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Collectivization of agriculture and its projection to the landscape. Case study of cadastral area Široký Důl
Kocmanová, Pavlína ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Bartoš, Michael (referee)
Diplomová práce Kolektivizace zemědělství a její promítnutí do krajiny ABSTRACT I searched changes in the cultural landscape structure in the relation with social processes in the time period 1937-2010 in my thesis. The research refers to the second half of 20th century, or more precisely, to the era of collectivization of Czechoslovak agriculture. In consequence of collectivization, the landscape was ecologically devastated and overall the nature of Czech countryside changed. Analysis of the landscape structure has form of case study of cadastral area of Široký Důl. I interpreted landscape changes from historical aerial photos and then analyzed the changes by geographical information systems. The results of those analyses are indicators (landscape metrics), by which I interpreted conditions of landscape in particular time. I confronted the changes in the landscape structure with social processes, which are described in theoretical part of thesis according to background research. Result of my thesis is general story of particular landscape, whose structure changed fundamentally in consequence of collectivization of agriculture. Key words: landscape structure, collectivization, landscape metrics, GIS, cultural landscape, aerial photos, Široký Důl
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Mapping and documentation of landscape important elements in the area of Novodvorsko.
Michalová, Edita ; Skaloš, Jan (referee) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor)
The Master's thesis deals with mapping and documentation of important landscape elements in cadasters Nové Dvory, Svatý Mikuláš and Rohozec. Important landscape element represents ecologically, geomorphological or aesthetically valuable part of the landscape that shapes its typical appearance and helps to maintain its stability. This category of general nature and landscape protection allows to protect the segments of the landscape, which do not have the parameters for publication in specially protected areas. Field mapping and selection of important landscape elements were made on the basis of basic maps of 1: 10 000 and color orthophoto. Selected elements of the landscape was divided into several categories and documented using the tables. Elements of each category were evaluated on the basis of monitored parameters and the available sources. Also the map of important landscape elements was created. In the territory was documented 120 important landscape elements belonging to the nine categories - forest, water, rivers, riparian vegetation, alleies and line of trees, permanent grassland, wetlands, islands of trees and cultural and historic elements. The found important landscape elements play in the cultural landscape, where there are not specially protected areas of nature, an important and irreplaceable...
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Landscape as mirror of social processes. An analysis of development of landscale structure in time
Jakešová, Lucie ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Hák, Tomáš (referee)
The main topic of this thesis is the inter-relationship between human society and natural systems. The cultural landscape is one of the physical manifestations of this interaction, and that is why the landscape is a suitable object for observing the relationship between man and nature. Thus, the structure of the landscape can represent a "mirror" of social processes. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the relationship between human society and nature, the main factors of social changes are presented in terms of the concept of social metabolism and the colonization of nature. In the empirical part, the analysis of the development of the landscape of the area of interest in the time period 1839-2007 is presented, based on geographical information systems using a visual interpretation of the map of stabile cadastre and historical aerial images. In the discussion, there was sought for connections between these changes with the social development in the researched area. It is an example of a typical Czech cultural landscape and is distinguished by significant representation of intense agricultural utilization of the landscape. In the area of interest, the phenomena of the industrialization process of the society are evidently reflected. During the researched period, two development trends can be...
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Countryside a place for living? (The analysis of rural community case study: Křižánky village)
Mrázková, Hana ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Skaloš, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the rural space (rural society) and on the contextual theoretical and practical approaches. The thesis is divided in two main parts - THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES and CASE STUDY. The part THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES is aimed to describe the rural space from historical and present point of view. There are also presented principles of the regional policy and methods of planning in the landscape and in the society (i.e. landscape ecological planning, strategic plannig etc.). These are put in the context of law in force. Description of social/human aspects of a rural community is the goal of the second part. For the part CASE STUDY was Křižánky (the settlement in the region Vysočina) chosen because of large differentiation of the settlement structure. In the past there were three local parts with individual agency that's why the assumption of different views which was not validated eventually. The analysis of rural society is based on sociological research (questionaire) finding out the identification to the region, the quotidian problems of the life, the value preferences, the design of civil amenities and the concept of other development of area. The output of this study is a file of quantitative and qualitative data in relation to human/society-landscape.
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Analysis of connectivity of territorial system of Landscape ecological stability in Hradec Králové region
Jebavá, Lucie ; Šímová, Petra (advisor) ; Skaloš, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with analysis of connectivity of a territorial system of landscape ecological stability in the Hradec Králové region. This area is also famous for its typical agricultural production. The calculations done in software Conefor were counted for three groups of animals with different dispersal possibilities. It was made in several phases. At first, the connectivity of all biocentres was counted then the connectivity without nonfunctional biocentres. In the next step was counted connectivity for three categories of biotopes and the same calculations were made for newly proposed biocentres. The results from software Conefor show that the indicies are not so clear. Also the rate of connectivity in the study area is questionable.
