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Virom of lower urinary tracts
Cirbusová, Adéla ; Saláková, Martina (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
The human urinary tract was considered to be a sterile environment for many years. However, studies over the past decade have shown that urine harbours rich microbial community which includes also viruses. Nevertheless, there is only very little known about urinary virome so far. Optimised Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) protocol was used to describe the urinary virome of three individuals. However, characterization of the virome from urine samples using NGS proved to be quite challenging, mainly due to observed viral genomes fragmentation. Despite this problem, it was possible to identify human endogenous retroviruses in all individuals and also JC polyomavirus in two of them. Quantitative PCR was further used to characterize part of the urinary virome represented by human DNA viruses. Possible differences in prevalence and viral load of human DNA viruses were observed in individuals with and without bladder carcinoma (bc). Urine of these patients was obtained from different sites of the urinary tract to further establish, if there is a difference in these samples. Torque Teno virus and JC polyomavirus were found as the most common viruses. Torque Teno virus was detected in 75 % patients with and 60 % patients without bc, JC polyomavirus in 43,8 % patients with and 50 % patients without bc. BK...
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The role of BK polyomavirus in human cancer
Cirbusová, Adéla ; Saláková, Martina (advisor) ; Šroller, Vojtěch (referee)
BK polyomavirus is small uncoated DNA virus which is ubiquitous in human population. In imunosupresed individuals can cause severe diseases, specifically BK polyomavirus associated nephropathy (BKVaN) and hemoragic cystitidis. Except that, it is presumed that BKV may be responsible for some cases of human cancer. Some features of BKV could support this idea. There are three encoded oncoproteins in BKV genome. BKV is oncogenic in rodents, where induces multiple types of tumors and it can transform cell lines as well. Moreover, BKV DNA was found in many types of human cancer. All these facts suggest a possible role of BKV in human cancer. Bladder carcinoma in pacients after transplatation and prostate adenocarcinoma are the most likely candidates to link with BKV participation. There is no complete evidence though. Therefore, future studies are necessary to proof or even exclude BKV as a possible cause of human cancer. key words: BKV, cancer, LTag, prostate, bladder
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