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Application of a novel continuous sampler for the determination of compounds in ultrafine aerosol
Hlaváčková, Hana ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Alexa,, Lukáš (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the use of new type of continuous sampler for the determination of compounds in ultra-fine aerosol. The aim of the study was to optimize parameters of the aerosol sampler CGU-ACTJU (Condensation-Growth Unit – Aerosol Counterflow Two-Jets Unit) and its application for the real aerosol samples. The ACTJU sampler connected to upstreamed CGU enables sampling of ultra-fine fraction of particulate matter to the diameter about few nanometers. The measured results from CGU-ACTJU were compared with commercial sampler (cascade impactor) with subsequent offline analysis. The atmospheric aerosol was sampled in two campaigns (July–August 2021 and February 2022) on the terrace of Institute of Analytical Chemistry of CAS in Brno. Theoretical part of the study contains information about analytical methods for the characterization of aerosol, the experimental part describes used methods in detail and the results of experiments are discussed.
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Application of electrochemical methods for the determination of platinum metals
Vašátko, Jan ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the optimization of platinum determination conditions using electrochemical methods, namely voltammetric analysis. The theoretical part describes the physical and chemical properties of platinum and platinum group metals, their occurrence and their use. The theoretical part also deals with the toxicity of platinum group metals and their environmental cycles. Finally, other possible methods of determination are mentioned, including a detailed description of the voltammetric analysis. The experimental part describes the process of optimization of the conditions of voltammetric analysis of platinum and the application of the optimised method on real samples.
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critical Evaluation of metrhods for determination of Sulphates in waters
Havelková, Ludmila ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Sommer, Lumír (advisor)
The aim of this work was the evaluation and method optimalization for determination of sulfates in aqueous solutions with application on different kinds of waters. For determination of sulfates were used two different procedures, turbidimetric and volumetric. In turbidimetric procedure was use optimized conditions applicable determination of sulfates in range from 0 – 20 mg.l-1. For stabilization of the colloid was use glycerine, himself sulfates sedimentation is discharged in BaSO4 form. By volumetric methods are used titration on the dithizone like indicator while using Pb(NO3)2 like volumetric reagent. Other indicator bromsulfonazo III, whitch are used for determination of sulfates by the help of volumetric solutions Ba(ClO4)2 and BaCl2. All volumetric determinations proceeded in acidic medium. During research of interferences ions on the individual titraction was detected substantial effect Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+, which was needing divide off on the exchanger resin. Ions aforementioned don't interfere turbidimetric determination of sulfates.
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Determination of substances in phytopharmaceuticals
Ivanishchanka, Iryna ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
In the bachelor thesis, herbal teas, the main components of which are St. John's Wort and Lemon balm, were analyzed. The physiological properties, the chemical composition and the influence on human health were monitored. Thesis deals method of isolation and identification of essentials oils from out of selected teas to calm the nervous system. For isolation of essentials oils there are used methods solvent extraction, solid phase microextraction (SPME) and steam distillation, for identification there is gas chromatography (GC/MS). Isolation methods for obtaining essential oils from plant matrices were assessed and the most appropriate isolation techniques was determined by solid phase microextraction (SPME)
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Analysis of organic compounds in the soil-biochar-salad system
Hlaváčová, Josefína ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis presented focuses on the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons extracted from lettuce, soil, biochar and soil mixed with biochar. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are introduced into the biochar during the production process, i.e., pyrolysis. After applying the biochar to the soil, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be released into the soil and contaminate it. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the production and characterisation of biochar, its applications to the soil and subsequent changes it induces within the soil. The experimental part focuses on the optimization of the microwave-assisted extraction process. Furthermore, experiments were carried out, assessing the influence of the added biochar on the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within soil and lettuce. The sample analysis included microwave-assisted extraction and quantitative and qualitative determination using GC/MS/MS. The samples analysed were assessed for the presence and concentration of 16 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, prioritised by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The analysis of the samples of lettuce grown in the soil containing biochar display a higher concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compared to samples without biochar. The analysis of the lettuce roots showed identical results.
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Intensive composting technologies and their applications
Kuba, Petr ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with intensive composting. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes information about the composting process and the possibilities of sanitation. The ability to sanitize is essential in the treatment of potentially hazardous biodegradable wastes. The theory also includes information on the preparation of the stockpile, the appropriate composition of materials and the influence of other factors - temperature, aeration rate and turning. It also explains the differences between manual and intensive composting technologies, gives examples of technologies and explains their principles. Last but not least, the advantages of applying compost to the soil are mentioned. The experimental part is devoted to the Multiferm device and the tests of the composting process carried out on this unit. The tests aim to find the optimal parameters for the whole composting process and to ensure the sanitation process. Although the parameters are influenced by several factors, the compost sanitation process is achieved in one of the tests.
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Determination of trace amounts of mercury by voltammetry
Hudzíková, Veronika ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
This bachelor thesis concentrates on the optimalization of conditions for voltammetric determination of mercury in water. The theoretical part describes fundamental characteristics of mercury as a chemical element, impact on the environment and possible analytical methods for determination with emphasis on voltammetry. The experimental part includes the description of the optimalization of analysis conditions, applied methods and the analysis of real samples.
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Research on the release of nitrogen compounds from fertilizers
Cápková, Viola ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the monitoring of the release kinetics of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate ions from slow release fertilizers covered in potassium polyacrylate. Fertilizer samples were subjected to different extraction reagents and experimental conditions. The effect of dynamic and pressure conditions in comparison to the static conditions was investigated, same as exposion to distilled, drinking and atmospheric water. The change in concentration of each analyte was measured at regular intervals using molecular spectrophotometry. Distilled water was found to be the best extraction reagent, with no significant difference between the experimental conditions. Slow release of nutrients was proved for two fertilizer samples, the urea fertilizer and it’s modified form.
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Microfiltration and filtration – the use in wastewater treatment technology
Čičatková, Dominika ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of wastewater treatment using a membrane process called microfiltration. It focuses on the comparison of selected indicators of wastewater pollution, the values of which were determined in the influent and effluent samples of a microscreen drum filter and a disc filter at selected wastewater treatment plants. The treatment plants were selected based on whether they owned any of the listed filter types from IN-EKO TEAM s.r.o. The selected indicators were determined in a total of twelve samples from six wastewater treatment plants. From the data obtained, it was found that the above filtering devices contribute to improving the quality of the effluent discharged and can thus prevent problems associated with pollution of water recipients.
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