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Zhodnocení obsahu těžkých kovů ve škváře vznikající při spalování komunálního odpadu
Zálešáková, Magda
Within this thesis, the content of heavy metals in bottom ash produced by ZEVO SAKO Brno, Plc was being evaluated. The content of individual heavy metals within the dry matter of the bottom ash was determined using laboratory analyzes from the years 2013 up to and including 2021. Based on static analysis using linear regression method, the trends in heavy metals content in the bottom ash were determined during the above mentioned monitored period. Based on the bottom ash‘s properties, the possibilities for bottom ash recycling and its utilization were discussed. Using a SWOT analysis, the weaknesses and strengths of utilizing the bottom ash, thus its most significant threats and opportunities were identified. This analysis resulted in an assessment of the possibility of comprehensively utilizing the bottom ash, including also bottom ash produced by ZEVO SAKO, Brno Plc.
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Studium a vývoj polymer-cementových kompozitů s důrazem na vysoký obsah druhotných surovin a kompenzaci objemových změn
Hermann, Radek ; Bydžovský, Jiří (referee) ; Reitermann, Pavel (referee) ; Kolísko, Jiří (referee) ; Drochytka, Rostislav (advisor)
Reducing of humanity's carbon footprint is currently one of the main directions of global research. Another significant problem is the disposal, recycling and secondary use of waste materials produced from a wide range of industries and municipal waste. This thesis deals with the problematics of polymer-cement composites, which are most often used for rehabilitation, reprofiling and structural repairs, especially of concrete structures. The thesis examines and verifies the possibilities of utilization of a large amount of secondary raw materials and waste as a substitute for cement as a primary binder. At the same time, the work deals with the full replacement of the primary filler with waste raw materials, for which there is currently no other use. The work also addresses and verifies the influence of several commonly available commercial polymer dispersions. The work deals with the use of liquid, but also powdered polymeric additives of various bases. The work also deals with the problematics of volume changes of the hydration process of polymer-cement composites and the effect of volume changes on the physical-mechanical properties of composites. The influence of volume changes that occur during the hydration of polymer-cement composites is a significant criterion in the selection and use of these composites. The volume changes of the material have a great influence especially on the maximum layer thickness and the maximum area that can be repaired with the material without the risk of cracks and the need to create a working joint. The results of this work are associated with a reduction in the economic and environmental impacts of production and use of polymer-cement building materials and increase the usability of these materials mainly due to the possibility of remediation of larger areas than previously possible.
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Waste horizon
Ochotná, Barbora ; Rypl Žabčíková, Ada (referee) ; Kristek, Jan (advisor)
The city is a place of accumulation, production and reproduction of production resources and consumption of goods, but waste typically accumulates outside it. It falls out of our horizon physically and mentally. The waste we produce changes the landscape and transforms the processes on earth without most of us visiting the "places of transformation". The project works with the idea of redirecting the final phase of the production chain back to the place of consumption by producing elements of public space from municipal waste. The presentation of waste leads to an awareness of its amount and degree of consumption. At the same time, waste becomes something much more ambivalent, possibly useful or even beautiful.
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Využití popílků a škváry ze spaloven odpadů ke stavebním účelům
Blinková, Monika
The aim of this study is to examine the possibilities of using fly ash and slag from municipal waste incinerators in the building industry. In the theoretical part waste incinerator, concrete and its elements are described. The practical part is focused on the description of preparation of concrete blocks into which are added fly ash and slag from an incinerator, and description of the final product size and legislation introducing a new product to the Czech market. Fourteen samples of concrete blocks were created and tested for leaching tests and strength tests. Results of the strength test showed a low value because the samples preparation was not followed by proper technological procedure. Mercury and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been observed in the leaching test. The leachates were compared with Decree No. 294/2005 Coll. and values met the required limits. Formula clause:I do not agree with the publication of the work in accordance with Directive no. 3 / 2017- Publishing undergraduate theses in order to protect trade secrets of the company in its entirety ie. Both in electronic and printed form to the maximum possible period of 3 years.
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Development of chemically resistant sprayed mixture
Hermann, Radek ; Dohnálek,, Pavel (referee) ; Drochytka, Rostislav (advisor)
Production wastes for which a direct use in another production is found become secondary raw materials. There are several institutions in Czech Republic and in the world, which are currently dealing with the issue. This thesis deals with the issue of cementitious spray concrete mixtures and deals with the possibilities of using secondary raw materials and waste from production as partial replacement of binder and filler in these mixtures. The aim of this theses is to optimize the composition of additives in the recipe of the commercially produced pray mixture and to verify the influence of the degree of substitution of binder or filler by secondary raw materials on its physical-mechanical properties. The aim is to maintain or increase these properties while substituting the binder and filler as much as possible. After the evaluation of results, it is possible to say, by suitable optimization of the additives it is possible to achieve a significant improvement of the physical-mechanical properties of the mass and furthermore, from the results of this thesis follows, that by substitution of 100% fine filler in combination with substitution of 30% binder it is possible to maintain or increase the physical-mechanical properties after 28 days of curing and to significantly increase these properties after 90 days of curing. The results of this thesis are also related to the reduction of economic impact on production of the spray mixture, mainly due to the use of secondary raw materials.
