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Assessment of natural and recycled materials in buildings
Stránská, Zuzana ; Ostrý, Milan (referee) ; Lupíšek,, Antonín (referee) ; Sedlák, Jiří (advisor)
Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an analytic method for evaluation of environmental impacts of products, services and technologies. It is associated with all the stages of a product's life. The environmental impacts are evaluated on the basis of material and energetic flows, which are in influence with the environment. These impacts are always determined in the relation with the function of the product or the service and so it is possible to compare them with the other alternatives. One of the most important reasons why I have chosen this dissertation thesis subject was the growing public interest in impacts of the building constructions on the environment and human organism. Only a few experts and scientific research centres deal with the problem of environmental impacts of the buildings in the Czech Republic so the main goal of this thesis is to help with a spreading a knowledge about it. There are four main problems to solve in the thesis: determination of environmental impacts of selected materials which are missing in available databases, creation of life cycle models of evaluated buildings, determining the most appropriate functional unit and determining the contents of the recommended LCA protocol for building analysis. In the first phase of the thesis there was built a detailed life cycle model of the reference building on the basis of available documents and databases. This "cradle to cradle" LCA model was then optimized for a large number of life cycle scenarios to determine the significance of the impact of individual variables on the overall environmental impact of the building. The knowledge gained from this analysis was applied to the lifecycle models of other buildings and then there was assembled the recommended form of the LCA protocol. In the final stage, the results of the environmental impacts were quantified on the different functional units which were used for determining the appropriate form.
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Material Flows and Environmental Impacts of s-WEEE in the Czech Republic
Polák, Miloš
This thesis is a comprehensive study describing and quantifying material flows of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the Czech Republic; specifically the material flow of small waste electric and electronic equipment (s-WEEE) as well as representative substances. The studied material flows were estimated regarding aspects of the environmental impact. The End-of-Life mobile phone is seen as a typical representative of s-WEEE ; therefore material flows of mobile phones are described in this thesis as well. To put it in concrete figures, approximately 124 thousand tons of WEEE from households originated in the Czech Republic in 2010, where each inhabitant got rid off 4 pieces of WEEE in average. Further, total production calculating also consumer-like WEEE from companies and institutions was around 141 thousand tons in 2010. S-WEEE present around 15% from the total amount of WEEE originating in 2010; however it is more than 80% as regards the number of pieces. Despite of that fact the recycling potential of Au for instance is slightly higher by s-WEEE than by large WEEE (63kg/year compared to the 59kg/year respectively). As regards estimation of the total production of EoL mobile phones, around 45 thousand pieces originated in the Czech Republic between the years 1990-2000 and 6,5...
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Fossil energy sources: prospects and environmental impacts
Klimov, Andrey ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Přibil, Rudolf (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to describe the system of fossil fuels as non-renewable energy sources, their overall supply in the World, predictions to the future, and namely their impact on the environment. The work is a literature review, with graphic and map examples. The work focused mainly on sources of petroleum, coal, and natural gas, their total supply, and the time before depletion. From environmental aspects, the work deals with the impact of these energy sources on ecosystems. Problems and risks of the survey, extraction, and transport of fuels are mentioned, and solutions for the future, with regard to environmental protection, discussed. Key words: Fossil fuels, petroleum, coal, natural gas, predictions, environmental impacts.
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Utilization of biofuels in transport
Šubr, Ondřej ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
This bachelor's work is dealing with the various aspects of utilization of liquid biofuels in the road transport. These aspects are physicochemical, technical, economic, social and environmental. In the first part of the work, there are definitions of bioethanol and biodiesel at the beginning, which are the most frequently used in the category of liquid biofuels. Properties of both biofuels and production processes are also included. Combustion of biofuels has a significant impact on human health, among others. So, the chapter dealing with the emissions from combustion of bioethanol or biodiesel and health effects of these emissions is following. The second part of the work aims to map a current situation in the field of biofuels in selected countries. These countries are the United States of America, Federative Republic of Brazil and People's Republic of China. Analysis of each country is divided into several topics - production of bioethanol/biodiesel, government programs to support the development of biofuels and possible future perspectives of developments in the fields of biofuels. The third and last part deals with numerous side effects of production and utilization of liquid biofuels. These effects are divided into the two main categories, environmental effects and social effects. The side...
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Material Flows and Environmental Impacts of s-WEEE in the Czech Republic
Polák, Miloš ; Hák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kočí, Vladimír (referee) ; Vladík, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis is a comprehensive study describing and quantifying material flows of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the Czech Republic; specifically the material flow of small waste electric and electronic equipment (s-WEEE) as well as representative substances. The studied material flows were estimated regarding aspects of the environmental impact. The End-of-Life mobile phone is seen as a typical representative of s-WEEE ; therefore material flows of mobile phones are described in this thesis as well. To put it in concrete figures, approximately 124 thousand tons of WEEE from households originated in the Czech Republic in 2010, where each inhabitant got rid off 4 pieces of WEEE in average. Further, total production calculating also consumer-like WEEE from companies and institutions was around 141 thousand tons in 2010. S-WEEE present around 15% from the total amount of WEEE originating in 2010; however it is more than 80% as regards the number of pieces. Despite of that fact the recycling potential of Au for instance is slightly higher by s-WEEE than by large WEEE (63kg/year compared to the 59kg/year respectively). As regards estimation of the total production of EoL mobile phones, around 45 thousand pieces originated in the Czech Republic between the years 1990-2000 and 6,5...
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Life Cycle Assessment of water treatetment technology
Cabejšková, Zuzana ; Kočí, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Science Institute for Environmental Studies Ecology and Environmental Protection Environmental Protection Bachelor Thesis - Abstract Life Cycle Assessment of Water Treatment Technology Posuzování životního cyklu výroby pitné vody Author: Zuzana Cabejšková Supervisor: Doc. Ing. Vladimír Kočí, Ph.D. Prague, May 2012 Abstract (English) This bachelor thesis consists of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of two water treatment plants (WTP) in the Czech Republic. The first WTP is situated in Hrdějovice in South Bohemia and treats underground raw water. The second WTP is in Central Bohemia and treats surface water from the Želivka reservoir. The pumping of raw water and its subsequent treatment were considered for the purposes of LCA; other phases of the life cycle of potable water such as distribution weren't taken into account. Waterworks companies provided data on consumption of energy and materials. Based on this data, the environmental impacts of 1m3 of treated water were calculated and a comparison of the two WTPs within different impact categories was performed. It was found that WTP Hrdějovice has a four-time lower overall environmental impact than WTP Želivka. Global Warming Potential, Acidification Potential and Abiotic Depletion of fossil fuels were identified as the...
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EMS in manufacture
Heger, Martin ; Stárek, František (referee) ; Fiala, Alois (advisor)
This work considers with environmental aspects and impacts of manufacture in SLB spol. s r.o. (spol. s r.o. means Ltd) company. Output of this work can be used for starting environmental management system in this company. It contains abstract of base legal demands which refers to SLB spol. s r.o. and short declaration of their fulfilling. In the end of the work there are drafts to antipollution measures.
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