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Land plant terrestrialization - New insights from genomes of charophyte algae
Horňák, Milan ; Pichrtová, Martina (advisor) ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (referee)
The terrestrialization of land plants was an important event in the history of life on Earth. Genomic and transcriptomic studies published in the last decade shed light on many aspects of this process. This work presents an overview of the traits facilitating the conquest of land by land plants. It focuses on streptophyte algae to elucidate what properties relevant to life on land the ancestors of terrestrial plants possessed and in what form, primarily using recent genomic and transcriptomic data.
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Conversion in the Parsi Community
Horňák, Milan ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Ondračka, Lubomír (referee)
The present work examines the debate about the permissibility of conversion in the Parsi community of India. It explores the historical development of the debate with a focus on the main groups and their ideologies. It shows that both of the sides of the debate aimed to formulate their convictions in a Westernized language for a greater social prestige, while in both cases largely preserving the traditional endogamic rules in practice.
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Conversion in the Parsi Community
Horňák, Milan ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Ondračka, Lubomír (referee)
The present work examines the debate about the permissibility of conversion in the Parsi community of India. It explores the historical development of the debate with a focus on the main groups and their ideologies. It shows that both of the sides of the debate aimed to formulate their convictions in a Westernized language for a greater social prestige, while in both cases largely preserving the traditional endogamic rules in practice.
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Conversion of Iran to Shiite Islam
Horňák, Milan ; Oudová Holcátová, Barbara (advisor) ; Ženka, Josef (referee)
The subject of this paper is the conversion of the Iranian area to Shi'a Islam. This conversion took place under the patronage of the Safavid dynasty in the period between the years 1501 and 1736. I deal primarily with individual religious groups which did not have the support of the state in this period. On these I demonstrate the way Iranian diverse religious scene changed from a Sunni one with many heterodox and unislamic groups to a centralized polity with a Shi'ite identity. There was a great difference between the two Safavid centuries. In the 16th the kings focused on building a Shi'ite identity for their lands while keeping their own messianic role. That was detrimental mainly for Sunnis, Sufi orders, and other Shi'ite groups. Contrarily, in the 17th centrury the Shi'ite identity was well rooted and only politically motivated movements of Christian population took place. In the very end of Safavid rule, in a time of decline, a class of influential clerics tried to unite the population under Shi'ite Islam and instigated another wave of persecutions targeting this time Sunnis and non-Islamic minorities. During the whole Safavid period the heterodox Islam of the original Safavid Sufi order declined, since their chiliasm was over time neutralized.
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