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Cost-effectiveness model of universal screening for thyroid disorders in pregnancy for the Czech Republic
Tužil, Jan ; Bartáková, Jana (advisor) ; Brennan Kearns, Pavla (referee) ; Babeľa, Róbert (referee)
Model nákladové efektivity plošného screeningu poruchy funkce štítné žlázy v těhotenství pro Českou republiku Cost-effectiveness model of universal screening for thyroid disorders in pregnancy for the Czech Republic Disertační práce English Abstract Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism affects approximately 5% of pregnant women in the Czech Republic and is associated with a number of health risks for both mother and child. The negative effects can be prevented by effective and safe hormone replacement therapy. Although subclinical hypothyroidism can be diagnosed solely by blood tests, only 45% of pregnant women in the Czech Republic are currently tested. Thyroid function screening (thyrotropin; TSH) can be accompanied by thyroid autoimmunity testing (anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies; anti-TPO) to predict increased risk of postpartum thyroiditis. Aims: The aim is to model the cost-effectiveness, budgetary impact and impact on routine practice of the introduction of universal TSH screening (versus the current state of things) and an addition of the universal anti-TPO screening (versus TSH screening alone). Method: The cost-benefit ratio, budget impact, and impact on routine practice were modelled using a decision tree for implementation of the TSH test and a nested decision tree for the addition of the...
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The nursing process for a newborn of drug-addicted mother
Sklenáková, Julie ; Lukšová, Markéta (advisor) ; Gáll, Juraj (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on drug-addicted mothers and their newborns. The main aim of my thesis was to find out how non-medical and medical health professionals perceive working with these women. Other objectives include finding out the fear of healthcare workers about the possible transmission of infection or awareness of aftercare options for these women and their babies. My work is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the use of the most common addictive substances in pregnancy is mentioned. In addition, neonatal abstinence syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome are described. In the last section of the theoretical part, aftercare options for drug-addicted mothers and their children or the whole family are presented. The practical part is prepared using an anonymous questionnaire survey of own design intended for health care professionals. The research was carried out at the Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology of the First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague. Key words: newborn, drugs, pregnancy, nursing process, addiction
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Pregnancy in woman with spinal cord injury from perspective of occupational therapist
Moravcová, Kateřina ; Hradilová, Iva (advisor) ; Rotbartová, Eliška (referee)
Title: Pregnancy in woman with spinal cord injury from perspective of occupational therapist Abstract: This bachelor thesis is dedicated to identifying the area of occupational therapist support and the use of occupational therapy during pregnancy in women with spinal cord injury to achieve self-sufficiency and influence quality of life during this period. It also looks at defining areas where increased assistance is needed compared to the pre-pregnancy and trimester conditions. The theoretical part focuses on the areas of counselling as one of the occupational therapist's job responsibilities, which includes items of planning, preparation, education and training in the areas of preparation for childcare, preparation for the delivery room, preparation of compensatory aids, focus on quality of life and psyche of the pregnant woman with spinal cord injury and ADL training. In the practical part, the thesis uses a questionnaire as a method of data collection. The questionnaire focuses on general information about the pregnant woman, and mainly on personal activities of daily life, assistance and occupational therapy intervention. It showed that in pregnant women with spinal cord lesions, self-sufficiency in ADL decreases as pregnancy progresses, being lowest in the third trimester. This is highest for...
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Effect of antidepressants on placental monoamine homeostasis
Horáčková, Hana ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Sumová, Alena (referee) ; Soukup, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Hana Horackova Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Frantisek Staud, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Effect of antidepressants on placental monoamine homeostasis Depression in pregnancy is an increasingly common problem and it is reported that up to 25 % of pregnant women suffer from depression and approximately 13 % are prescribed antidepressants. Currently, the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in pregnancy are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). However, the safety of these treatments is still controversial, as poor pregnancy outcomes such as organ malformations, increased incidence of neurological disorders, and preeclampsia have been reported in pregnant women taking antidepressants. However, knowledge of the responsible mechanisms is still lacking at present as they have not been sufficiently investigated. Although the effect of antidepressants on the availability of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine in brain tissue has been extensively characterized in the literature, the interactions of antidepressants with placental monoamine transporters have not received attention to date. However,...
