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Fine particles produced by the combustion process
Bunček, Patrik ; Chýlek, Radomír (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of fine particles. The introductory chapter is focused on the general overview, formation and effect of fine particles on the human body. The following chapters aims to introduce combustion process and use of biomass. The experimental part of the thesis reports on results, evaluation and determination of fine particle formation for different environments and conditions.
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Fine combustion particles produced from real burning of biomass
Pažourek, Josef ; Poláčik, Ján (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with fine combustion particles produced from real burning of biomass. The first chapter is about biomass, combustion devices in which biomass can be combusted and last but not least polluting substances, which are created during the combustion. In experimental part the measuring equipment that measures fine particles is presented. After that the results from measurement are evaluated.
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The concentration of fine particles in the indoor environment of buildings
Turčina, Lukáš ; Linda, Jakub (referee) ; Köbölová, Klaudia (advisor)
The issue of health is given a great deal of attention. However, human health is mainly affected by what enters the human body during life. Therefore, the emphasis is mainly on the quality of water, food, air or the overall environment in which people live. This bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of fine particles in the indoor environment of buildings, in which people spend most of their lives. Many of these particles enter the ambient air from the daily processes that people perform in the households. A high concentration of fine particles results in a greater probability of these particles entering the human body, where they can subsequently cause serious health problems. The theoretical part deals not only with the structure, size and impact of fine particles on the environment, but also on techniques for identification and measurement of fine particles, or methods of indoor air purification. The practical part is focused on the experimental measurement of fine particles in the indoor environment of buildings during everyday activities such as cooking, cleaning or using some equipment. The measurement results have shown that, especially during cooking and baking, a huge amount of particles enters the indoor air, especially PM1 particles, which have not yet received sufficient attention. Therefore, it is important to find suitable measures to eliminate these particles.
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Impactor for laboratory capture of fine particles
Kodad, Daniel ; Poláčik, Ján (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
The focus of this master’s thesis is the issue of fine dust particles suspended in the air and their measurement. The thesis explains the basic characteristics of fine particles and the rules, which they follow. The section then examines the health risks of inhaled particles. Next is explained the influence of particles in the air on the environment, the historical development of the air pollution in the Czech Republic and the most important pollutants. After that is described the legislation, which frames the limits for pollutants suspended in the air. In the practical part is described the methods for calculation the geometry of cascade impactor, the design of three-stage impactor and finally the comparison with professional impactor. The designed impactor was then constructed and tested with wood burning stove as a source of particles.
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Fine particles emitted from a heat source into the indoor environment
Hájek, Jiří ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with fine particles emitted to indoor space during combustion in fireplace stowes. The beginning of work is focused on the description of biomass and its combustion. In the following part the pollutants, which are produced by combustion of bio-mass are mentioned, and last but not least is attention focused on current air quality in Czech Republic methods of measure of solid pollutants and measuring equipment. Calculation of concentration is closely described in the experimental part, and then the data, which was measured on different modes of operations of fireplace stowes, is presented.
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Ultrafine combustion particles
Sitek, Tomáš ; Skála, Zdeněk (referee) ; Skála, Zdeněk (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with issues of fine and ultrafine particles formation during thermal decomposition and combustion of biomass. An introduction is devoted to a utilization of biomass as fuel. A following part describes the gas products emerging generally during combustion process. A current emission and air pollution situation in the Czech Republic as well as the health impacts of solid pollutants on human are also mentioned. Within an experimental measurement three basic factors that have impact on fine particles formation during combustion of beech wood (i. e. oxygen content in combustion atmosphere, type of the sample and size of the sample) were thoroughly analyzed. Attention was paid to a progress of thermal decomposition and combustion of sample with respect to the particles formation. Finally, a measurement of fine particles amount was accomplished in a real boiler successively with four different biomass pellet types.
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Thermal stability of the biomass combustion process
Grygar, Jan ; Špiláček, Michal (referee) ; Poláčik, Ján (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on fne particles, which are produced by small combustion units, and their reduction. The frst chapter deals with the issue of fne particles, their creation, composition and their impact on man and the enviroment. The last chapter deals with the design of solution for reducing of emissions of small biomass combustion units.
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Evaluation of the presence of fine and ultrafine particles in the air in an industrial zone
Kysilka, Matěj ; Martincová, Jana Victoria (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of the presence of the fine and ultrafine particles in an industrial zone. At the beginning of the theoretical part, dust particles and their division by size are described. Subsequently, sources of particles, methods of their measurement are mentioned and methods of analysis are described in more detail. Significant part of the research is devoted to health risks related to exposure to particles, the fundamental impact on the environment is also mentioned. The experimental part describes the measurement conditions that took place outdoor near an unnamed industrial zone. At the beginning of the experimental part, the used devices are presented. Subsequently, measured and graphically evaluated data on the concentration of particles in the air are presented. Particles collected on filter were used for analysis of selected metals. Analysis of selected metals was performed also on the samples of soil and plant material. The obtained metal concentration data were evaluated and commented.
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Design of an impactor for fine particle separation
Rigby, Jakub ; Sitek, Tomáš (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis follows up fine particle separation issue with use of impaction method. The introduction is focused on main air pollutants. Closely the solid pollutants and their properties such as formation principle, legislation and human health impact are showed. Following parts describes methods of fine particle capture and closer is focused on impaction method. In the experimental part of this thesis main dimension calculation, construction and manufacturing process of virtual impactor is presented. Several construction and material types of virtual impactor has been fabricated. Finally, a separation efficiency measurement was made. This measurement confirms properties of PM2,5 and PM10 virtual impactor.
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