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Decrees of the President of the Republic - constitutional and international contexts
Velebil, Petr ; Gronský, Ján (advisor) ; Pavlíček, Václav (referee)
- anglický jazyk In my thesis I deal with presidential decrees in constitutional and international context. It consists of 5 parts. There are preconditions for the emergence of decrees in the first part. This international-legal recognition of the Czechoslovak government in exile, the theory of legal and political continuity of Czechoslovakia, uninterrupted presidency of dr.Beneš and the withdrawal of the Munich Agreement. The second part talks about the concept of issuing decrees. In the third part is the most important content of constitutional decrees. The fourth section deals specifically about formal-legal, material-legal and political continuity. In the last part I deal with today's issue of the validity of the decrees and decrees of the Czech Republic by accession to the European Union. Government in exile was recognized by Great Britain in 1940. It was very important because it could arise decrees. It arranged the constitutional decree Nr. 2/1940 official bulletin of Czechoslovakia, which established the emergence of decrees. Decrees of the President of the Republic published a proposal to the government. The State Council worked on decrees since 1942, received as an advisory vote. This decree suspended formal-legal continuity. The situation changed even Slovak National Council, because...
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Complication during pregnancy - Epidemiology and risk factors
Štuksová, Dita ; Velebil, Petr (advisor)
Risk pregnancy can be complicated by many factors which can switch physiological pregnancy to pathological pregnancy. Screening during pregnancy helps find risks and eliminate or treat pregnancy diseases. If a risk is discovered in general screening, specific screening follows. Effective prenatal screening results in a good perinatal epidemiology outcome. A pregnant women addicted to drugs risks pregnancy pathology, intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus and a neonate with problems in postnatal adaptation.
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Complications during pregnancy-Epidemiology and risk factors
Málek, Otakar ; Velebil, Petr (advisor)
Risk pregnancy is the term denoted to a pregnancy with a higher chance of developing a pathology than that of the normal population. Although risk pregnancies form 30% of all pregnancies only 20% to 30% of them actually develop a pathology. The higher than average risk can be present before conception or it is acquired during pregnancy. In order to identify risk factors general (medical history and physical examination) through specific screening is used. In case of a positive screening result specific prevention methods are applied. One of the late risk factors identified in pregnancies are sexually transmitted diseases, especially if their course is asymptomatic. Prevalence of urogenital chlamydia infections has been increasing, and various screening programs have been evaluated for their cost benefit ratio. Developed countries have introduced successful screening and preventive programs for hepatitis B infection. Also vertical transmission of HIV to the newborn is met by efficient preventive methods in developed countries. These methods, however, are not available in most of developing countries. Other than these there is also a serological screening for syphilis infections. There is no routine serological screening for the rest of sexually transmitted disease.
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Decrees of the President of the Republic - constitutional and international contexts
Velebil, Petr ; Gronský, Ján (advisor) ; Pavlíček, Václav (referee)
- anglický jazyk In my thesis I deal with presidential decrees in constitutional and international context. It consists of 5 parts. There are preconditions for the emergence of decrees in the first part. This international-legal recognition of the Czechoslovak government in exile, the theory of legal and political continuity of Czechoslovakia, uninterrupted presidency of dr.Beneš and the withdrawal of the Munich Agreement. The second part talks about the concept of issuing decrees. In the third part is the most important content of constitutional decrees. The fourth section deals specifically about formal-legal, material-legal and political continuity. In the last part I deal with today's issue of the validity of the decrees and decrees of the Czech Republic by accession to the European Union. Government in exile was recognized by Great Britain in 1940. It was very important because it could arise decrees. It arranged the constitutional decree Nr. 2/1940 official bulletin of Czechoslovakia, which established the emergence of decrees. Decrees of the President of the Republic published a proposal to the government. The State Council worked on decrees since 1942, received as an advisory vote. This decree suspended formal-legal continuity. The situation changed even Slovak National Council, because...