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Cement-bonded particleboards with utilization of alternative raw materials
Urbánek, Libor ; Vacula, Miroslav (referee) ; Bydžovský, Jiří (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on effective utilization of currently produced alternative raw materials in the production of cement-bonded boards. The emphasis is primarily on the scraps and dust arising from the processing of cement-bonded slabs, as well as on slag and limestone. The theoretical part contains a survey of current knowledge about the given issue. In the experimental part, the alternative raw materials were analyzed in detail and their influence (as modifier components of the matrix and the filler) on the properties of cement-bonded slabs was examined. Research and development took place using physico-mechanical, thermal and microstructural methods.
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Study of microstructure of autoclaved aerated concrete with using of secondary raw materials
Martanová, Jana ; Suchý, Peter (referee) ; Kulísek, Karel (advisor)
Autoclaved aerated concrete is a used building material, especially for its thermal insulating properties. During autoclaving, an aerated concrete microstructure produces crystalline CSH phases, primarily tobermorite. The ingoing substances are calcium oxide and silica. In addition to commonly used raw materials, secondary raw materials rich in silicon dioxide can be used for production. The use of secondary raw materials gives the opportunity for the construction industry to be more environmentally friendly. Another benefit is the reduction of financial costs. The work explores the influence of individual secondary raw materials on the microstructure. High-temperature fly ash, fluid fly ash, cinder, ground glass and zeolite were used The raw materials were mixed with unalloyed lime at a molar ratio of calcium oxide to silicon dioxide of 0.73 and 1.0. Autoclaving capsules were used to synthesize tobermorite under laboratory conditions. Autoclave was performed at 170 °C and 190 °C with hydrothermal durations of 4, 8 and 16 hours. The most important influence on the microstructure was high-temperature fly ash, on the contrary, the greatest influence on the mechanical properties is attributed to the ground glass.
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Development of new technology of sand autoclaved aerated concrete with using of secondary raw materials
Ondříčková, Pavlína ; Suchý, Peter (referee) ; Drochytka, Rostislav (advisor)
Autoclaved sand aerated concrete is a modern building material with high thermal insulation properties. Only sand is used as the primary silicate component of aerated concrete in the Czech Republic. For the more favourable economic and ecological properties of aerated concrete, the use of secondary raw materials is used in this work. The secondary raw materials examined included fluidized bed and fly ash, slag and glass recycled. The aerated concrete composite with secondary admixtures was developed under hydrothermal conditions of a laboratory autoclave for 7 and 12 hours at 190°C. From the secondary raw materials tested, a 10% glass recycler additive yielded the highest strength. Other additives that have a positive effect on mechanical properties include SAKO and Oslavany. From the results of the work it is evident that the use of secondary raw materials increases the strength, improves the rheology of the mixture and supports the formation of tobermorite.
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Lightweight mortars with content of alternative raw materials and resistant to adverse effects
Morkusová, Kristýna ; Jakubík, Aleš (referee) ; Bydžovský, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis describes research and following development of lightweight cement mortars with alternative raw materials. Attention was focused on study of the effects of extreme influences such as high temperature (up to 1200 °C), freeze-thaw and agressive sulfur dioxide. Verification of durability of developed mortars was realized using physical and mechanical tests (density and strength), physical and chemical methods (computed tomography) and scanning electron microscopy. Assessment of durability was realized in a longer period of time (90 days).
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Optimisation of cement-bonded particleboard matrix composition by using alternative raw material sources
Roháček, Lukáš ; Vacula, Miroslav (referee) ; Bydžovský, Jiří (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with possibility of utilization raw materials from alternative sources for production of cement-bonded particleboards. In theoretical part the possibilities of modifying composition of cement-bonded slabs with emphasis on their matrix are discussed in detail. On basis of the findings and their evaluation, waste from the formatting of cement-bonded particleboards, micronized limestone, heat sink and high temperature fly ash were selected to the composition modification. The mentioned raw materials were analyzed and subsequently tested as substitutes for the matrix of cement-bonded particleboards in the experimental part. The properties of the proposed materials were tested even in the longer term, including the microstructure.
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