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Probiotic high-fat dairy products
Šebestová, Kateřina ; Potůčková, Miroslava (advisor) ; Ivana, Ivana (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to summarise the current knowledge about application of probiotic culture of microorganisms into high-fat food matrixes (dairy or non-dairy) and their potential for devolepment of probiotic cookies. Probiotics are defined as living microorganisms which provide specific health benefits when consumed in a certain amount. They could be consumed in the form of commercially available food with added value or as nutritional supplements. The most common strains of probiotic microorganisms used in food industry are lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium sp.) Their benefical effects include immunostimulatory, antibiotic, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, anticarcinogenic, anti-allergenic and antidiabetic effects and decrease of lactose intolerance symptoms.
As food carriers for probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria were successfully tested some high-fat dairy or non-dairy matrixes. Non-dairy probiotic carriers with high potential include dressing and chocolate. However, the most common probiotic carriers are dairy products. Traditional are fermented dairy products, especially yogurt, quark and cheese. Increasingly popular are also probiotic ice creams. Probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei LBC 82 was successfully used for production of cream chocolate mousse.
Unfortunately, studies which are focused on probiotic cookies development are currently not available. However, based on the available results about high-fat probiotic carriers, it could be presume that suitable matrixes for probiotic cookie filling would be cream, yogurt and fresh cheese. High potential has also chocolate in the form of chocolate chips, filling or glaze.
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The relations of the USA and China on the current and financial account of the balance of payments
Šebestová, Kateřina ; Hnát, Pavel (advisor) ; Jiránková, Martina (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to analyse relations between the United States and China on the current and financial account of the balance of payments in the quantitative and the qualitative point of view and to evaluate the impact of mutual operations on the external equilibrium. The partial objective of the thesis is to create the entry analysis for assessment of the global imbalances of the current accounts. Current external imbalances and mutual trade and investment relations between the USA and China are the key factors of the global imbalances. The thesis is divided into two chapters. The first chapter is theoretical and it is divided into two component parts. The first part is dedicated to the definition of single components of the balance of payments (current, financial and capital account), to its determinants and to mutual relations. The balance of payments theory is based on IMF's methodology. In the second part of the first chapter are introduced the main approaches to the balance of payments, the income (keynesian, multiplier), price (elasticity) and monetary approach. The analysis of the relations in terms of balance of payments is presented in the second chapter. The current account relations are assessed in the first part of the second chapter with the focus on domestic savings, investment, processing trade and effect of the Chinese monetary policy on mutual relations. The second part of the thesis deals with financial account matters, especially with Chinese build-up of the foreign exchange, American federal debt and character of the investment that flows between the USA and China.
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The monetary policy of the European Central Bank
Šebestová, Kateřina ; Neumann, Pavel (advisor)
The objective of this thesis is to analyse and to evaluate the monetary policy of the European Central Bank (ECB) since the establishment of the European monetary union until the financial crisis in 2008. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part introduces operating principles of monetary policy, which types of monetary policy exist and which instruments it uses. The second part deals with the process of its establishment and its formal requirements. In the third part, the analytical one, is presented the ECB's monetary policy implementation scheme and the single periods of reducing/raising of key ECB interest rates depending on economic and monetary developments in the euro area are analysed. By virtue of the analysis the ECB's monetary policy efficiency is being evaluated in author's view. The conclusion of this part contains changes in monetary policy instruments during the financial crisis.
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