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Complications during pregnancy - epidemiology and risk factors
Nielsen, Silje Kaarstein ; Velebil, Petr (advisor)
Complications of pregnancy are the problems that are associated with pregnancy. The routine problems are common complications, and pose no significant danger to either the mother or the fetus. Serious problems can cause both maternal death and fetal death if untreated. Estimates from the World health organization in 2001 suggests that complications during pregnancy and childbirth are responsible for the deaths of 515 000 women each year. Sub-Saharan Africa is the area of greatest mortality. The common causes of maternal mortality worldwide are hemorrhage, infections, eclampsia, unsafe abortions and many more. Ectopic pregnancy occurs in about 1-2% of pregnancies. The incidence has increased the past decades, likely due to increased incidence of salpingitis, improved detection, increased maternal age, tubal sterilization techniques, assisted reproductive techniques, and the use of tubal surgery. The miscarriage of an early pregnancy is the commonest complication , with one in two conceptions lost before the end of the first trimester. Risk factors for miscarriage include increased maternal age, uterine abnormalities, infections, and chemical agents like tobacco.
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Complication during pregnancy - Epidemiology and risk factors
Štuksová, Dita ; Velebil, Petr (advisor)
Risk pregnancy can be complicated by many factors which can switch physiological pregnancy to pathological pregnancy. Screening during pregnancy helps find risks and eliminate or treat pregnancy diseases. If a risk is discovered in general screening, specific screening follows. Effective prenatal screening results in a good perinatal epidemiology outcome. A pregnant women addicted to drugs risks pregnancy pathology, intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus and a neonate with problems in postnatal adaptation.
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Complications during pregnancy-Epidemiology and risk factors
Málek, Otakar ; Velebil, Petr (advisor)
Risk pregnancy is the term denoted to a pregnancy with a higher chance of developing a pathology than that of the normal population. Although risk pregnancies form 30% of all pregnancies only 20% to 30% of them actually develop a pathology. The higher than average risk can be present before conception or it is acquired during pregnancy. In order to identify risk factors general (medical history and physical examination) through specific screening is used. In case of a positive screening result specific prevention methods are applied. One of the late risk factors identified in pregnancies are sexually transmitted diseases, especially if their course is asymptomatic. Prevalence of urogenital chlamydia infections has been increasing, and various screening programs have been evaluated for their cost benefit ratio. Developed countries have introduced successful screening and preventive programs for hepatitis B infection. Also vertical transmission of HIV to the newborn is met by efficient preventive methods in developed countries. These methods, however, are not available in most of developing countries. Other than these there is also a serological screening for syphilis infections. There is no routine serological screening for the rest of sexually transmitted disease.
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Epidemiology of risk factors in pregnancy focused on caesarean section
Janoušková, Tereza ; Velebil, Petr (advisor)
The frequency of termination of pregnancy by Caesarean sectioncontinued to grow since the 70 flight the last century, in the Euro-Atlantic area is 10-30%. In the Czech Republic to follow a similar trend. In 2007, was terminated in this manner approximately 20% of births, it represents 8% growth rate over the past 10 years (Velebil et al., 2008). In the eyes of the public has a reputation for caesarean seeminglysimple and safe performance. There are women who prefer it and ask for their obstetrician termination of pregnancy in this way. The aim of this work is a comprehensive report caesarean section, with emphasis on its complications that may endanger the mother, but also the newborn.
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Complications during pregnancy - epidemiology and risk factors
Clausen, Maria ; Velebil, Petr (advisor)
Pregnancy is a normal, healthy state which most women aspire to at some point in their lives. Yet this normal process carries with it serious risks of death and disability to mother, child or both. The worst outcome of these complications is maternal or fetal death. In this work, the focus will be on maternal death, maternal mortality ratio worldwide, causes and to review what is done in order to prevent and decrease the high number of avoidable deaths. The fact is that worldwide, eight million women suffer pregnancy-related complications and over half a million young women die every year as a result of complications arising from pregnancy and childbirth. 99% occur in developing countries. Most of these deaths could be avoided if preventive measures were taken and adequate care available, this including adequate nutrition, improved hygiene practices, family planning available for all, antenatal care, skilled health workers assisting at births, emergency obstetric and newborn care, and postnatal visits for both mothers and newborns. In developing countries, one woman in 16 may die of pregnancy-related complications compared to one in 2800 in developed countries.
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Perinatal morbidity and its prevention
Kohoutková, Barbora ; Velebil, Petr (advisor)
Within the perinatal period, the mother and the fetus exposed complications that may jeopardize or adversely affect their life. The thesis is focused on maternal morbidity, from which I most impressed operative deliveries, particularly repeat cesarean (SC). SC has now become convenient and safe public awareness and way to bring a child into the world. But is it really so? Few people seem to think the risks for the next birth in women with a history of SC. The number of women mainly from the 80s has risen considerably, so I think that is a current topic and discussed.
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