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Lipid composition of biological membranes and life-histories in songbirds
Šimonová, Kateřina ; Tomášek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Sam, Kateřina (referee)
Differences in the composition of cell membranes are considered to be the physiological mechanism responsible for different metabolic rates, life span and consequently, different life-histories. The membrane pacemaker theory suggests that higher membrane unsaturation may be an important factor responsible for higher metabolic rate and shorter life span of organisms. The alternative hypothesis, on the other hand, assumes that membranes can function as structural antioxidants, and thus that higher membrane unsaturation may be associated with longer life span. The aim of this work was to test how changes in the fatty acid composition of membranes depends on body size, latitude and altitude, within which different life-histories and metabolic rate were observed. Temperate and tropical lowland songbird species were chosen for the models testing the effect of latitude, and only tropical species of songbirds were chosen for the models testing the effect of altitude. Part of the work was molecular sex determination. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, the amount of individual fatty acids contained in red blood cell phospholipids was obtained from blood samples. The results showed that the composition of the membranes in most cases correlates with body size, which also correlates with almost all...
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Factors affecting UV index in the Czech Republic
Tomanová, Helena ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Čížková, Klára (referee)
Factors affecting UV index in the Czech Republic Abstract Recently, the shortwave radiation signified as UV radiation became a popular topic, connected mainly to the loss of ozone in the stratosphere. This radiation has both positive and negative effects on humans. Therefore, the UV index was introduced, which express the biological effect of UV radiation on human health. The thesis describes the geographical parameters and meteorological conditions affecting the values of UV index. The UV radiation its measurement methods, and its effects on human health and other living organisms is described in detail in the theoretical section. It also contains the definition of UV index and the factors affecting the UV index magnitude: latitude, the height of the sun above the horizon, altitude, cloud cover and the character of the active surface. Links between UV index and individual parameters are checked in the practical section using the UV index measurement from four stations in the Czech Republic during the period 2011 - 2017. The research shows, that the UV index is significantly lower for an overcast sky in comparison with clear sky. The present of snow cover increases the effects of UV radiation, particularly for the high elevations of the sun above the horizon. Key words: Czech Republic, global radiation,...
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Flight initiation distances and life histories in birds: comparison of intra- and interspecific approaches
Brzobohatá, Tereza ; Albrecht, Tomáš (advisor) ; Klvaňa, Petr (referee)
Information about the distance, in which the birds flee from predators, may help us to better understand avian escape behavior and stress responses. These distances are influenced by many life-history traits and related factors, both on intraspecific and interspecific levels. This bachelor's thesis is trying to summarize the current knowledge of agents influencing flight initiation distances (FID) of birds, in the form of a literary research. The first section deals with antipredator behavior in birds, and explains methods that are used for measuring critical distances. In the second part of thesis, factors affecting flight initiation distances on intraspecific level are described. The main emphasis is on impact of age characteristics, body sizes, reproductive investments and geographical distribution. The last chapter summarizes the information about relationships between FID and life-history traits on interspecific level. The age of the individual, levels of stress hormones, the effect of the season and biotop are described in detail. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Latitudinal gradient of biodiversity and its dependence on rate of ecological processes and evolutionary processes
Krupička, Jan ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Kubička, Lukáš (referee)
Unevenness in the distribution of species diversity on the surface of the earth is one of the most striking phenomena in ecology. Latitudinal gradient of biodiversity could be explained by different rates of evolutionary processes such as speciation and ecological processes that control the ratebof extinction. The goal is to collect and evaluate the literature on the temperature dependence or latitudinal trends in the rates of these processes. Matabolic theory of biodiversity serves as the best explanation of the rates of evolutinary processes and their dependance on temperatur, while an explanation of the rate of ecological process is lacking in empirical data and theories that would put them in relation to temperature and latitude. Explanation by More individual hypotheisis was proved unconvincing.
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An accurate comparison of the methods for passive IP Geolocation
Mrázová, Andrea ; Komosný, Dan (referee) ; Verner, Lukáš (advisor)
This thesis aims to evaluate the physical location of the stations connected to the Internet, focusing on passive methods of IP geolocation, specifically by using geolocation databases. The first part is generally described what it is IP geolocation, the second section describes the active and passive methods of IP geolocation and the third section describes the practical parts of assignment and the results that we found.
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Data Processing from GPS Receiver
Srnec, Pavel ; Orság, Filip (referee) ; Dvořák, Radim (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is about data processing from GPS receiver, specifically about surface maps. In the beginning part, principles of GPS technologies and NMEA protocol are described to understand calculation actual position on the map using geographic coordinates. It analyses communication with GPS receiver, data processing to maps and display position. Concept and implementation of final application, which is proposed as graphical user interface, is descibed. Application has been tested in terrain with GPS receiver u-blox 5 and results behavior application are at the end of bachelor. As a result of the bachelor, executed targets and requierement is summarized and possibilities of uprading project are analysed.
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Track's Elevation Profile View on a Public GIS
Doubal, Štěpán ; Šilhavá, Jana (referee) ; Fapšo, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis describes the design and implementation of a user script for GreaseMonkey (plug-in for Firefox). This script adds a functionality to show height profile of a defined route. The route is defined using public GIS tools from www.mapy.cz. The script extracts coordinates from page DOM structure, processes it and draws a height graph. The graph is created using http://www.heywhatsthat.com/profiler.html [2] or www.profile.hy.cz, which provides height graph drawing using www.vyskopis.cz JavaScript API [4].
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Verification of PlanetLab servers location
Pružinský, Ján ; Verner, Lukáš (referee) ; Komosný, Dan (advisor)
The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the nodes of PlanetLab network. The analysis is focusing mainly on verifying the availability of nodes and on verifying the physical position of nodes. Individual nodes are tested for availability of ICMP protocol and SSH protocol. Availability of ICMP protocol is verified by using ping program. The main part of the thesis is devoted to verifying the addresses of nodes. Identified addresses are compared with entered addresses and the resulting conformity is evaluated at the level of the state, county, city and streets. Precision of specified address estimation is calculated based on given GPS coordinates. This thesis also deals with the dividing of nodes based on calculated usability index and accuracy index. The theoretical part contains a description of an experimental PlanetLab network and Google Geocoding API.
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Position navigation system with GSM interface
Pristach, Marián ; Khatib, Nabhan (referee) ; Kadlec, Jaroslav (advisor)
The objective of the diploma thesis is to design a device for positioning of mobile devices using GPS satellites. When coordinates are acquired they can be sent via the GSM network to a user's cell phone or to an SQL server. A web interface has been designed to access the stored data and to show the current device position and the history. This position datalogging system can be used for monitoring vehicles as well as a security system for cars.
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