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Analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster encoding biosynthesis of the manumycin antibiotic U-62162, and the ways of its modification.
Urbanová, Daniela ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Schierová, Michaela (referee)
Streptomyces is the largest antibiotic-producing genus in the microbial world. Manumycin-type antibiotics are a small group of its metabolites. Their antibiotic activities are not very important but they show biological properties which can be potencially used e. g. to treat inflammation, cancer or Alzheimer's disease. The structure of manumycin compounds is formed by a central unit with connected upper and lower polyketide chain. The lower chain is mostly terminated by so called C5N unit. The substance U-62162 produced by the strain Streptomyces verdensis differs significantly from the other members of the manumycin-type metabolites in the structure of the lower chain which is fully saturated and lacking the C5N unit. The U-62162 biosynthetic gene cluster was sequenced and functions of identified open reading frames were deduced. Heterologous expressions of the cluster showed some genes reguired for the biosynthesis of the upper chain to be encoded on a different part of the chromosome. The insertional inactivation of the vrdER gene confirmed the enoylreductase to be responsible for the saturation of the lower chain. DSBA oxidoreductase, which gene is located at the edge of the cluster, is probably not involved in the biosynthesis. The insertion of genes for the biosynthesis of the C5N unit did...
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The legacy of Wilhelm Reich and its reflexion in the work of the founders of Bioenergetics, Biosynthesis and Biodynamic Psychology
Vaněčková, Marta ; Pivoňková, Věra (advisor) ; Hroníková, Linda (referee)
The diploma thesis The legacy of Wilhelm Reich and its reflexion in the work of the founders of Bioenergetics, Biosynthesis and Biodynamic psychology is devoted to a comparison of the most important theoretical concepts and therapeutic techniques of Wilhelm Reich with the methods of the founders of selected psychotherapeutic approaches that draw from his work. These are the founder of Bioenergetics Alexander Lowen, founder of the Biosynthesis David Boadella and founder of Biodynamic Psychology Gerda Boyesen. These authors created distinct therapeutic approaches based on Reich's concepts that significantly shaped the field of the Body- Psychotherapy. The first part explains the technique of Character-Analysis and Vegetotherapy, the Orgasm Theory (the role of sexuality in the etiology of neurosis), a typology of Character structures, the Orgonomic Research and principles of the Orgonomic Functionalism, which Reich defined and used in practice. There is briefly introduced the history of the development within the Neoreichian movement (Reich pupils and followers) in the second half of the 20th century. The vast majority of the second part of the thesis is devoted to reflection on Reich's work in the selected body-psychotherapeutic schools and the way they work with his legacy. The Bioenergetics is...
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Biosynthesis of lower polyketide chains in manumycin antibiotics - the length-affecting factors
Kolek, Jan ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Seydlová, Gabriela (referee)
Manumycin antibiotics represent an important class of secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces bacteria. They belong to a big class of polyketide metabolites and posses significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and many other biological activities. They are characterized by two short polyketide chains, which are attached to a central subunit. Polyketide chains are synthesized by enzymes of the iterative type II polyketide-synthase. Mechanism of regulation of the polyketide chains length has not been known yet. Understanding mechanism can lead to biosynthesis of novel manumycin antibiotics with predetermined chain lengths what may improve their biological activities in favour of a practical use of these compounds. We prepared a mutant strain of asukamycin producer Streptomyces nodosus ssp. asukaensis with deletion of genes coding for type I/II β-ketoacylsynthase and protein AsuC14, which is a potential factor affecting lower polyketide chain length, for the identification of the chain length factor in manumycin antibiotics producers. Next, the genes for type I/II β-ketoacylsynthase and potential chain length-affecting factor C14 from strains producing manumycins with variable length of the lower polyketide chains were expressed in this mutant strain. Our results demonstrate...
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Žížala hnojní (Eisenia fetida) a kvantové tečky
Donovalová, Alexandra
Biosynthesis is one of the new possibilities for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Among others, biosynthesis serves as a natural defense against heavy metal ions. The organisms capable of biosynthesis are bacteria, funghi, yeasts or earthworm manure (Eisenia fetida). Earthworm is able to biosynthesis at chloragogenous tissue, which ser-ves as a liver. In our study the ability of earthworm manure makes biosynthesis has be-en evaluated. Further, a characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was done with determination of influence of biosynthesis on organism. During the evaluation there has been found that earthworm is able to biosynthesize the CdTe quantum dots with 18 nm size. During the determination of the effect of biosynthesis on organism was showed the presence of metallothionein in organism, which prooving participation of metallothione-in in formation of nanoparticles.
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Separation and determination of bioactive compounds in food
Dvořáčková, Eva
Herbs are widely known for their numerous applications in the food industry; however, there is increasing interest in their pharmaceutical properties. In recent years, major research has been focused on the biologically active derivatives of medicinal plants, mainly because of their potential anti-tumor activity and protective effects with respect to the cardiovascular system. This thesis summarizes the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds mainly responsible for such positive health impacts, the methods of antioxidant capacity determination, and the protective health effects of medicinal herbs. The experimental part is dedicated to extraction methods and the determination of phenolic compounds from herbs, as well as the possibility of applying herbal infusions into raw goat whey in order to extend its shelf-life.
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