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Outpatient births as seen by the general public
Fílová, Šárka ; Buryanek, Adam (advisor) ; Lukavec, Vojtěch (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with outpatient birth from the perspective of the general public. Outpatient birth is defined as a birth in the maternity ward after which the woman leaves at her own request sooner than 72 hours after hospitalization. This thesis is conceived as theoretical-practical. The theoretical part provides a complex overview about outpatient birth including its definition, legislation, preparation, phases, the process itself and a discussion about its advantages and disadvantages. The theoretical part also deals with potential complications in the puerperium. The practical part focuses on analyzing data obtained from an anonymous questionnaire which 212 people have completed. The main goal of the questionnaire was to find out the level of awareness and perception of outpatient birth by the general public. The results show that the majority of respondents have basic knowledge about outpatient births, but there still exists a significant number of people who came into contact with this concept for the first time through this questionnaire or they have insufficient information about the subject. Key words Outpatient birth, females, human, birth, gestation
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Physical activity during pregnancy
Arabaszová, Zuzana ; Macková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Vojtěch, Jiří (referee)
1 Abstract The subject of this bachelor thesis is physical activity during pregnancy. The main goal of the thesis is to evaluate the influence of education on women's attitude towards physical activity during pregnancy. Furthermore, we evaluate the effect of place of residence on the level of activity and the effect of activity on weight gain during pregnancy. The work is structured into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part provides an overview of bodily changes during pregnancy and describes a wide range of potential physical activities performed by pregnant women, including their benefits and risks. Finally, in the theoretical part, we deal with myths associated with physical activity during pregnancy and their refutation. The research part is based on data collection using online questionnaires distributed through websites for pregnant and postpartum women. A descriptive analysis of the collected data was first performed, then we assessed the level of physical activity, its preferred types, the importance that women attach to physical activity during pregnancy, the acceptability of individual activities, the influence of age and residence on the choice and amount of activity performed, the approach to weight regulation increase and its influence on the amount of activity performed....
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Endometriosis and its effect on a woman's quality of life, pregnancy and childbirth
Harris, Caroline Sarah ; Lukavec, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Buryanek, Adam (referee)
In my bachelor's thesis, I will focus on the topic of endometriosis and its impact on a woman's quality of life, pregnancy, and childbirth. Endometriosis is a gynecological condition characterized by the pathological presence of uterine lining, called endometrium, outside the uterine cavity. It can affect almost any organ in the human body, most commonly the adnexa or pelvic cavity. Ectopically located tissue is subject to cyclic hormonal changes and can form adhesions or cysts, which can be a source of severe pelvic pain. It is thus a chronic condition that affects a woman's daily life, especially her reproductive health. My work will consist of two parts - theoretical and research. The aim of the theoretical part will be to briefly describe and summarize current basic knowledge related to endometriosis, including the definition of the condition, its causes, symptoms, basic classification, and subsequently diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Lastly, I would mention the issue of conception in women with endometriosis and the impact of this disease on the quality of life. In the second part of the thesis, I will conduct research based on available data regarding women diagnosed with endometriosis who have become pregnant and subsequently given birth. I will focus on the course of pregnancy and...
