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Modulation of nociceptive signalling on a spinal cord level under normal and pathological conditions
Pontearso, Monica ; Špicarová, Diana (advisor) ; Uchytilová, Eva (referee) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
Present pain therapies are often insufficient and poorly managed, mainly for neuropathic pain treatment. In the past years, research has provided a body of evidence on the association of nerve injury and inflammation with mobilized immune reactions. Many cytokines and hormones are released during injury or inflammation, and these factors regulate neuronal encoding of painful sensations. For example, in pre-clinical models, inflammatory cytokines cause or amplify nociception by enhancing neuron excitability. Besides increased excitability via direct neuronal sensitization, it has also been demonstrated that a reduction of synaptic inhibition (disinhibition) occurs naturally in the course of neuropathic and inflammatory pain states. The spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) is the first relay station of the ascending pain pathway and a crucial modulatory site of painful stimuli transmission. Three main aims characterize this doctoral thesis; each focused on the modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission by different molecules fundamental for pain processing. The first aim was to study the role of proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in nociceptive signalling following peripheral neuropathy induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. The second aim...
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Utility and satisfaction of mothers with epidural analgesia during childbirth
Shánělová, Lucie ; Nosková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Šmatláková, Lenka (referee)
The bachelor thesis is devoted to the problems of epidural analgesia and is conceived as a theoretical-practical thesis. The theoretical part describes the physiology of labour pain, division of labour analgesia into non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods, information about epidural analgesia, its advantages, indications and contraindications, examinations performed before the application. It also describes the pharmaceuticals used, the anatomy of spine with a focus on the epidural space, technique of application, specifics of care for a woman who has used epidural analgesia, and the complications that may occur. It also includes a summary of the history of use in the Czech Republic. The practical part of the study is conducted using a printed anonymous questionnaire focused on satisfaction and use of epidural analgesia by women hospitalized in the six-week wards who gave birth at the Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague from 1. 1. 2024 to 31. 3. 2024. The data obtained are processed with graphical evaluation. The practical part entails one main objective and four sub-objectives, all of which are fulfilled in the research investigation. The research data shows that on average,...
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Use of physiotherapy techniques in the treatment of endometriosis
Bártová, Lenka ; Fabičovic, Klaudia (advisor) ; Aujezdská, Eva (referee)
OF BACHELOR THESIS Author: Lenka Bártová Supervisor: Mgr. Klaudia Fabičovic Title: Use of physiotherapy techniques in the treatment of endometriosis Abstract: This theoretical research bachelor thesis deals with the issue of women with endometriosis. It is a chronic inflammatory estrogen-dependent disease associated with a variety of clinical manifestations, the most common of which are pain and fertility disorders. The treatment of this disease is rather symptomatic and does not always provide the desired effect. Physiotherapy can be used both in perioperative care and as a complementary treatment method aimed at improving the quality of life and influencing some painful symptoms. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to create a comprehensive overview of endometriosis focusing on its origin, clinical manifestations, and treatment options including physiotherapy. Another goal is to conduct a systematic review of clinical studies examining various physiotherapeutic techniques in the treatment of endometriosis and determine their therapeutic effect. For the special section, 20 studies focusing on the impact of kinesiotherapy, manual techniques, and physical therapy were selected. Clinical studies were divided into five categories according to the type of intervention used. The most commonly studied is...
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Pain monitoring and relief in pediatric patients after atrial septal defect surgery with sternotomy
Demjanová, Monika ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Vlachová, Marie (referee)
Pain after cardiac surgery to correct developmental defects in pediatric patients is one of the most common nursing problems that affect overall recovery after surgery. This bachelor's thesis on "Monitoring and pain control in pediatric patients after atrial septal defect surgery with sternotomy" discusses in detail in the theoretical part about developmental heart defects, how they are diagnosed and treated, and the pain that accompanies postoperative recovery during hospitalization. The empirical part of the bachelor's thesis considers the results of quantitative research, and Mircosoft Excel and Statistica 14 software were used for their statistical and graphical evaluation. The research method chosen was retrospective data collection from the patient records of the Children's Cardiac Centre of the 2nd Faculty of Medicine of and Motol University Hospital. The aim of the study was to determine to what extent certain factors (gender, hospitalization with a parent, presence of chest drains and CRP level) influence the experience of pain in pediatric patients after cardiac surgery. The conclusion of the paper discusses the evaluation of the results of the research and points out the differences in pain experience mainly based on gender and the presence of chest drains after surgery, but also the...
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The role of SGIP1 protein interaction with cannabinoid receptor 1 in nociception under pathological conditions.
Dresslerová, Denisa ; Špicarová, Diana (advisor) ; Zímová, Lucie (referee)
The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is a component of the endocannabinoid system and is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system. CB1 receptor has been extensively studied primarily due to its inhibitory role in neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals, and this process subsequently modulates postsynaptic currents and postsynaptic neuron excitation. Its interaction with the Src homology domain 3 growth factor 2 receptor binding protein (SGIP1) has recently been investigated in the context of nociception modulation (Hájková et al., 2016b). However, the role of this CB1 regulatory protein, SGIP1, in pathological pain conditions has not yet been described. Clarification of the role of SGIP1 interaction with CB1 receptor may help future research based on the use of cannabinoids as potential therapeutics. The thesis is structured into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part of the thesis, knowledge of the given topic is summarized. First, pain is described from an anatomical-physiological perspective, followed by a description of the endocannabinoid system, where a part is dedicated to the CB1 cannabinoid receptor itself, and then another part is dedicated to the SGIP1 protein and its interaction with the CB1 receptor. In the practical part, the role of SGIP1...
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Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in employees of one company working in an office environment
Voláková, Tereza ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Maršáková, Kateřina (referee)
Title: Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in employees of one company working in an office environment Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to identify the most common WRMDs in individuals with sedentary jobs in an office environment of one company. Another objective, is a more detailed evaluation of the results directed to the risk factors involved in their problems according to the respondents and the preventive strategies used by the respondents to prevent pain and discomfort. Methods: A questionnaire survey was chosen to collect data. The questionnaire for the study was based on the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionair (NMQ), a standardized questionnaire, the core of which was kept in its original form, and the section on risk factors, preventive strategies and sociodemographic questions was adapted for the respondent group. The questionnaire was distributed electronically, with respondents answering both open and closed questions. In total, the research population consisted of 133 respondents. The collected data were statistically processed using MS Excel and tables and graphs were created to illustrate the results. Results: In the last 12 months, 64 (48.1%) of the respondents had experienced Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorder (WRMD). The most frequently occurring WRMDs were in the...
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