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Medieval society and landscape, their reciprocal relationship and influencing
Horák, Jan ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Lisá, Lenka (referee) ; Gojda, Martin (referee)
1 Jan Horák Medieval society and landscape, their reciprocal relationship and influencing Dissertation English abstract Introduction Archaeology is a discipline focused on human. And although we can find many specialisations in it, like medieval archaeology or environmental archaeology, we should not forget the possibilities of stepping out of these specialised ways or of binding them together. Archaeology can also contribute to the knowledge about us and about our own society. The ways in which medieval people have dealt with nature offer many interesting possibilities of ideas and concepts, which are applicable not only on archaeological methods, but also on a reflection of us. This study aims on topic of a relationship between medieval society and a landscape with example of the relationship with soils. This choice is based not only on an importance of the soils for medieval people, but also on the importance of soils in archaeological research. The soils are an archive of archaeological information and are also one of the most used explanatory factors of environment oriented interpretations. But these interpretations often lead to inconsistent and wrong results. This study is therefore aimed also on a critique of archaeological methods. To make such critique possible - as to evaluate archaeological...
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Methodology of processing and archiving of aerial survey data in archaeology
Gojda, Martin ; Novák, David ; Kuna, Martin ; Vavřín, P. ; Bíšková, J.
The Methodology of Processing and Archiving of Aerial Survey Data in Archaeology is one of the outputs that concludes not only the research project Archaeology from the Sky, but also one of the stages of aerial archaeology and digitization of archaeological data in the Czech Republic. Both of these areas began to develop in the Czech Republic in the early 1990s, initially independently, and over time in ever closer cooperation. These two branches of archaeological work in the Czech Republic have undergone a deeper transformation in the past decade, which has meant the creation of an institutionalised research infrastructure, the Archaeological Information System of the Czech Republic, for the field of digital documentation, and a full-fledged move towards digital technologies for data collection, preservation, analysis and presentation for aerial archaeology. Nowadays it is hard to imagine aerial survey without digital technologies and at the same time the image of the country's archaeological heritage without attractive and professionally valuable aerial images. Having learnt from the natural disasters at the Archaeological Institutes of the CAS in 2002 and 2008, we now know that digitisation is the only way to save older data, to secure them from future loss and to make them fully usable (by making them accessible to a wide range of experts and other interested parties). Leaving aside the development of proprietary technologies, which will always be a task for a narrower circle of specialists, the development of digitisation in aerial archaeology brings two main challenges for most archaeologists working in this field. The first is the conversion and description of legacy, analogue documents into digital form, as old images can contain irreplaceable information that it would be a shame to leave buried in archives and exposed to the gradual loss of their informational value. The second challenge is to recognise the demands that the advent of the information society in general brings with it, i.e. the need for greater cooperation between professionals, sharing of information and coordination of professional practices. While the entire Archaeology from the Sky project focused on the first task, this methodology offers help with the second task. Methodologies of this type are now being developed throughout Europe, but they are not yet numerous and by no means cover all areas of archaeological work. Only a methodology (“Guide to Good Practice”) prepared in 1999 by the leading British institution Archaeology Data Service has been published directly on our topic, however, it is already evident from the date of its publication that it cannot fully cover the needs of today, not to mention the specific situation of Czech archaeology and its procedures. The European Archaeological Council's 2014 manual, which was also published in Czech translation, focuses on the archiving of archaeological data, but it is general and does not address the specific issues of aerial archaeology. Of the Czech manuals, only the 2017 Methodology for the Identification of Immovable Archaeological Monuments touches our topic in a marginal way. The authors of the presented manual and the members of the expert team of the Archaeology from the Sky project are convinced that this methodology will contribute to the protection of a specific part of the archaeological heritage in the Czech Republic. We also believe that thousands of aerial archaeological images, which are already available through the AMCR Digital Archive, will soon be joined by other collections, and that this fact will contribute to the development of professional research and public interest in archaeology.
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Remote sensing and its changing ways to archaeological sites detection and mapping
Gojda, Martin
The dynamic development of remote sensing today also significantly enriches the archaeological investigation of prehistoric and historical settlement from above, especially within a heuristic approach (detection and photographic documentation of as yet unregistered areas with archaeological sources in the case of targeted aerial prospection, analysis and interpretation of orthophotographs and satellite data in the case of the use of orthophotomaps publicly available on the internet) and in the subsequent mapping and creation of plans of newly identified evidence of past settlement activities. The article provides a brief overview of technical innovations and possibilities in both mentioned steps of the research process and describes how the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences is currently processing aerial photographs (taken in 1992–2016 during aerial survey campaigns) into digital orthorectified and georeferenced maps (large areas with traces of past settlement activities visible mainly through indirect vegetation indicators) and detailed plans of individual sites, i.e., accumulations of buried anthropogenic features of prehistoric and historical origin in a small area.
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Body - walking - lanscape: Prehistorical agricultural cultures in the flatlands of Czechia
Pauknerová, Karolína ; Matoušek, Václav (advisor) ; Gojda, Martin (referee) ; Pleinerová, Ivana (referee)
Landscape is not only a material world out there since it also represents a particular way of seeing and understanding the world around. I draw on the idea that by researching landscapes of long gone people we can get closer to their (life)world. In behind of the whole research project lies the idea that the way people dwell in the world resonates with how they understand it. Within the research I employ the methodology of the phenomenology of landscape. Phenomenological research of landscapes inhabited by people in prehistoric ages is concerned with gathering and analysing sensual data such as view from the locality in question, colours, smells, texture, etc. at the place. Human body and the most common bodily activity - walking - is used as a research tool. I explore settlement strategies of four prehistoric cultures - Linear Pottery, Stroked Pottery, Funnel Beakers, and Aunjetitz cultures - within three flatlands in Bohemia (Kladno plateau, the area southwards from the city of Pilsen and the region south and south-westwards form the town of Kolín). At Kolín region and Kladno plateau I compare settlement distribution of two cultures: the Aunjetitz and Stroked pottery cultures at Kolín and Funnel Beakers and Aunjetitz cultures at Kladno. At Pilsen region I concentrated solely on Linear Pottery culture. The...
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Body - walking - lanscape: Prehistorical agricultural cultures in the flatlands of Czechia
Pauknerová, Karolína ; Matoušek, Václav (advisor) ; Gojda, Martin (referee) ; Pleinerová, Ivana (referee)
Landscape is not only a material world out there since it also represents a particular way of seeing and understanding the world around. I draw on the idea that by researching landscapes of long gone people we can get closer to their (life)world. In behind of the whole research project lies the idea that the way people dwell in the world resonates with how they understand it. Within the research I employ the methodology of the phenomenology of landscape. Phenomenological research of landscapes inhabited by people in prehistoric ages is concerned with gathering and analysing sensual data such as view from the locality in question, colours, smells, texture, etc. at the place. Human body and the most common bodily activity - walking - is used as a research tool. I explore settlement strategies of four prehistoric cultures - Linear Pottery, Stroked Pottery, Funnel Beakers, and Aunjetitz cultures - within three flatlands in Bohemia (Kladno plateau, the area southwards from the city of Pilsen and the region south and south-westwards form the town of Kolín). At Kolín region and Kladno plateau I compare settlement distribution of two cultures: the Aunjetitz and Stroked pottery cultures at Kolín and Funnel Beakers and Aunjetitz cultures at Kladno. At Pilsen region I concentrated solely on Linear Pottery culture. The...
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