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Laboratotry diagnosis of intestinal protozoa with a focus on Dientamoeba fragilis
Vyleťalová, Lea ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Technician Bachelor's thesis Author: Lea Vyleťalová Supervisor: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Title: Laboratory diagnosis of intestinal protozoa with a focus on Dientamoeba fragilis Infections caused by intestinal protozoa are currently a persistent health problem. These infections mainly affect populations in developing countries due to their limited laboratory facilities, often poor hygiene practices and limited funding for health services. Although traditional diagnostic methods based on microscopy and staining are still in use, they present significant limitations in terms of low sensitivity and specifity, as well as time- consuming and the need for trained laboratory workers. For this reason, new methods are still being developed in developed areas, particularly in the field od molecular biology. These methods are based on the principle of the polymerase chain reaction and its multiplex design. Other possible methods suitable for the detection of intestinal parasitic infections include immunological and culture-based methods. One of the intestinal parasitic protozoa causing gastrointestinal disease is the cosmopolitan trichomonad Dientamoeba fragilis. This is a parasite whose...
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Toxocara canis
Žáková, Barbora ; Voxová, Barbora (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
The aim of this work is to compare seroprevalence against Toxocara of patients from FN HK between 2017 and 2021. Finally these results are compared with the results of the study of PharmDr. Barbora Voxová and Čermáková from 2009-2013. The methods of investigation were chosen indirect serological. It was testing by ELISA methods on present of IgG antibodies in the serum in both of studies (from 2009-2013 and 2017-2021). If the presence of antigen in serum was confirmed, an avidity test was made. This avidity test was made by modified ELISA method using of urea. During period 2017 to 2021 a total of 609 patients were examined (282 men and 327 women). The largest group of patients consisted of patients aged 50-60, the smallest group of patients was over 80 years. 7 % of patients had positive result (47 % were men and 53 % were women). The most positive (11) were in the age group 70-80 years, the least (0) in the age group 0-10 years. 31 % of positive had low avidity, 8 % had borderline avidity and 61 % had high avidity. During period 2009 to 2013 a 1083 patients were examined. 10 % of patients had positive result (53 % were men and 47 % were women). 11 % positive had low avidity and 89 % had high avidity. The number of examinations decreased rapidly between the two studies. In theyears 2009-2013 there...
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Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Bílková, Dominika ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Voxová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Subject of study: Healthcare bioanalytics Author: Dominika Bílková Supervisor: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Title: Pathogenic Escherichia coli Background: The aim of this work is to gather basic knowledge about bacteria Escherichia coli. The work is mainly focused on pathogenic serotypes of E. coli, their virulence factors and symptoms of diseases. The work also deals with laboratory diagnosis options for E. coli and treatment and prevention options. Main findings: Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium and a member of the family Enterobacterales. It is common part of the human intestinal microflora, where it produces vitamin K and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Some serotypes of E. coli are pathogenic and they have the ability to cause intestinal or extraintestinal diseases. Intestinal pathogens cause intestinal infections with diarrhea and they are divided into enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC) and diffusely adherent (DAEC) E. coli. Extraintestinal pathogens cause mainly urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis and sepsis. Conclusions: Escherichia coli is important part of...
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection - incidence in east-czech region in years 2005-2007.
Kudelová, Michaela ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Ryšková, Olga (referee)
Objective: The work investigated occurrence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in east - Czech region in years 2005 - 2007. Patients: The sera obtained from 6965 patients in all ages that were cure in hospital in Hradec Kralove. The patients' sera examined by serological method which is called ELISA. Results: In years 2005 - 2007 9,3 % (648/6965) patients fell ill of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The most occurrence of infection was in year 2006 (11 %). We didn't observe epidemic. Children 5 - 14 years old (46,1 %) and adolescents to 25 years old (31,9 %) were most frequent patients. We observed complications in 13,9 % cases, the most frequent were neurological complications (meningitis and neuropathy) and gastro - intestinal complications (diarrhoea, nausea and hepatitis). Conclusion: Mycoplasma pneumoniae cause 9,3 % of infections. Complications were observed in 13,9 % cases of infection. Macrolide antibiotics are used in treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection; tetracycline and fluorochinolone antibiotics are alternative to cure.
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Evaluation of activity of potentional antibacterial substances through the use of microdilution broth method
Andělová, Magdaléna ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical science Candidate: Magdaléna And lová Supervisor: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Name of diploma thesis: Evaluation of activity of potentional antibacterial substances throught of the use microdilution broth metod Background Aim of this diploma work was research of activity of potentional antimicrobiotic substances. Research of antibacterial substances is one of the most important factor in pharmaceutic industry. The main reason is being the never stopping growth of bacterial resistence. Methods The microdilution broth metod was used to test the substances. This metod was used because of low difficulty and low cost. All the steps including the final analising was done by hand. Results The substances were divided in groups depending their chemical struction. The most effective was the salicylanilide derivates group. The other groups inhibitated growth of bacteria very little or were non-functional. In case of every bacterial stems were analised all substances which were effective. Conclusion Depending on the results the most sensitive and the most resistant bacterial stem were choosen. The most sensitive reaction on tested substances had bacterial stem Staphylococcus aureus. The Klebsiella pneumoniae...
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Antimicrobial effect of photocatalytically effective metal compounds.
Ľupták, Peter ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
1 Abstract. ĽUPTÁK, P. Antimicrobial effect of photocalatic effective compounds of metals. Diploma work. Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 2009. Field of study: Pharmacy, Background This diploma work is aimed at testing antimicrobial activity coatings on the basis of photocalytic effect of nano particles of metal dioxides. In the coats tested active nano particles of tantium dioxide alone or with zinc oxide were used. Methods In this work we have developed a methodics, which is in the experimental part. The methodics contains three ways, in which the coats have been mutually compared on the basis of activation of UV-VIS radiation: A method of in advance radiated coats with antimicrobial activity for three hours. A method of radiation of the coats with antimicrobial activity with applied suspension. A method of radiation of coats in advance with microbial activity for various time periods. The effectiveness have been tested on five microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococus auereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacilus subtilis and Candida albicans as the representative of eukaryotic organisms. Results At all methods G- microorganisms were more sensitive, which showed the sensitivity even without UV-VIS radiation. After longer time periods of contact G+ organisms were well...
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Study of morphological and physiological aspects of Candida albicans growth in the relation to human hormones.
Vaculíková, Petra ; Buchta, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
1. ABSTRACT Vaginal infection caused by yeasts is very frequent complication of women in fertile age.. One the most important predisposed factor are considered sexual hormones, especially estardiol. The results of clinical observations shows that this infection often occurs in women during the luteal phase of menstrual cycle, when estrogen and progesteron levels are elevated. We studied antifunal effect of sexual hormones on the growth of Candida albicans in combination with antifungal drugs. We used six clinical strains of Candida albicans from the patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. A combination of one antifungal drug (fluconazole, amphotericin B, flucytosine) with a hormone (testosterone, progesterone, estradiol) was tested in all these strins. The results expressed as MIC of these combinations of hormone and antifungals were determined visually and spectrophotometrically. The best combination in terms of antifungal activity in vitro was amfotericin B with progesterone which showed addition. In contrast, combinations of flukonazol with all hormones were indifferent or antagonistic.
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