoral type of imaging, namely bitewing image, which is suitable for basic diagnosis of dental anomalies as well as changes in the structure of the tooth. This method is easy, fast and practically without any extra burden put on the patient. The most commonly performed aesthetic procedure turned out to be treatment with orthodontic apparatus, in which imaging of the original position of the teeth is necessary. The least used method in the field of dentistry is magnetic resonance imaging, due to the availability and creation of artifacts in images from dental metal fillings. Research shows that patients are not properly informed about the course, necessity or consequences of radiological examination. Although the dose of ionizing radiation is negligible in dental imaging examinations, the doctor should prevent and inform the patient of the patient's concerns. More than half of respondents consider X-rays to be health-burdensome.
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Detection, Extraction and Measurement of the Length of the Metacarpal Bones in X-Rays of the Human Hand
Chalupnik, Alexandr ; Rydlo, Štěpán (referee) ; Drahanský, Martin (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is the design and implementation of an algorithm for the detection, extraction and measurement of the length of the metacarpal bones in x-rays of the human hand. The first part is focused on the principles of x-rays and the anatomy of the human hand. The second part contains the design and implementation of the task. The algorithm is based on image processing methods, such as thresholding or edge detection. In the end, the measurement results are evaluated on a set of images, which were provided by the Department of Anthropology at Masaryk University.
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Set possible causes for capacity loss of capacitors
Fabiánek, Marcel ; Špinka, Jiří (referee) ; Starý, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis deals with formation of defects on through-hole capacitors. Process of wave soldering and its steps are described in the first part. The listing and description of possilble defects caused by wave soldering is followed after the first part. There are several sources of potential causes of capacity loss and a separate chapter to these causes. The last part contains a proposal of testing individual potencional causes. Their purpose is to reveal the root causes of formation of the defects and then the practical solution is described.
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Noninvasive image analysis of hallux valgus
Setínková, Jana ; Lopot, František (advisor) ; Kubový, Petr (referee)
6 Abstract Title: Noninvasive image analysis of hallux valgus. Objectives: Propose a simple, cheap, fast and non-invasive method for diagnostics and monitoring the effect of therapy of hallux valgus deformity. Methods: Evaluation the parameters in X-ray and photography which were taken before and after therapy of hallux valgus. I measured angles on foot in programme AutoCAD and confront the correlation of angles in X-ray and photography. I also looked for an angle similar to the hallux valgus angle. Results: The method of photography can be effective in physiotherapeutic practise. This diploma is a case study, therefore we cannot consider the results implicitly significant. Keywords: Hallux valgus angle, X - ray, photography, HV I angle, HV II angle
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Dimensional measurements from a limited set of X-ray projections
Iser, Tomáš ; Horáček, Jan (advisor) ; Křivánek, Jaroslav (referee)
Modern non-destructive approaches for quality control in manufacturing often rely on X-ray computed tomography to measure even difficult-to-reach features. Unfortunately, such measurements require hundreds or thousands of calibrated X-ray projections, which is a time-consuming process and may cause bottlenecks. In the recent state-of-the-art research, tens and hundreds of projections are still required. In this thesis, we examine the radiography physics, technologies, and ex- isting solutions, and we propose a novel approach for non-destructive dimensional measurements from a limited number of projections. Instead of relying on com- puted tomography, we formulate the measurements as a minimization problem in which we compare our parametric model to reference radiographs. We propose the whole dimensional measurements pipeline, including object parametrizations, material calibrations, simulations, and hierarchical optimizations. We fully im- plemented the method and evaluated its accuracy and repeatability using real radiographs of real physical objects. We achieved accuracy in the range of tens or hundreds of micrometers, which is almost comparable to industrial computed tomography, but we only used two or three reference radiographs. These results are significant for industrial quality control. Acquiring...
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Analyse and Optimise Production Process of Prototypes
Hamr, Tomáš ; Zatloukal, Miroslav (referee) ; Starý, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis summarizes basic findings about issues of making development samples of PCB. The emphasis is especially on required quality which complies with mentioned norms. The theoretical section includes methodology for evaluating quality dismounted boards, assembling and soldering, parameters of components under different environmental circumstances. The practical part is carried out in cooperation with the department EEG in R&D Automotive Lighting Jihlava. It is dedicated to the design and the preparation of development samples where the quality is assessed according to given methodology from the theoretical part. PCB are analyzed by an X-ray, metallographic grinding and other methods. Recommendations are given and based on results for improvements.
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Imaging of the gastrointestinal tract - ERCP
HROCHOVÁ, Simona
The bachelor thesis on GIT imaging methods with focus on ERCP deals with diagnostic and therapeutic methods and provides an overview of the individual imaging methods used in diagnostics and therapy. In the practical part, the thesis focuses on the ERCP diagnostic and therapeutic method. Knowledge of anatomy is indispensable for the orientation in this field and for the quality work of radiological assistants and physicians, and therefore the introduction is dedicated to GIT anatomy. Diagnostic procedures, including imaging methods, are described in each individual anatomical area, and the most common diseases affecting the indicated GIT area are listed. The second half of the theoretical part describes the diagnostic and therapeutic imaging methods of the digestive tract with respect to the anatomical area in which the examination is carried out, which fall under the X-ray unit and are performed by radiological assistants and doctors. The practical part is focused on the diagnostic and therapeutic method ERCP and its use at the RTG unit at Thomayerova hospital in the years 2014-18. The work covers the entire course of the examination from the preparation of the patient to the therapeutic procedures. A set of patients is used in terms of the frequency of the examinations carried out in 2014-18. In the individual years, patients are further broken down and analysed based on the decade of birth and gender. The data sets obtained are processed into clear graphs and the use of the method today is evaluated based on the proportion of patients undergoing the examination in the individual years using the date of birth and gender criteria. Specialized books and articles as well as verified internet sources were used to write this bachelor thesis. The results of my work give answers to the research question about the preferences of using the ERCP examination. They reflect the ongoing trend in the use of ERCP in diagnostics and especially in therapy due to the undeniable advantage of the use of therapeutic interventions immediately during the diagnostic examination. The aim of the thesis is to create a general overview and description of the individual methods of GIT examination according to the individual anatomical area with focus and a more detailed description of the ERCP method. An analysis of the data set obtained at the Thomayer Hospital's RTG unit was carried out.
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