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The Causes of the Mortgage Crisis in the USA
Fiala, Petr ; Šíma, Josef (advisor) ; Rybáček, Václav (referee)
The diploma thesis investigates causes and progression of the mortgage crisis beginning in 2006 in the United States. Theoretical part of the thesis explains general causes of economic crises in accordance with the Austrian theory of the business cycle. Some of the basic problems of nonmonetary business cycle theories are mentioned and the most common ABCT attacks refuted. Analytical part of the thesis tries to explain why the current business cycle appeared primarily in the form of mortgage crisis. For this reason institutions playing the main role in the American mortgage market are being analysed including Federal Reserve System, government-sponsored enterprises, and three biggest rating agencies Moody's, Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings. Thesis conclusion should answer the question why and how the mortgage crisis originated in the United States.
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The function of money in business cycle theory
Smejkal, Tomáš ; Janíčko, Martin (advisor) ; Svoboda, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dealing with the topic money and especially emphasizing its function in business cycles. An ambition of this thesis is to resolve dilemma if money, as an important instrument in the real economy, can influence the fluctuation of economy. This thesis is based on the comparison of two distinct schools of economic thought- Post Keynesian and Austrian school. Both approaches despite different opinion on creation and function of money refuse the theory of money neutrality. The phenomenon of deflation is regarded equally from both schools, but Post Keynesian approach, which comes from a work of Irving Fisher, emphasizes negative impact of real debt increment on economy. On the other hand, Austrian School is aware of the unavoidable nature of deflation as a result of boom period, but by avoiding deflation the healing process in economy would be significantly slowed down. Thesis is then focusing on examination of allocation mistakes among individuals. Individuals are making mistakes, but Austrian theory demands further explanation of systematic framework of these mistakes. This view is applied on Minsky's financial instability hypothesis and institutional structure with emphasis on risk and creation of financial instruments. Last stadium of analysis is dealing with particular character of money supply. The Austrian perspective is discussed with reference to Post Keynesian theory of endogenous money and consequent repercussions for Austrian business cycle theory are highlighted. Even in the case that endogenous money theory infirm some of the aspects of Austrian cycle theory the methodological conflict occurs. On the basis of these particular comparisons the conclusion will try to decide if the business cycle is inherently present in every economy or if it is mainly caused by state interferences.
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The Theory of Business Cycle and Financial Crisis by J.A.Schumpeter's and H.P.Minsky's Theories
Mlčkovský, Petr ; Kovářík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bydžovský, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to create a business cycle model through the medium of J.A.Schumpeter's and H.P.Minsky's alternative theories. The introduction is dedicated to theoretical and methodological starting-points and basic characteristics, that are essential for business cycles. Moreover in the first chapter, there will be constructed a business cycle model based chiefly on innovational doctrines "Financial Instability Hypothesis" by Hyman Minsky and Schumpeterian waves. In second chapter, this model will be applied to selected economic crises, in particular Great Depression of the 1930's, Savings and Loans Crisis of 1980's, Japanese crisis and contemporary crisis having roots in USA. Studying these cases, we will attemt to define common characteristics of particular sections of business cycles. The last chapter will be dedicated to evaluation and conclusions that had been made throught the thesis.
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Japanese Economy: Factors of Development and Business Cycles
Stuchlíková, Zuzana ; Cihelková, Eva (advisor) ; Neumann, Pavel (referee) ; Fárek, Jiří (referee) ; Zahradník, Petr (referee)
Cílem disertační práce je nalézt, pojmenovat a vysvětlit hlavní faktory, které vedly k celkovému oslabení a nestabilitě japonské ekonomiky v 90. letech 20. století. Práce vysvětluje základní ekonomické vazby v japonské ekonomice a hledá odpověď na otázku, zda recese v 90. letech způsobily faktory převážně cyklické, nebo spíše faktory dlouhodobějšího charakteru, tedy strukturální a systémové. Práce rovněž vymezuje a hodnotí hlavní rysy, změny a trendy ve vývoji hospodářských cyklů a ve zdrojích růstu japonské ekonomiky z dlouhodobého hlediska. Dále práce hodnotí současný stav japonské ekonomiky a dosud provedené vládní reformy, nastiňuje nové trendy ve vývoji japonské ekonomiky s ohledem na její měnící se postavení v globalizovaném světovém hospodářství. The dissertation focuses on the cyclical development of the Japanese economy, particularly from the beginning of the 1990´s. The objective of the thesis is to find, identify and explain the main factors that have caused stagnation and instability of the economy in this period. The author aims to make clear some basic ties in the Japanese economy and identify specific features of Japanese business cycles and sources of the GDP growth in the 1990´s and today (compared to the previous development and to some other developed countries). She also seeks to assess economic policy measures made by the Japanese governments and the Bank of Japan countering the stagnation and recessions and to sum up briefly the current situation of the economy and possible dangers for its future.
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