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Flavonoids and natural coumarins interactions with conventional medicine
Sigmundová, Tereza ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lenka Tůmová, CSc. Student: Tereza Sigmundová Title of Thesis: Flavonoids and natural coumarins interactions with conventional medicine Keywords: medicinal plant, flavonoids, coumarins, interactions The aim of this diploma thesis is to give an overview of the interactions between conventional drugs and simultaneous use of flavonoids, coumarins or medicinal plants containing flavonoids and coumarins. Cited literature includes articles published since 2000 till 2018, that were collected mostly using online databases (Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar). Flavonoids can affect the metabolism of drugs through interaction with CYP450 enzymes, P-glycoprotein, ABC or SLC transporters. This type of interaction is particularly important for drugs with narrow therapeutic index such as cyclosporin, digoxin or warfarin. Furanocoumarins contained for example in grapefruit juice cause irreversible inhibition of CYP3A4 enzyme and affect the pharmacokinetics of many drugs. The major drug classes that have been reported to present pharmacodynamic interactions with flavonoids or natural coumarins are anticoagulants, cytostatics and central nervous system agents. The thesis also describes...
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The selenium effect on secondary metabolites production in in vitro cultures of medicinal plants - II
Ošťádalová, Tereza ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Candidate: Tereza Ošťádalová Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Lenka Tůmová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: The selenium effect on secondary metabolites production in in vitro cultures of medicinal plants - II. Key words: callus, suspension culture, abiotic elicitor, selenium, Fagopyrum In vitro plant cultures usually produce only a small amount of secondary metabolites. The method of elicitation is one of the options how to increase the production of these substances. The effect of selenium as abiotic elicitor on rutin production in callus and suspension culture of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench., variety Pyra was observed in this study. The release of rutin into the nutrient medium was studied as well. The cultivation was performed in Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium which was enriched with 1 mg/l of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The solution of selenium in three different concentrations (c1 = 9.012.10-3 mol/l, c2 = 9.012.10-4 mol/l, c3 = 9.012.10-5 mol/l) was used. The samples were taken after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours of elicitor treatment. The rutin content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The elicitation led to increasing of rutin amount in callus and also in suspension...
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Forest days in kindergarten Slapy
TŮMOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to make a schedule of Fridays "Forrest days for kindergarten children" from Slapy near Tábor. Theoretical part deals with the influence of nature to children and their all-round development. Further it brings processed information in the form of literary research of history of the city Slapy, Silver nature trail Tábor Horky Větrovy, specific animals, trees and plants around the city Slapy. The practical part creates particular programmes for 5 Forrest days and three of them were realized. Children got to know nature and history of city Slapy and its around.
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The effect of polyphenolic substances on vascular smooth muscle
Najmanová, Iveta ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee) ; Klimas, Ján (referee)
[Sem zadejte text.] Abstract Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Iveta Najmanová, MCs First Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Second Supervisor: Marie Vopršalová, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: The effect of polyphenolic substances on vascular smooth muscle Polyphenolic substances are one of the most abundant secondary plant metabolites. Many substances from simple phenols with one benzene core to the polymeric compounds belong to these groups. Two groups, coumarins and flavonoids, were selected for this dissertation. The aim of this thesis was to analyse their effect on vascular smooth muscle in in vitro and in vivo conditions. In the case of coumarins, the aim was reached by writing of a review article. The effect of flavonoids, including their metabolites was experimentaly tested and some of the results have already been published. The first step in my research was to perform a screening of metabolites of quercetin, the most occuring flavonol in the human diet, and compare their vasorelaxant potential. Experiments were performed on isolated rat thoracic aorta. During the testing, the most effective metabolite was definitely 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3-HPPA), which was at least one order...
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Natural drugs in the treatment and prevention of prostate diseases
Alaei Faradonbeh, Danial ; Martin, Jan (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
Danial Alaei Faradonbeh, Natural drugs in the treatment and prevention of prostate diseases, Charles University in Prague, faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 2015, 86 pages. "Natural drugs in the treatment and prevention of prostate diseases" deals with prostate diseases which are some of the common ailments affecting men in different parts of the world. The etiology of prostate diseases has been identified but little progress has been witnessed as far as treatment is concerned. Of all prostate diseases identified so far, prostate cancer is the most common and affect me aged 40 and above. Prostate cancer affects the prostate gland and affects the normal function of other genitourinary tissues. Conventional prostate disease therapies have yielded minimal results, leading to increased calls for further research. Successful application of plants in the management of other conditions has attracted the interests of cancer researchers. Focus on a number of plants can provide the much needed reprieve and therapy against prostate cancer. Previous studies have identified a number of plants whose active component can act against cancer cells. Ficus pseudopalma, Nelumbo nuficera, Camptotheca acuminata, Rauvolfa vomitoria and Viscum album are some of the plants which have been identified to act against...
