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Genetic predisposition to diabetic nephropathy
Romžová, Marianna ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Kalousová, Marta (referee) ; Komers, Radko (referee)
Diabetic nephropathy is major microvascular complication leading to end stage renal silure and CVD associated death in diabetic patients, thus accounts for increased mortality and morbidity in these patients. Clinical definition of DN is presence of proteinuria over 0.5 g per 24h. It occurs in 15 - 30 % of type 1 diabetic patients after 20 years of diabetes duration, whereas prevalence in type 2 diabetes is more variable, ranging form 5 to 40 %. The fact that only subset of diabetic patients eventually develop DN despite long-term severe chronic hyperglycemia, together with the evidence of familial clustering of DN and various ethnic/racial prevalence of DN indicie hereditary predisposition to DN, independent form predisposition to diabetes mellitus. The conception of combination of several "bad" genes and environmental factors, such are glycemic control, blood pressure control or hypertension, was established as model of DN inheritance. To reveal genetic markers, implicated in renal diabetic complications, two main strategies have been used in DN research - linkage analysis and population based association studies. Present work shows new results of the investigation on DN predisposition markers. Several polymorphisms in the genes encoding transcription factor NFB and its inhibitor IB, transcription factor...
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The Influence of Autism on the Siblings of Children with Autism
Schöffelová, Miroslava ; Strnadová, Iva (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
This work deals with the families of children with disorders of the autistic spectrum, focusing on their siblings. The fírst part outlines the theoretical data concerning this issue. This part principally focuses on the issue of the families of children with autism, how it affects them, and the diffículties that can arise when there is a child with autism in a family. Another topič examined is the presence of other children in the family and the effect a sibling with autism has on them, including the professional or non-professional means of assisting these children or of overcoming any diffículties. The research part presents the results of the investigations. In order to achieve the aims of this thesis the author has used a combination of a quantative and qualitative approach - specifícally interviews with siblings, questionnaire surveys and monitoring. The families involved in the research are first briefly presented, followed the opinions of parents on the theme of the other children in the family, sibling relationships and the associated worries and desires. The main part focuses on a description of the most important aspects affecting the siblings of a child with autism. The finál part then describes the currently available means of helping the siblings of children with autism in the Czech Republic
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Pathway to inclusion: attitudes towards inclusive education of intellectually disabled children in the Czech Republic
Soo, Suzana ; Šiška, Jan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
A small-scale research involving a total of 39 special education teachers and parents was conducted in the city of Sumperk and Rakovnik, in the Czech Republic. Since the implementation of the Equal Education Act in 2004, the numbers of children in segregated special schools remained high and the largest number of children attending these segregated special schools are intellectually disabled. It is believed that the attitudes of special education teachers and parents are important factors in contributing to the current situation in special schools. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Learning how to Learn in Inclusive Secondary Education
Vermeulen, Dayan Egberdina Wilhelmina ; Strnadová, Iva (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
The topic of this dissertation is "Learning how to learn in inclusive secondary education." The central subject of this dissertation is the facilitation of processes in which students develop awareness of their own learning-styles and educational needs. In my opinion, awareness of learning-styles and awareness of personal educational needs by students and teachers should lead to educational programmes, environments, settings and facilitations that promote more effective and joyful learning for all. In their actual practices of educational change and development, schools meet several problems concerning the quality of education that produce questions for research. To find solutions for some of these questions we started a participative action research project. The action research area for this project was Inclusive Secondary Education and the coresearchers in the action-research process were teachers as well as students. All five schools involved in this research program are inclusive mainstream schools in the sense that children with visual or communication handicaps, physically and mentally handicaps (limit TIQ= 40) as well as students with behavioral problems and students without handicap are welcome. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Reflective practices in Teaching
Chen, Ye ; Šiška, Jan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
The aim of this research is to find out if reflective practices exist in Czech schools and whether teachers arc aware of it. Besides, tcachcrs' opinions on reflection as well as conditions that may influence reflection arc examined. For this purpose, a small-scalc questionnaire-based study is earned out with tcachcrs in mainstream and spécial schools. Mixed-methods approach is adopted to collect data from questionnaire, observation and interview, which is then analysed by means of triangulation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Attitudes of Young Adolescents toward their Peers with Intellectual Disabilities
Kuo, Hui-Wen ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Strnadová, Iva (referee)
This study explores the attitudes of young adolescents towards their peers with intellectual disabilities in Prague, Czech Republic. A total of 253 young adolescents participated in this study, with 134 male and 119 female in 7th, 8th, and 9th grade. The attitudes of the young adolescents were surveyed by making use of the attitude questionnaire designed by the researcher. The roles of previous contact, gender and grade were examined. Results indicated that young adolescents were generally positive toward their peers with intellectual disabilities. Young adolescents who had previous contact with people with intellectual disabilities are more positive than those who did not. Female were more positive than male. 9th graders who participated were not more positive than those in 7th graders. Possibilities and suggestions for future researches and education were suggested. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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HLA Class II Antigens as a Main Predisposition Factor for Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus.
Zikmundová, Veronika ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee) ; Černá, Marie (advisor)
Autoimmune diabetes (type 1 diabetes, T1D) is a multifactorial disease, where the immune system reacts against pancreatic β-cells of Langerhans islets. Their progressive destruction causes insufficient function of insulin for the organism and production of autoantibodies. These antibodies serve as markers of autoimmune insulitis even before the manifestation of the disease. T1D is triggered by environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Genetic susceptibility mainly relates to HLA genes, which cause about 50 % of familiar occurences. The most risk factors are HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4 and HLA-DQ8 antigens. Their aminoacidic structure determines which peptides would bind to individual antigens and how firmly. However, these antigens do not function separately. They are in tight linkage disequilibrium and it is therefore not possible to determine the individual function of each of them in autoimmune process unambiguously. Environmental factors can have protective effect on individuals (e.g. vitamin D), but they can have predisposition effect for autoimmunity as well. The most discussed trigger mechanisms are viral infections (specifically Coxsackie B4 virus) and premature exposure of newborns to cow-milk.
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Prognosis and diagnostics in acute myeloid leukemia
Jiráková Trnková, Zuzana ; Jíra, Milan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Špíšek, Radek (referee)
The main aim of the dissertation was in patients with acute myeloid leukemia to investigate the impact of favorable prognostic chromosomal aberrations and increased expression of a family of multiple drug resistance genes to achieve a complete remission and overall survival, and identify the potential prognostic factors. Experiments were focused on the introduction of routine diagnostics of two prognostically favorable fusion genes, AML1/ETO and CBFbeta/MYH11 and multiple drug resistance gene MDR1. This testing was performed by reverse transcription, PCR and subsequent electrophoretic analysis of its products.
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Molecular aspects of genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus and its monogenic forms
Pintérová, Daniela ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Bendlová, Běla (referee) ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of this work was to study some molecular aspects of genetic predisposition to T2DM and its monogenic forms. We searched for correlations of genotypes with many clinical and laboratory markers and tried to evaluate their significance. The consequences for possible changes in the treatment some particular patients were under discussion. Especially for those suffering from monogenic forms we were able to reach better compensation of DM, or at latest the same compensation for more acceptable therapy. We studied the associations of chosen candidate genes, PPAR, NF-B, its inhibitor IB, known polymorphisms and T2DM including diabetic complications. We used the association study approach to find out if there is any association between available genetic variants among our patients and T2DM with its phenotypic abnormalities (changed levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, further the presence of diabetic complications).
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