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Pathofysiology of a tumour microenvironment of salivary glands cancer
Kuchař, Martin ; Skřivan, Jiří (advisor) ; Pokorný, Jaroslav (referee) ; Lohynská, Radka (referee)
Treatment options for salivary gland carcinomas (SGC), especially advanced ones, are limited. Immunotherapy, particularly therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), has brought significant progress and change in the treatment of malignant tumors. The effect and response to immunotherapy using ICI are largely driven by the characteristics of immune cells in the tumor tissue and, as it turns out, also in the peritumoral tissue. We conducted an immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of the immune checkpoint protein PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells as well as tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) in samples of salivary carcinomas, separately in their centre and at their periphery. In addition to the above, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that resistance to ICI therapy is modulated by the interaction of the Fas receptor (CD95) and Fas ligand (FasL, CD178) between tumor cells and immune cells. We therefore decided to explore the expression and interaction of Fas-FasL between tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the centre of the tumor and in the peritumoral area of salivary carcinoma samples. Differential evaluation of the tumor centre and tumor periphery across various histological subtypes of SGC revealed the role of peripheral TIICs and...
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Use of autologous material in Middle Ear Surgery
Školoudík, Lukáš ; Vokurka, Jan (advisor) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee) ; Skřivan, Jiří (referee)
Use of Autologous Material in Middle Ear Surgery The use of autologous material in kofosurgery has been preferred to that of homologous or aloplastic materials in most situations. However, the use of autologous material in patients with cholesteatoma has been limited by the risk of harbouring residual disease. In the clinical part of the study we investigated the relationship between residual cholesteatoma and the method of reconstruction of the middle ear ossicles. Regarding the histological findings, two methods of middle ear ossicle treatment were suggested. The first method tested was mechanical clearance of the ossicles by stripping and burring their surfaces under microscopic view. The mechanical treatment was successful in all cases of mildly eroded ossicles. In cases of severely eroded ossicles, this method was unsuccessful. The second method tested was autoclaving of the ossicle for four minutes at 134 řC after mechanical cleaning. The combination of mechanical and thermal treatment eliminated the cholesteatoma entirely in all cases, including those with severely eroded ossicles. In the experimental part of the study we investigated the reaction of the middle ear mucosa after autoclaving the ossicles and also observed any changes to the ossicles over time since implantation. In an animal experiment...
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Use of autologous material in Middle Ear Surgery
Školoudík, Lukáš ; Vokurka, Jan (advisor) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee) ; Skřivan, Jiří (referee)
Use of Autologous Material in Middle Ear Surgery The use of autologous material in kofosurgery has been preferred to that of homologous or aloplastic materials in most situations. However, the use of autologous material in patients with cholesteatoma has been limited by the risk of harbouring residual disease. In the clinical part of the study we investigated the relationship between residual cholesteatoma and the method of reconstruction of the middle ear ossicles. Regarding the histological findings, two methods of middle ear ossicle treatment were suggested. The first method tested was mechanical clearance of the ossicles by stripping and burring their surfaces under microscopic view. The mechanical treatment was successful in all cases of mildly eroded ossicles. In cases of severely eroded ossicles, this method was unsuccessful. The second method tested was autoclaving of the ossicle for four minutes at 134 řC after mechanical cleaning. The combination of mechanical and thermal treatment eliminated the cholesteatoma entirely in all cases, including those with severely eroded ossicles. In the experimental part of the study we investigated the reaction of the middle ear mucosa after autoclaving the ossicles and also observed any changes to the ossicles over time since implantation. In an animal experiment...
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