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The journalistic interview: an auxiliary genre in television news reporting
Kaderka, Petr ; Havlík, Martin
Drawing upon ethnographic research, it is argued that producing television news is based on exploiting an elaborated and hierarchically ordered system of genres. Three levels are to be distinguished. Basic genres (1) are news item types (e.g. standard news, short news, live news etc.) that are employed in complex genres (2), i.e. television news programs. This paper focuses on an auxiliary genre (3) ‘journalistic interviews’, i.e. interviews with respondents, fragments of which are presented in TV news reports. The genre norms operating in journalistic interviews are derived from TV news reports as a superordinate genre. As a result, a specific course of interaction and a specific asymmetry between questions and answers are established.
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Manžel běžel na úřady. Calques in the speech of the first Czech immigrant generation in the USA
Kubáčková, Patricie
This article is concerned with the first Czech immigrant generation in the USA and the influence of American English on their Czech. The first generation can usually speak their mother tongue very well. However, long-term contact with American English led to changes in the Czech language. In this paper, the analysis is oriented to the calques which are usually considered (by immigrants) to be the “correct” Czech words, as opposed to, for example, loanwords.
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The Development of Capitalization Rules
Svobodová, Ivana
This article acquaint the reader with particular language handbooks dealing with capitalization that were published within the period from the eighteen-forties of the 19th century to the same decade of the 20th century. Substantial part of the article is taken up by the analysis of a 20 pages long work of F. Bačkovský who was the first to summarise general capitalization rules and to compile an overview of naming types. The overview makes clear that the system of capitalization rules has not always been steady. It was subjected to permanent changes.
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Bulgarian-Czech Dictionary Database Project
Rangelova, Albena ; Sixtová, Hedvika ; Kalajdžievová, N.
In connection with the successful international cooperation of the Institute of the Czech Language of the ASCR, v. v. i., (ICL) with the Institute for the Bulgarian Language of the BAS and the Ľudovít Štúr Institute of Linguistics of the SAS, a section of multilingual lexicography was established at the Department of Modern Lexicology and Lexicography of the ICL, which since 2008 has dealt with the confrontation research of Czech lexis in comparison with selected Slavic languages (Slovak, Bulgarian and Slovenian). One of the dictionary databases which is currently being prepared in this section is a Bulgarian-Czech dictionary database constructed using wiki-based internet collaboration system. In the article, we outline the basic conceptual features of this dictionary database and present the topical treatment questions such as the creation of the list of entries and its relation to the microstructure of the entry (in connection with the software resolution of the project).
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Neology in Department of Contemporary Lexicology and Lexicography (OSLL) – Results and Plans
Tichá, Zdeňka
The neological issue in the OSLL is a component of the wider framework of the research plan Creation of a Lexical Database of the Czech Language of the Beginning of the 21st Century (2005–2011, head – K. Oliva). The construction of the lexical collections (archives of lexical dynamics) is dealt with by the excerption section; the theoretical understanding and lexicographic treatment are assured by an independent working group of lexicographers. Thanks to the research plan being resolved, it was possible to ensure the continual complementation of the neological excerption, modify the method of the accumulation of the material in connection with the new tasks of the department and modernise the software equipment (in connection with that to make part of the neological material accessible to the wider public). These results are built on by the theoretical and practical activities of the neological working group, focusing on the treatment of new material (2002–2010).
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The reflection of space in the Czech vocabulary of the late Middle Ages
Nejedlý, Petr
The way the medieval people observed, interpreted and evaluated the space that surrounded them has been reflected also in the Old-Czech vocabulary – in designation of space, space relationships, operations in and with space, and in the word-formation motivation of many lexical units. From the pattern of lexical meanings and their semantic development it can be deduced which lexical units designing space and space relationships were central in the given period (cf. for example pút vs. cěsta – both path, road; journey), what was the hierarchy of the relevant concepts and their denomination (cf. povětřie - air; atmosphere; wind; weather vs. počěsie - suitable time; favourable weather; weather), and what was the extralinguistic reality (legal conventions – cf. veřějní - public, originally - placed on a door or gate; fight technique – cf. podvrci - forge, fake, foist, originally - push (weapon) under one's arm, etc.).
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The lexical database MADLA and possibilities of its use
Chybová, Barbora ; Záhořová, E.
The lexical database of the humanistic and baroque Czech MADLA covers vocabulary from 1500–1780. It contains about 750 000 hand-excerpted documents stemming from dictionaries, herbaria, chronicles and other literary documents from this historical period. Using this database, it is possible to monitor the development of meaning, word formation, paradigm and other grammatical categories, and it serves as a basis for further research on the vocabulary from the 16th–18th centuries. The text describes a representative sample of change in the meaning of the substantive kredenc („cupboard“), the meaning of which has shifted from the original „tasting“ to the contemporary „dresser“. Emphasis is placed on the proof and comparison of different meanings of this word.
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Czech Dictionary Office and Naše řeč (Our Speech): prominent personalities and relations
Uhlířová, Ludmila
Journal Naše řeč (Our Speech) was an official journal of the editors of the Desk Dictionary of Czech. Together with the Academic archive, http://www.mua.cas.cz, Naše řeč is the most important source of information about the first academic linguistic institution in our country – Czech Dictionary Office. In the paper some important chronological data concerning the foundation and activities of Czech Dictionary Office are presented (2.1), prominent personalities of the Czech pre-war linguistics are introduced and their roles as the organizers, authors and editors of the Desk Dictionary of Czech are reported (2.2), and their views on the “language correctness” and standard language are briefly commented on (2.3).
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Synchronic and diachronic views on literary anthroponyms
Dvořáková, Žaneta
My paper is focused on synchronic and diachronic views on literary anthroponyms. Synchronic analyses of literary proper names include two fields of study. The first one is a contemporary poetic (i. e. a set of „rules“ in art prevailing in an era of writing the story) and a contemporary context (social, historical etc.) and their influence on a choice and an understanding of names in a text. The second one is a confrontation of literary and real onymical system in a concrete time period. Diachronic research should be concerned especially an evolution of naming strategies e. g. in one literary genre
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Working with Praled and the entry structure in Pralex lexical database
Světlá, Jindra ; Habrová, Martina
In this article, we first present the overall structure of the Pralex lexical database, the work with the data entry form and Praled’s functions. We then focus on the general principles of the elementary processing of database entries, which are subsequently specified according to the individual word classes and entry types. The article ends with a specific example of the processing of an entry in the Pralex lexical database.
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