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Change trajectories of wood pastures using landscape metrics
Štěch, Petr ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
This work is processed in a form of study on a topic of description of change trajectories in a historical development of woody pastures in selected areas of Moravian Silesian region and Olomouc region, Czech Republic. There were chosen 6 cadastrals of stable cadastral in the study areas. These were studied for the change trajectories between the 19. and 21. century. The analysis were processed in geographic information systems with usage of landscape metric methods. The main goal of this work is description, interpretation and explanation of change trajectories of woody pastures in studied areas. This work also shows the interactions between changes in the landscape and the character of the landscape.
The first part discusses definitions and descriptions of woody pastures in general and also brings the newest information of the studied topic. The main part of this work is the study itself.
The main benefits of this work lies mainly in describtion of the changes in development of the woody pastures in the studied areas. The information and data obtained may contribute to better understanding of the ways of historical development of woody pastures. Obtained data will be used for future studies on a level of whole Czech republic.
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Change trajectories of wood pastures at the landscape level
Marková, Magdaléna ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The theme of my thesis is analysis and evaluation of development of wood pastures at several locations in the Elbe lowlands from the first half of 19th century up to the present. The area is characterized by its fertility and the large share of arable land.
The data analysis was developed using a geographic information system (GIS). The basic documents were maps and written operate of Stationary cadaster.
The results of the work are map compositions depicting the change trajectories of wood pastures (extinct, continuous and new), graphs show the area of individual trajectories and evaluate the utility of written operate of the Stacionary cadastre.
We have put the obtained information about the natural and social-economic development of the area into context. We got a possible explanation of development, therefore, why the old wooded pastures vanish and new ones arisen elsewhere. Changes of wood pastures were influenced by socio-economic development of the area and probably by distance from a watercourse. The informations obtained from written operate of Stacionary cadaster are useless for this thesis.
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Change trajectories of wood-pastures focusing on changes in management
Čermáková, Kamila ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
This thesis is focused on monitoring changes in the trajectory of wood-pasture mainly in changes in management. The main goal of research was land-cover according to the Imperial prints and current orthophoto maps. Area of interest is located in the Stredocesky and the Ustecky region, specifically my intereset was six historic regions in the Midwestern Bohemia, which had the largest landscape heterogeneity.
The first part describes the historical development of wood-pastures, their definition and the current status. Information was obtained from the Czech and foreign literature. Another part deals with specific trajectories in the area of interest. Changes in wood-pasture from mid-19th century to the present day were compared by program ArcGIS. In conclusion you can find the evaluation of the results by graphs, tables and verbal evaluation of the likely causes of changes in trajectory.
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Analysis and evaluation of landscape changes - case study Ricany
Bělunková, Šárka ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
In this study is researched historical development of the Říčany landscape. Using stable cadastre maps, aerial photographs from 1953 and current aerial photographs is researched the development of the landscape elements. Further the spatial analyzess of defelopment these landscape elements are performed. Based on scientific texts and in cooperation with the Museum of Říčany city are discussed causes of identified landscape changes. The greatest changes were observed in arable land. In this landscape element decreased the total area from 63,40 % to 38,69 %. In this place, there occurred mainly for the development of built-up areas (from 0,76 % to 10,42 %) and urban green areas (from 1,20 % to 18,17 %). On the other hand, the most constant remained the forests. This area was increased by only 1,84 % and their spatial area kept almost unchanged. The data collected in this work could be used theoretically and also practically. Theoretical use consist in understanding of the functioning of landsccape changes. Practically, the results could be used by the municipal authority as a basis for various landscape adjustments of the Říčany city.
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Changes in wetlands - change trajectories, causes
Brašna, Vlastimil ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
This thesis analyzes the historical development of wetlands in corn production areas in Moravia, Czech Republic. Wetlands were analyzed changes in time and space for a period of 180 years.
The main objective is to analyze the development of wetland habitats in the landscape using old maps, aerial photographs and GIS. The bases were of the Imperial Imprints of the Stable cadastre from the first half of the 19th century and contemporary orthophoto. There were also used GIS layers of the current location of wetlands, farmland, forests, rivers and waterways. In historical documents were evaluated by two categories 1) wet meadows and 2) swamps and marshes. In the current surface are only evaluated wetlands.
The total area is 18054 ha. The area of wetlands dramatically decreased from 108 ha in the first half of the 19th century on 14 ha in 2015. Most of the wetlands have been converted to agricultural land - arable land (72 %), meadows and pastures (12 %). Wetlands succession was transformed to bushes (5,4 %). There was 5 % of the deaths of wetlands built and drained. Most wetlands have been transformed due to the pressure on the production function of the landscape in order to get more food. In the first half of the 19th century it was dominated by wet meadows, they had 684 ha. Despite the disappearance of a large part of the wetlands created new wetlands, which have 12.4 hectares. Most newly created wetlands are located in the cadastral area of Mutěnice. Only one wetland (1.68 ha) remained unchanged, located in cadastral Čejč. This wetland had a history of more land (25.15 hectares) and has been linked with Čejčské Lake.
The main result of this work is to determine the trajectories of development of wetland ecosystems in the lowlands of Moravia. Descriptions of these trajectories have contributed to understanding influences on the development of wetlands. Results wetlands contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of landscape ecology. The results can be used to restore extinct wetlands and creation of new wetlands in the historic wet meadows. The information obtained can be used in landscape planning with regard to the protection and management of wetlands.
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