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Drugs with teratogenic activity
Łuńská, Rut ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Spilková, Jiřina (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové Department: Department of Pharmacognosy Head of thesis: doc. PharmDr. Lenka T mová, Csc. Student: Bc. Rut Łu ská Title of the thesis: Teratogenic drugs The aim of this diploma thesis is to give an overview of teratogenic drugs. The work approaches the problems of teratogenesis, factors affecting teratogenicity, distribution of teratogens, classification of medication in pregnancy and methods of teratogenicity study. An overview of teratogenic plants broken down by family with manifestation of teratogenicity and substances responsible for teratogenicity is given here. Most teratogenic plants were found in the Fabacae, Compositae and Lamiacae families. Alkaloids and terpenes are most often responsible for teratogenic effects. In addition, the work focuses on the negative effects of cannabis, tobacco smoking and caffeine on the course of pregnancy. Keywords: teratogen, medicinal plant, drug, pregnancy
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Natrural substances with toxic and allergic activity
Rapiová, Vendula ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lenka Tůmová, CSc. Student: Vendula Rapiová Title of Thesis: Natural substances with toxic and allergic activity Keywords: medicinal plant, allergy, side effects, toxicity The connection between herbs and mankind dates to early ages and without discussion herbal remedies were the first one to put in use. We observe significant increase of herbal remedies used in paediatric patients in last decades. The goal of this work was set to examine available information about herbal safety. The list of herbs that are dangerous or inappropriate to use in children age was made. The herbs were grouped into simple classification system of herbal safety. In addition to chapters describing herbal safety the work contains knowledge about their general use in paediatrics phytotherapy, the pros and cons of their use. To gather the data of web research and scientific literature were employed. The analysed data were published between 1968-2017 and were collected using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The rate of herbal safety is classified into five specific groups - A, B, C, S and X. The analysis of results shows that the biggest group with the most represented samples in class was the class C with...
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The selenium effect on secondary metabolites production in in vitro cultures of medicinal plants - I
Černá, Pavlína ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
Higher plants represent an important source of valuable substances, so called secondary metabolites, which can be obtained through explant cultures of plants. Elicitation is a method of increasing the secondary metabolites production. This study aims to evaluate the secondary metabolites production in Fagopyrum esculentum variety Spacinska cultures in vitro after abiotic elicitor treatment. The experiment was focused on alteration of rutin production in callus and suspension cultures of F. esculentum var. Spacinska after selenium application. Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was used for the cultivation. Selenium solutions of various concentrations (c1 = 9.012×10-3 mol l-1 , c2 = 9.012×10-4 mol l-1 , c3 = 9.012×10-5 mol l-1 ) were affecting the cultures for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. The content of rutin was determined by HPLC. The release of secondary metabolites into the nutrient medium was studied as well. After elicitor application, the rutin production increased in both callus and suspension cultures. Higher levels of rutin content were detected in callus culture. The maximum rutin content (0.6 mg g-1 DW) was reached after 12 h of elicitor treatment of c2 concentration in callus culture. Concerning suspension culture, the...
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Secondary metabolites of plant cultures in vitro II
Pakánová, Alica ; Kašparová, Marie (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Student: Alica Pakánová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Kašparová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Secondary metabolites of plant cultures in vitro II Diploma thesis is focused on callus and suspension plant cultures of Juniperus virginiana 'Glauca' and their production of secondary metabolite. Produced content of podophyllotoxin was observed during 15 subcultivations for both types of cultures. The highest content of podophyllotoxin (0.060 %) was established in the 18th subcultivation of suspension culture derivated from the three-years-old callus culture and then subcultivated in the period of 21 days. The maximal content of podophyllotoxin produced by callus culture (0.0515 %) was found out in the 46th subcultivation. Simultaneously it represented the last observed subcultivation subcultivated in the period of 28 days. This research shows that nor the production of Juniperus virginiana callus culture neither the production of suspension culture is stopped by increased number of subcultivation. Keywords: Suspension cultures, callus cultures, production of secondary metabolites, Juniperus virginiana, podophyllotoxin.
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Transport mechanisms of secondary metabolites across membranes of plant cells
Kubeš, Jan ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Babula, Petr (referee) ; Obložinský, Marek (referee)
Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Department of pharmacognosy Candidate: Mgr. Jan Kubeš Supervisor: PharmDr. Lenka Tůmová, CSc. Title of Doctoral thesis: Transport mechanisms of secondary metabolites across membranes of plant cells An attention was focused on the metabolism of isoflavones in recent years, including their transport within plants and cultures in vitro. A research is focused on the transport mechanism identification across cell or vacuolar membrane. There are localized different transporters as or the transport of some metabolites can take place through membrane vesicules. The release of five isoflavones (genistin, genistein, biochanin A, daidzein and formononetin) into nutrient medium was observed in suspension culture of Genista tinctoria L and Trifolium pratense L. These cultures were treated with NH4VO3 solutions (1 a 10 M concentration) when isoflavon content in medium was higher after 24 hours. This increased volume of isoflavones was supressed by different transport mechanism inhibitors. The transport of isoflavones in T. pratense was influenced by ABC inhibitors from MRP subfamily, but genistein concentration in medium was lower after treatment with MDR subfamily inhibitors. Brefeldin A, which blocks vesicular transport, also decreased concentration of...
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