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Nutrition and sport of a selected group of women during pregnancy
Čapková, Barbora ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on nutrition and exercise during pregnancy in a selected group of women. The main aim of this study is to determine whether dietary habits have changed among pregnant women and in what manner. Additionally, it seeks to find out whether pregnant women continue with their physical activity/sport routines from before conception. The presented thesis comprises two main parts: the theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is divided into two major subchapters. The first subchapter concerns nutrition during pregnancy, detailing specific aspects such as suitable and unsuitable diets, appropriate dietary supplementations, intake of fruits and vegetables, and adequate hydration, which pregnant women often overlook. Following this is the second subchapter, which addresses exercise during pregnancy. Topics include the significance of physical activity during pregnancy, suitable and unsuitable physical activities/sports during gravidity, physical activity across trimesters, and the impact of physical activity on the mental well-being of pregnant women. In the practical part of the bachelor's thesis, the preparation, execution, and results of a questionnaire survey are described. The research segment examines the awareness and knowledge of pregnant women regarding proper...
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Options for physiotherapeutic care of women in the third trimester of pregnancy
BURIÁNKOVÁ, Andrea
This bachelor thesis describes the possibilities of physiotherapeutic methods that can be used in women in the third trimester of pregnancy to relieve painful musculoskeletal conditions. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part of the thesis, I try to describe the basic information about the origin of pregnancy, the characteristics of its division and then the actual development of the fetus in the different periods of pregnancy. Furthermore, I describe the changes that a woman's organism undergoes during pregnancy. These are divided according to the different systems such as the respiratory, cardiovascular, urethropoetic or musculoskeletal system. Subsequently, the theoretical part describes the definition of childbirth and the detailed characteristics of its course in the different periods of labour. Finally, appropriate and inappropriate physical activities are described, and the most common issues regarding painful conditions are also described in detail, followed by options for physiotherapeutic intervention. The aim of the practical part was to apply possible physiotherapeutic methods to the most common occurring painful conditions in the third trimester of pregnancy and to observe the effect of these methods. The research population included three probands in the third trimester of pregnancy who suffered from the described painful conditions. Therapy sessions were conducted with the probands once every 1-2 weeks, where an initial kinesiological examination and detailed medical history were taken at the first appointment. According to the individual problems of each proband, appropriate therapy and a series of home exercises were performed. In each subsequent therapy session, we jointly consulted the effect of the previous therapy. At the end of the therapies, we jointly summarized the results achieved and again an exit kinesiological examination was taken. This work can serve as inspiration for physiotherapists on the possibilities of therapeutic intervention in practice or as an informational material.
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Roma women's attitudes towards reproductive health
KREJČOVÁ, Adéla
This bachelor's thesis deals with the attitudes of Roma women towards reproductive health. The goal was to find out what kind of the knowledge Roma women have about reproductive health. The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the characteristics of the Roma ethnicity are described, where attention is paid to Roma history, family, traditions and customs and nursing care for Roma in individual subsections. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with reproductive health. The menstrual cycle including menstrual aids, intercourse, promiscuity, contraception and its types were described in individual subsections. Furthermore, the subsections discuss pregnancy and getting pregnent subject, infertility, abortion and prevention in the field of reproductive health. The research part of the bachelor's thesis was carried out using semi-structured interviews, so it was processed using a qualitative method. Roma women of different ages were involved in data collection. The research survey took place from February to April 2024 and individual Roma women were identified as Ž1-Ž8. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the consent of the informants in a prearranged, quiet and pleasant place for the women. The obtained data, which was recorded on a voice recorder, was evaluated manually, using the "pencil-paper" method. Subsequently, categories and subcategories were created based on the obtained data. The first main category was Health and its prevention, which contained subcategories called Health and Reproductive Health, Doctor's Visits and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The second main category was Safe Reproductive Life. This main category contained the subcategories Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy, Contraception and Infertility. From the research investigation of the bachelor's thesis, it was found that informants Ž2, Ž4, Ž6, Ž7 and Ž8 visit the doctor only when they are diagnosed with an illness or health complication. Furthermore, it was found that women Ž2, Ž5, Ž7 and Ž8 perceive reproductive health as something, they can get pregnant and have a child. Their overall knowledge of reproductive health is basic.
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